Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Volume 32(6); December 2008

Review

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.: Ji Hyun Ahn, Jae Taek Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):467-473. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.467

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Abstract PDF: Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are associated with increased risk of cardiac dysfunction independently of underlying coronary artery disease. The underlying pathogenesis is partially understood but accumulating evidence suggests that alterations of cardiac energy metabolism might contribute to the development of contractile dysfunction. Recent findings suggest that myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac contractile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. This review is focused on evaluating mechanisms for the mitochondrial abnormalities that may be involved in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.

Editorial

Cystatin C is a Valuable Marker for Predicting Future Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Ki Won Oh; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):474-476. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.474

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No abstract available.

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Increased Serum Cystatin C Levels Were Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Yue Huang, Wenxun Huang, Jing Wei, Zubin Yin, Hanjing Liu
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 857. CrossRef

Original Articles

Protective Effects of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 on HIT-T15 beta Cell Apoptosis via ER Stress Induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose.: Ju Young Kim, Seong Kyu Lee, Haing Woon Baik, Ki Ho Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kang Seo Park, Byung Joon Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):477-487. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.477

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The characteristic feature of pancreatic beta cells is highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to a heavy engagement in insulin secretion. The ER serves several important function, including post-translational modification, folding, and assembly of newly synthesized secretory proteins, and its proper function is essential to cell survival. Various stress conditions can interfere with ER function. Pancreatic beta cells may be particularly vulnerable to ER stress that causes to impair insulin biosynthesis and beta cell survival through apoptosis. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a new drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes and has effects on stimulation of insulin secretion and beta cell preservation. Also, it may have an antiapoptotic effect on beta cells, but detailed mechanisms are not proven. Therefore, we investigated the protective mechanism of GLP-1 in beta cells through ER stress response induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). METHODS: For induction of the ER stress, HIT-T15 cells (hamster beta cell line) were treated with 2DG (10 mM). Apoptosis was evaluated with MTT assay, hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin/PI flow cytometry. Expression of ER stress-related molecules was determined by real-time PCR or western blot. For blocking ER stress, we pretreated HIT-T15 cells with exendin-4 (Ex-4; GLP-1 receptor agonist) for 1 hour before stress induction. RESULTS: After induction with ER stress (2DG), beta cells were lost by apoptosis. We found that Ex-4 had a protective effect through ER stress related molecules (GRP78, GRP94, XBP-1, eIF2alpha, CHOP) modulation. Also, Ex-4 recovered the expression of insulin2 mRNA in beta cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GLP-1 may protect beta cells apoptosis through ER stress modulation.

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Exendin-4 Protects Against Sulfonylurea-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis
Ju-Young Kim, Dong-Mee Lim, Hyung-Seo Park, Chan-Il Moon, Kyung-Jin Choi, Seong-Kyu Lee, Haing-Woon Baik, Keun-Young Park, Byung-Joon Kim
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences.2012; 118(1): 65. CrossRef
GLP-1 Can Protect Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced Beta Cell Apoptosis through the Ubiquitination
Dong Mee Lim, Ju Young Kim, Kang Woo Lee, Keun Young Park, Byung Joon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(2): 142. CrossRef
Exendin-4 Protects Oxidative Stress-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis through Reduced JNK and GSK3β Activity
Ju-Young Kim, Dong-Mee Lim, Chan Il Moon, Kyung-Jin Jo, Seong-Kyu Lee, Haing-Woon Baik, Ki-Ho Lee, Kang-Woo Lee, Keun-Young Park, Byung-Joon Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(11): 1626. CrossRef

Cystatin C is a Valuable Marker for Predicting Future Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Seung Hwan Lee, Kang Woo Lee, Eun Sook Kim, Ye Ree Park, Hun Sung Kim, Shin Ae Park, Mi Ja Kang, Yu Bai Ahn, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Hyuk Sang Kwon; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):488-497. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.488

