1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
2Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
3Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
6Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
7Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
8Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Operational definition of diagnosis | |
---|---|
Type 2 diabetes mellitus from claim DB | ICD-10 code of type 2 diabetes mellitus (E11-E14) as principal diagnosis or up to a fourth additional diagnosis+prescribed at least one antidiabetic drug in a given year |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus from health check-up DB | FBG ≥126 mg/dL (undiagnosed diabetes) or ICD-10 code of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a claim for antidiabetic medication |
Hypertension from claim DB | ≥1 Claim/year for antihypertensive medication under ICD-10 code of I10-I13, I15 |
Dyslipidemia from claim DB | ≥1 Claim/year for antidyslipidemic agents under ICD-10 code of E78 |
Antidiabetic medications | Sulfonylurea, metformin, DPP-4 inhibitor, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, meglitinide, thiazolidinedione, insulins |
Diabetic retinopathy | H36.0 |
Panretinal/endolaser photocoagulation | H36.0+S5160a/H36.0+S5161a |
Pars plana vitrectomy | H36.0+S5121a |
Visual impairment | Registered in the National Handicapped Registry |
Ischemic heart disease | I20-25 |
Acute myocardial infarction | I21-23 |
Ischemic stroke | I63, I64, I693, I694, G45 |
Hemorrhagic stroke | I60-62, I690-692 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)a | M6551-2, M6561-4, M6571-2 |
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)a | O1641-2, O6147, OA641-2, OA647 |
Depression | F32-F34 |
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim DB | ||||||||
Total population | 29,340,486 | 29,964,692 | 30,784,595 | 31,446,745 | 32,113,334 | 32,755,158 | 33,397,816 | 33,897,232 |
Prevalence rate, % | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.0 |
Sex | ||||||||
Men | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 |
Women | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
Incidence rate, % | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.83 | 0.81 |
Sex | ||||||||
Men | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
Women | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
Health check-up DB | ||||||||
Total population | 7,229,856 | 6,642,441 | 8,284,141 | 9,186,594 | 10,225,856 | 10,456,856 | 11,015,182 | 10,610,669 |
Prevalence rate, % | 8.4 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
Sex | ||||||||
Men | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 12.2 |
Women | 7.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 9.3 |
IFG, % | 21.5 | 23.0 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 24.0 | 25.0 |
2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insulin | 8.6 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 14.8 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 17.8 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 16.4 |
SU | 87.2 | 86.2 | 85.5 | 84.3 | 82.9 | 81.5 | 80.0 | 76.7 | 70.7 | 66.2 | 62.1 | 58.5 |
Metformin | 52.9 | 56.6 | 59.0 | 59.7 | 60.9 | 62.9 | 64.9 | 68.9 | 72.3 | 76.9 | 79.1 | 80.4 |
Glinide | 1.0 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.0 |
TZD | 7.3 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 11.2 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
DPP-4i | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | 8.4 | 13.9 | 19.0 | 28.7 | 38.4 |
α-GI | 24.3 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 22.8 | 21.4 | 18.5 | 13.4 | 9.4 |
Total | 181.3 | 189.0 | 193.0 | 196.0 | 201.5 | 204.4 | 206.6 | 213.7 | 212.0 | 210.1 | 209.8 | 211.7 |
DB, database; ICD-10, International Classification of Disease 10th revision; FBG, fasting blood glucose; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4. aProcedure codes.
DB, database; IFG, impaired fasting glucose.
SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; α-GI, α-glucosidase inhibitor.