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Pathophysiology
Regulation of Systemic Glucose Homeostasis by T Helper Type 2 Cytokines
Yea Eun Kang, Hyun Jin Kim, Minho Shong
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(5):549-559.   Published online October 24, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0157
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  • 101 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Obesity results in an inflammatory microenvironment in adipose tissue, leading to the deterioration of tissue protective mechanisms. Although recent studies suggested the importance of type 2 immunity in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in adipose tissue, the regulatory effects of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines on systemic metabolic regulation are not fully understood. Recently, we identified the roles of the Th2 cytokine (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-13)-induced adipokine, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), in adipose tissue in regulating systemic glucose metabolism via signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation. Moreover, we showed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is required to maintain these macrophage-regulating autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways via Th2 cytokine-induced secretion of GDF15. In this review, we discuss how the type 2 immune response and Th2 cytokines regulate metabolism in adipose tissue. Specifically, we review the systemic regulatory roles of Th2 cytokines in metabolic disease and the role of mitochondria in maintenance of type 2 responses in adipose tissue homeostasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes
    David Bradley, Tuo Deng, Dharti Shantaram, Willa A. Hsueh
    Annual Review of Physiology.2024; 86(1): 199.     CrossRef
  • Growth and differentiation factor-15: A link between inflammaging and cardiovascular disease
    Balázs Bence Nyárády, Loretta Zsuzsa Kiss, Zsolt Bagyura, Béla Merkely, Edit Dósa, Orsolya Láng, László Kőhidai, Éva Pállinger
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 174: 116475.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function in Blood Samples Shows Distinct Patterns in Subjects with Thyroid Carcinoma from Those with Hyperplasia
    Julia Bernal-Tirapo, María Teresa Bayo Jiménez, Pedro Yuste-García, Isabel Cordova, Ana Peñas, Francisco-Javier García-Borda, Cesar Quintela, Ignacio Prieto, Cristina Sánchez-Ramos, Eduardo Ferrero-Herrero, María Monsalve
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(7): 6453.     CrossRef
  • A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome
    Ronit Vogt Sionov, Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(9): 2558.     CrossRef
  • Gdf15 deletion exacerbates acute lung injuries induced by intratracheal inoculation of aerosolized ricin in mice
    Mengyun Deng, Duo Su, Nan Xiao, Zhipeng Zhang, Yifeng Wang, Fuliang Zong, Sha Li, Jinglin Wang, Dongsheng Zhou, Yuee Zhao, Huiying Yang
    Toxicology.2022; 469: 153135.     CrossRef
  • Role of PPAR Receptor and Ligands in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies
    Jian Wu, Min Zhang, Allison Faircloth
    Hemato.2022; 3(3): 422.     CrossRef
  • Macrophage and Adipocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Obesity-Induced Metabolic Diseases
    Liwen Wang, Jie Hu, Haiyan Zhou
    The World Journal of Men's Health.2021; 39(4): 606.     CrossRef
  • Th2 Cytokines Increase the Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in the Liver
    Seul-Gi Kang, Seong-Eun Lee, Min-Jeong Choi, Joon-Young Chang, Jung-Tae Kim, Ben-Yuan Zhang, Yea-Eun Kang, Ju-Hee Lee, Hyon-Seung Yi, Minho Shong
    Cells.2021; 10(6): 1298.     CrossRef
  • Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15): From Biomarker to Novel Targetable Immune Checkpoint
    Jörg Wischhusen, Ignacio Melero, Wolf Herman Fridman
    Frontiers in Immunology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Transcriptional, Epigenetic and Metabolic Programming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
    Irina Larionova, Elena Kazakova, Marina Patysheva, Julia Kzhyshkowska
    Cancers.2020; 12(6): 1411.     CrossRef
Insulin Resistance During Pregnancy.
Kyu Jeung Ahn
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(2):77-82.   Published online April 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.2.77
  • 1,999 View
  • 27 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pregnancy is a complex metabolic state involving dramatic alterations in the hormonal or cytokine environments (increases in estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol, human chorionic gonadotropin, placental growth hormone and human placental lactogen, TNF-alpha, resistin, leptin, and a decrease in adiponectin) as well as an increasing burden of fuel utilization by the conceptus. Metabolically, the first trimester is characterized by increased insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis. The second and third trimesters, in contrast, are characterized by insulin resistance and increased lipolysis.

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