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest that serum Cystatin C is both a sensitive marker for renal dysfunction and a predictive marker for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between Cystatin C and various biomarkers and to find out its utility in estimating risk for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: From June 2006 to March 2008, anthropometric measurements and biochemical studies including biomarkers for risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were done in 520 type 2 diabetic patients. A 10-year risk for coronary heart diseases and stroke was estimated using Framingham risk score and UKPDS risk engine. RESULTS: The independent variables showing statistically significant associations with Cystatin C were age (beta = 0.009, P < 0.0001), hemoglobin (beta = -0.038, P = 0.0006), serum creatinine (beta = 0.719, beta < 0.0001), uric acid (beta = 0.048, P = 0.0004), log hsCRP (beta = 0.035, P = 0.0021) and homocysteine (beta = 0.005, P = 0.0228). The levels of microalbuminuria, carotid intima-media thickness, fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a) also correlated with Cystatin C, although the significance was lost after multivariate adjustment. Calculated risk for coronary heart diseases increased in proportion to Cystatin C quartiles: 3.3 +/- 0.4, 6.2 +/- 0.6, 7.6 +/- 0.7, 8.4 +/- 0.7% from Framingham risk score (P < 0.0001); 13.1 +/- 0.9, 21.2 +/- 1.6, 26.1 +/- 1.7, 35.4 +/- 2.0% from UKPDS risk engine (P < 0.0001) (means +/- SE). CONCLUSIONS: Cystatin C is significantly correlated with various emerging biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. It was also in accordance with the calculated risk for cardiovascular diseases. These findings verify Cystatin C as a valuable and useful marker for predicting future cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients
Eun Hee Kim, Ji Hee Yu, Sang Ah Lee, Eui Young Kim, Won Gu Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Eun Hee Cho, Eun Hee Koh, Woo Je Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 95. CrossRef
Insulin resistance and inflammation may have an additional role in the link between cystatin C and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Seung-Hwan Lee, Shin-Ae Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyeon-Woo Yim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Bong-Yun Cha, Ho-Young Son, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Metabolism.2010; 59(2): 241. CrossRef

Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment and Future Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Men.: Eun Suk Choi, Eun Jung Rhee, Ji Hoon Kim, Jong Chul Won, Cheol Young Park, Won Young Lee, Ki Won Oh, Sung Woo Park, Sun Woo Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):498-505. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.498

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction have been identified as the two fundamental features in the type 2 diabetes. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), based on plasma levels of fasting glucose and insulin, has been widely validated and applied for quantifying insulin resistance and secretion. This study was performed to assess the predictive value of HOMA indices for future diabetes risk. METHODS: In 14,976 Korean men, in which medical check-up was performed both in 2002 and 2006 in a university hospital health promotion center in Seoul, Korea, prospective assessment for diabetes risk was assessed. At baseline, anthropometric measurements were done and fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profiles were measured. HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA beta-cell) were calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS: After 4 years, 286 subjects (1.9%) were newly diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. These patients (mean age 40.3 years) were age-matched with 632 control subjects (mean age 39.8 years) and diabetes risk was assessed with HOMA indices. Among the parameters, body mass index, fasting glucose and HOMA beta-cell were the significant determinants for future diabetes risk. When the subjects were divided into two groups according to the baseline median values of HOMA-IR and HOMA beta-cell, and assessed jointly, those with the low HOMA beta-cell and high HOMA-IR showed the highest risk for future diabetes (RR 39.065, 95% CI 11.736~130.035, P < 0.01). The subjects with low baseline HOMA beta-cell showed higher RR for diabetes than those with high baseline HOMA-IR (4.413 vs. 3.379, P = 0.018, P = 0.051). CONCLUSION: High HOMA-IR and low HOMA beta-cell were associated with the highest risk for future diabetes in this prospective study of Korean male subjects. These data suggest the value of HOMA indices for diabetes risk in epidemiologic studies in Asian subjects.

