NOTES
-
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
-
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: C.H.L.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: J.W.C., Y.S.P., J.E.S., Y.S., C.W.O., J.H.N., J.H,L., J.W.S., U.K., J.S.P., K.C.W., D.G.S.
Drafting the work or revising: J.W.C., C.H.L.
Final approval of the manuscript: C.H.L.
-
FUNDING
None
Table 1.Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to the admission glucose level
Characteristic |
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
Group 3 |
Group 4 |
Group 5 |
P value |
≤80 mg/dL (n=5) |
81–140 mg/dL (n=634) |
141–200 mg/dL (n=492) |
201–260 mg/dL (n=229) |
>260 mg/dL (n=233) |
Age, yr |
60.2±9.4 |
63.8±12.2 |
65.4±11.6 |
66.1±11.8 |
65.9±12.0 |
0.046 |
Female sex |
0 |
136 (21.5) |
134 (27.2) |
80 (34.9) |
100 (42.9) |
<0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
22.4±2.2 |
23.5±3.2 |
23.7±2.9 |
23.2±2.9 |
23.4±3.5 |
0.247 |
Myocardial infarction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
STEMI |
5 (100.0) |
388 (61.1) |
210 (42.7) |
91 (39.7) |
109 (46.8) |
- |
NSTEMI |
- |
246 (38.9) |
282 (57.3) |
138 (60.3) |
124 (53.2) |
- |
DM |
2 (40.0) |
77 (12.1) |
147 (29.9) |
133 (58.1) |
192 (82.4) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
2 (40.0) |
243 (37.7) |
201 (41.1) |
98 (44.3) |
109 (47.2) |
<0.001 |
Smoking |
4 (80.0) |
309 (48.0) |
199 (40.8) |
92 (41.6) |
87 (37.8) |
<0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
125.0±20.6 |
132.0±26.4 |
129.8±25.4 |
130.0±31.3 |
123.8±35.1 |
0.049 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
78.0±13.0 |
80.1±15.5 |
78.8±15.9 |
77.6±19.2 |
73.9±20.4 |
0.006 |
Heart rate, /min |
73.2±9.7 |
76.1±15.4 |
77.9±17.1 |
77.5±20.3 |
85.3±25.1 |
<0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
182.2±33.4 |
197.4±46.8 |
194.5±47.2 |
191.4±48.4 |
191.2±56.0 |
0.385 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL |
144.2±38.3 |
157.7±118.0 |
163.6±126.9 |
174.5±135.3 |
194.3±191.8 |
0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
39.4±8.2 |
44.8±12.2 |
44.5±12.7 |
44.2±12.6 |
42.2±12.8 |
0.094 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
116.8±23.8 |
121.2±42.1 |
118.6±41.6 |
115.3±40.4 |
112.9±41.7 |
0.091 |
Admission glucose, mg/dL |
68.4±12.3 |
116.6±13.7 |
166.1±17.1 |
225.2±17.8 |
348.4±91.1 |
<0.001 |
HbA1c, % |
6.5±0.9 |
6.0±0.8 |
6.4±0.9 |
7.2±1.5 |
8.5±1.9 |
<0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
2.7±3.7 |
1.2±0.9 |
1.3±1.2 |
1.4±1.3 |
1.7±1.5 |
<0.001 |
Table 2.Laboratory and echocardiographic parameters and mortality rate according to the admission glucose level
Variable |
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
Group 3 |
Group 4 |
Group 5 |
P value |
<80 mg/dL (n=5) |
81–140 mg/dL (n=634) |
141–200 mg/dL (n=492) |
201–260 mg/dL (n=229) |
>260 mg/dL (n=233) |
NT-proBNP, pq/mL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
5,295.8 |
1,424.5 |
1,931.8 |
2,260.2 |
4,170.1 |
<0.001 |
|
DMa
|
12,911.5 |
2,308.2 |
3,181.5 |
2,797.4 |
4,616.5 |
0.009 |
|
Non-DMb
|
218.7 |
1,301.2 |
1,397.3 |
1,530.3 |
2,109.3 |
0.698 |
|
P valuec
|
<0.001 |
0.012 |
<0.001 |
0.002 |
0.005 |
|
Troponin I, ng/mL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
10.9 |
30.1 |
49.5 |
48.3 |
51.8 |
<0.001 |
|
DM |
5.7 |
25.2 |
40.7 |
44.5 |
47.5 |
0.071 |
|
Non-DM |
14.3 |
30.7 |
53.3 |
53.5 |
71.9 |
<0.001 |
|
P value |
0.088 |
0.591 |
0.169 |
0.374 |
0.033 |
|
AST, IU/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
49.6 |
120.3 |
201.5 |
233.8 |
254.6 |
0.055 |
|
DM |
35.0 |
89.5 |
122.5 |
127.2 |
194.7 |
0.187 |
|
Non-DM |
59.3 |
124.6 |
235.3 |
380.5 |
533.1 |
0.002 |
|
P value |
0.210 |
0.191 |
0.108 |
0.005 |
<0.001 |
|
WBC, K/μL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
7.1 |
9.7 |
10.5 |
11.0 |
12.7 |
<0.001 |
|
DM |
6.9 |
9.3 |
10.2 |
10.7 |
12.2 |
<0.001 |
|
Non-DM |
7.3 |
9.7 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
15.0 |
<0.001 |
|
P value |
0.440 |
0.599 |
0.444 |
0.645 |
0.132 |
|
LVEF, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
51.6 |
52.3 |
49.2 |
49.4 |
46.1 |
<0.001 |
|
DM |
44.0 |
50.0 |
48.2 |
49.2 |
45.8 |
0.023 |
|
Non-DM |
56.7 |
52.6 |
49.7 |
49.7 |
47.8 |
<0.001 |
|
P value |
0.136 |
0.802 |
0.399 |
0.525 |
0.729 |
|
E/E’ ratio |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
16.2 |
12.1 |
12.6 |
13.6 |
15.1 |
<0.001 |
|
DM |
23.4 |
13.9 |
13.6 |
13.9 |
15.3 |
0.046 |
|
Non-DM |
11.4 |
11.9 |
12.1 |
13.2 |
14.3 |
0.037 |
|
P value |
0.342 |
<0.001 |
0.054 |
0.707 |
0.808 |
|
Mortality, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
0.0 |
1.9 |
2.8 |
6.1 |
12.4 |
<0.001 |
|
DM |
0.0 |
2.6 |
2.0 |
5.3 |
8.9 |
<0.001 |
|
Non-DM |
0.0 |
1.8 |
3.2 |
7.3 |
29.3 |
0.055 |
|
P value |
- |
0.751 |
0.410 |
0.482 |
<0.001 |
|