Fig. 1(A) Glycemic levels across the 5-point oral glucose tolerance test (5p-OGTT) by quartiles of plasma linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (LGPC). (B) Area under the glucose curve (AUCglu) in the 5p-OGTT across quartiles of plasma LGPC.
Fig. 2Correlation between plasma linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (LGPC) and whole-body glucose disposal in the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.
Table 1Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of study participants
Characteristic |
Women (n=35) |
Men (n=27) |
Total (n=62) |
Age, yr |
52.0±9.2 |
49.1±11.3 |
50.7±10.2 |
Weight, kg |
63.7±11.8 |
80.3±13.5 |
70.9±15.1 |
Height, cm |
157.0±6.0 |
169.0±7.9 |
161.9±8.9 |
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
25.7±4.7 |
28.1±4.2 |
26.7±4.6 |
Body water, % |
47.8±4.0 |
52.5±4.8 |
49.8±4.9 |
Body fat, % |
34.3±6.0 |
26.9±6.8 |
31.0±7.3 |
Visceral fat, % |
6.9±2.9 |
11.0±4.1 |
8.7±4.0 |
Lean mass, % |
63.0±6.0 |
69.0±7.0 |
65.9±7.0 |
Bone mass, kg |
2.1±0.2 |
3.8±0.5 |
2.8±0.3 |
Abdominal circumference, cm |
82.9±11.8 |
96.4±12.4 |
89.3±13.8 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
116.0±14.0 |
119.1±11.0 |
117.0±11.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
74.0±9.0 |
75.0±9.0 |
74.0±9.0 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
96.0±11.9 |
98.1±7.1 |
97.1±9.9 |
Glycated hemoglobin, % |
5.6±1.6 |
5.7±1.2 |
5.6±1.4 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
0.72±0.11 |
0.91±0.18 |
0.80±0.17 |
eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2
|
93.3±15.7 |
98.8±23.3 |
95.9±19.7 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
217.4±54.7 |
186.2±36.8 |
203.8±49.9 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
151.6±86.1 |
153.8±63.1 |
152.6±76.4 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
48.8±12.3 |
39.0±10.5 |
44.5±12.4 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
141.1±46.3 |
116.4±41.0 |
130.3±45.5 |
hs-CRP, mg/L |
2.06±2.0 |
3.91±7.7 |
2.86±5.3 |
LGPC, μg/mL |
14.2±7.4 |
15.4±7.6 |
14.7±7.4 |
Table 2Correlation between plasma LGPC and insulin resistance indices, and between plasma LGPC and insulin resistance-associated clinical and biochemical variables
|
Correlation with LGPC |
Spearman r
|
P value |
Clinical variable |
|
|
BMI |
−0.02 |
0.88 |
Abdominal circumference |
0.03 |
0.82 |
Body fat percent |
−0.06 |
0.67 |
Lean mass percent |
0.07 |
0.58 |
Abdominal fat percent |
0.09 |
0.50 |
Systolic blood pressure |
0.17 |
0.19 |
Fasting glucose |
0.07 |
0.58 |
HbA1c |
0.01 |
0.93 |
Log (triglycerides) |
0.62 |
0.63 |
HDL-C |
0.11 |
0.39 |
LDL-C |
−0.11 |
0.40 |
Insulin resistance indices |
|
|
HOMA-IR |
0.09 |
0.48 |
Fasting insulin |
0.08 |
0.54 |
iAUCins |
0.04 |
0.73 |
ISI by Gutt |
−0.09 |
0.46 |
CIR-30 |
−0.21 |
0.11 |
QUICKI |
−0.01 |
0.94 |
Table 3Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of participants, according to their participation in the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
Characteristic |
Clamp (n=15) |
No clamp (n=47) |
P value |
Age, yr |
51.7±7.1 |
50.5±11.0 |
0.92 |
Weight, kg |
71.5±11.5 |
70.7±16.0 |
0.79 |
Height, cm |
163.4±10.4 |
162±8.7 |
0.89 |
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
26.3±1.9 |
26.8±5.1 |
0.95 |
Body water, % |
49.3±4.0 |
50±5.2 |
0.68 |
Body fat, % |
31.8±6.3 |
30.8±7.7 |
0.69 |
Visceral fat, % |
8.4±2.9 |
8.8±4.3 |
0.98 |
Lean mass, % |
65.5±6.2 |
0.7±0.1 |
0.97 |
Bone mass, kg |
2.5±0.5 |
3.0±3.5 |
0.97 |
Abdominal circumference, cm |
87.4±8.3 |
89.9±15.1 |
0.71 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
118.2±10.9 |
116.8±12.8 |
0.64 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
77.7±8.9 |
73.1±8.9 |
0.09 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
97.1±6.7 |
96.5±11.2 |
0.57 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin, % |
5.3±0.8 |
5.7±1.5 |
0.53 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
0.80±0.2 |
0.80±0.2 |
0.92 |
eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2
|
94.3±17.2 |
96.4±20.6 |
0.67 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
207.2±54.6 |
202.7±48.8 |
0.90 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
130.8±71.5 |
159.5±77.3 |
0.11 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
42.7±9.9 |
45.1±13.2 |
0.68 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
140.3±46.6 |
127.2±45.1 |
0.49 |
hs-CRP, mg/L |
2.04±1.7 |
3.1±6.0 |
0.82 |
LGPC, µg/mL |
13.6±7.1 |
15.1±7.6 |
0.54 |