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Effects of a 2-Week Kinect-Based Mixed-Reality Exercise Program on Prediabetes: A Pilot Trial during COVID-19
So Young Ahn, Si Woo Lee, Hye Jung Shin, Won Jae Lee, Jun Hyeok Kim, Hyun-Jun Kim, Wook Song
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2024; 33(1): 54. CrossRef
Case Report of Impaired Fasting Glucose Improved with Korean Medicine Treatment and Dietetic Therapy
Eun-mi Kim, Ki-tae Kim
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2021; 42(2): 175. CrossRef
Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Early Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Case Control Study
Hye Jung Kwon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park, Won Moon, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Youn Jung Choi, Sang Kil Lee
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(2): 154. CrossRef
Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Insulin Resistance in Korean Patients with Prediabetes: A Pilot Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Ja-Young Yoo, Keun-Sang Yum
BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Insulin resistance increases the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Yuya Seko, Yoshio Sumida, Saiyu Tanaka, Kojiroh Mori, Hiroyoshi Taketani, Hiroshi Ishiba, Tasuku Hara, Akira Okajima, Atsushi Umemura, Taichiro Nishikawa, Kanji Yamaguchi, Michihisa Moriguchi, Kazuyuki Kanemasa, Kohichiroh Yasui, Shunsuke Imai, Keiji Shim
Hepatology Research.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Characteristics of Abnormal Findings Regarding Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c - Based on Adults Except for Known Diabetes
Seyoung Kwon, Youngak Na
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(3): 239. CrossRef
Association of arsenobetaine with beta-cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in nondiabetic Koreans: data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009
Kiook Baek, Namhoon Lee, Insung Chung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association between Food Group Consumption Patterns and Early Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Non-Diabetic Healthy People
Rimkyo Yeo, So Ra Yoon, Oh Yoen Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2017; 6(3): 172. CrossRef
Glycemic Effects of Rebaudioside A and Erythritol in People with Glucose Intolerance
Dong Hee Shin, Ji Hye Lee, Myung Shin Kang, Tae Hoon Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(4): 283. CrossRef
Comparison of the Usefulness of the Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) with the Original HOMA1 in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans
Young Seok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Hong-Yup Ahn, Cheol-Young Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(4): 318. CrossRef
The effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. on type 2 diabetic rats
Dae Hoon Lee, Jae Min Han, Woong Mo Yang
Journal of Korean Medicine.2015; 36(1): 75. CrossRef
Normal Glucose Tolerance with a High 1-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Level Exhibits Decreased β-Cell Function Similar to Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Tae Jung Oh, Se Hee Min, Chang Ho Ahn, Eun Ky Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(2): 147. CrossRef
Relative contributions of insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction to the development of Type 2 diabetes in Koreans
C.‐H. Kim, H.‐K. Kim, E. H. Kim, S. J. Bae, J.‐Y. Park
Diabetic Medicine.2013; 30(9): 1075. CrossRef
The Relationship between β-cell Function and Nutrient Intakes in Korean Adult - Using 4thKorea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 -
You Mi Lee, Hye Kyung Chung, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(2): 243. CrossRef
A Case of Complete Agenesis of the Dorsal Pancreas in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus
Dong Pil Kim, Kang Seo Park, Dong Sun Kim, Bong Suk Ko, Ji Hae Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jong Ho Shin, Byung Jun Kim, Hyun Jin Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2010; 25(1): 78. CrossRef
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment and Future Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Men (Korean Diabetes J 32(6):498-505, 2008)
Sang Yong Kim
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(1): 73. CrossRef
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment and Future Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Men (Korean Diabetes J 32(6):498-505, 2008)
Eun-Suk Choi, Eun-Jung Rhee
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(1): 75. CrossRef

The Efficacy of Fixed Dose Rosiglitazone and Metformin Combination Therapy in Poorly Controlled Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Tae Seo Sohn, Jee in Lee, In Ju Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Hyun Shik Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):506-512. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.506

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Obese type 2 diabetic subjects are recently increasing in Korea, indicating the importance of insulin resistance rather than insulin secretory defects in the pathophysioloy of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fixed dose rosiglitazone/metformin combination therapy in poorly controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 12 type 2 diabetic subjects who had a HbA1c > 11% or fasting plasma glucose > 15 mmol/L were included. After a 2 week screening period, the subjected took the fixed does rosiglitazone/metformin for 24 weeks. The treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin began at week 0 with an initial dose of 4 mg/1000 mg and, unless tolerability issues arose, subjects would be increased to 6 mg/1500 mg at week 4 and at week 8 to the maximum dose of 8 mg/2000 mg. The primary object of this study was to characterize the magnitude of HbA1c reduction from baseline after 24 weeks of rosiglitazone and metformin treatment in poorly controlled type 2 diabetics. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 48.9 +/- 10.6 years old, body mass index was 25.0 +/- 3.5 kg/m2, HbA1c was 12.0 +/- 1.0%, and fasting plasma glucose was 16.3 +/- 3.1 mmol/L. HbA1c was reduced to 7.54 +/- 1.45% and fasting plasma glucose reduced to 7.96 +/- 2.38 mmol/L at week 24. The proportion of HbA1c responder who showed the reduction from baseline of > or = 0.7% or HbA1c < 7% was 11 among 12 subjects (91.7%). 41% of the subjects (5 among 12 subjects) achieved HbA1c level < 7.0% and 75% (9 among 12 subjects) achieved HbA1c level < 8.0%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, rosiglitazone and metformin combination therapy was effective in glycemic control in poorly controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Valsartan on Blood Pressure and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients: An Open-Label, Multicenter Study.: Se Jun Park, Dae Jung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Soo Yeon Park, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Sung Hee Choi, Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang, Seung Hyun Ko, Ki Ho Song, Yu Bae Ahn, Soo Kyoung Kim, Yong Wook Cho, Jun Goo Kang, Sung Hee Ihm, Cheol Young Park, Sung Woo Park, Dong Hyun Shin, Yong Hyun Kim, Kwan Woo Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):513-521. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.513

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been an important mechanism of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. It has been reported that RAS blockades reduce the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), reduced blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. METHOD: Three hundred forty-seven hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients who had not taken angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or ARB for 6 months prior to this study were enrolled. We measured blood pressure and UAER before and after 24 weeks of valsartan treatment. RESULT: Baseline mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 143 +/- 15 and 87 +/- 11 mmHg, respectively and the median albumin excretion rate was 27 ug/mg. Reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 16 mmHg/10 mmHg and the median UAER was 19.3 ug/mg after 24 weeks (P < 0.01, respectively). When we divided the subjects into three groups according to the UAER (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria), significant changes were reported in the microalbuminuria and the macroalbuminuria groups. Thirty-eight (42%) patients with microalbuminuria improved to normoalbuminuria and twelve (41%) patients with macroalbuminuria improved to microalbuminuria. We found an association between the improvement of blood pressure and UAER (R = 0.165, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: We concluded that valsartan reduces urinary albumin excretion and blood pressure in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.

The Changes of Central Aortic Pulse Wave Analysis in Metabolic Syndrome.: Jee In Lee, Tae Seo Sohn, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Jung Min Lee, Sang Ah Chang, Bong Yun Cha, Hyun Shik Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):522-528. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.522

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Abstract PDF

The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been characterized as a cluster of risk factors that includes dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance and central obesity. This syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Augmentation index (AIx), a composite of wave reflection form medium-sized muscular arteries is related to the development of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to examine the change on central aortic waveforms in subjects between patients with metabolic syndrome and normal subjects. Using the non-invasive technique of pulse wave analysis by applantation tonometry, we investigated central aortic waveforms in 45 patients with MS and 45 matched controls. The MS was defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria. Age did not differ between the two groups. AIx was significantly elevated in patinets with MS compared with controls (21.91 +/- 11.41% vs 18.14 +/- 11.07%; P < 0.01). Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) (158.09 +/- 28.69 vs 167.09 +/- 30.06; P < 0.01) was significantly decreased in patients with MS compared with controls. Only the fasting glucose (r = 0.317, P = 0.03) among the components of MS and age (r = 0.424, P = 0.004) had a positive correlation with AIx. AIx increased as the number of MS components increased. These results show that the MS increased systemic arterial stiffness. Age and fasting blood glucose are independent risk factors of arterial stiffness in MS. The individual MS components, except for fasting blood glucose, do not affect arterial stiffness independently. But the clustering of MS components might interact to synergistically affect arterial stiffness.

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Arterial Stiffness by Aerobic Exercise Is Related with Aerobic Capacity, Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Total Fat but not with Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Ji Yeon Jung, Kyung Wan Min, Hee Jung Ahn, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Ah Han
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(6): 439. CrossRef
The Changes of the body composition and vascular flexibility According to Pilates mat Exercise during 12 weeks in elderly women
Ji-Eun Jang, Yong-Kwon Yoo, Byung-Hoon Lee
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(11): 1777. CrossRef
Traditional East Asian Medical Pulse Diagnosis: A Preliminary Physiologic Investigation
Kylie A. O'Brien, Stephen Birch, Estelle Abbas, Paul Movsessian, Michael Hook, Paul A. Komesaroff
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2013; 19(10): 793. CrossRef

Case Report

Maintenance of Insulin Therapy by Desensitization in Insulin Allergy Patient.: Jun Hwa Hong, Ji Hye Lee, Jong Ho Shin, Dong Pil Kim, Bong Suk Ko, Byung Joon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Kang Seo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):529-531. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.529

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Abstract PDF

Allergic reaction to human insulin is uncommon. But they can cause mild to severe symptoms such as dyspnea, hypotensive shock, etc. Here we report the case of a patient with type 2 diabetes and insulin allergy successfully managed with desensitization. A 60-year-old man with insulin allergy was transferred. He had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose 230 mg/dL). He developed itching sense and erythema at the injection sites of human insulin in a few minutes. And serum IgE level was elevated to 1618.0 IU/mL. The insulin was changed to other preparations, including short and long-acting insulin analogues, with similar responses. He was commenced on twice a day injection protocol in addition to his oral hypoglycemic agents, and achieved fair control (fasting blood glucose 100 mg/dL) on 24 units of Novomix Flex Pen per day, with little or no skin or systemic reaction. This is the case report of insulin allergy in type 2 diabetes being successfully managed by desensitization.

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Allergic reaction to recombinant human insulin
Seong Jin Choi, Min Kwan Kwon, Moon Park, Soo Ya Bae, Hyun Ho Oh, Jong Ho Lee, Ji In Moon, Chan Sun Park, Jong Chul Won, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Jung Min Kim
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2015; 3(4): 302. CrossRef
Two Cases of Allergy to Insulin in Gestational Diabetes
Gi Jun Kim, Shin Bum Kim, Seong Il Jo, Jin Kyeong Shin, Hee Sun Kwon, Heekyung Jeong, Jang Won Son, Seong Su Lee, Sung Rae Kim, Byung Kee Kim, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(3): 402. CrossRef
Successful Management of Insulin Allergy and Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 4 with Desensitization Therapy and Glucocorticoid Treatment: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Joselyn Rojas, Marjorie Villalobos, María Sofía Martínez, Mervin Chávez-Castillo, Wheeler Torres, José Carlos Mejías, Edgar Miquilena, Valmore Bermúdez
Case Reports in Immunology.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
Clinical applications of drug desensitization in the Asia-Pacific region
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Asia Pacific Allergy.2011; 1(1): 2. CrossRef

Letters

The Effect of Rosiglitazone and Metformin Therapy, as an Initial Therapy, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Dong Lim Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):532-533. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.532

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Classification of Diabetic Patients Presenting Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Characteristics of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes.: Tae Sik Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Soon Il Chung; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):534-536. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.534

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in an Elderly Patient
Seung Min Woo, Seung Hyun Hong, Sung Yun Lee, Su Heui Lee, Duc Ky Lee, Sae Jeong Yang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 225. CrossRef

The Classification of Diabetic Patients Presenting Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Characteristics of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes.: Mee Kyung Kim, Ki Ho Song; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(6):537-538. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.6.537

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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