Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Beta-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Metabolic Characteristics in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Anam Diabetes Observational Study: Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim; Received October 1, 2024 Accepted February 18, 2025 Published online May 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0601 [Epub ahead of print]

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In this study, we aimed to determine the metabolic characteristics and changes in the early stages of young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YOD) in Koreans.
Methods
From the Anam Diabetes Observational Study cohort (2017–2023), the characteristics of newly diagnosed YOD (<40 years of age, n=39) and later-onset (≥40 years of age) type 2 diabetes mellitus (LOD, n=178) were compared at diagnosis and 1 year later. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at diagnosis and annually thereafter. β-Cell function was determined using the disposition index (DI), calculated as the insulinogenic index×Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Insulin sensitivity was determined using ISI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR).
Results
Mean (±standard deviation) age of individuals with YOD was 29.8±6.4 years, and 76.9% were male. YOD patients had higher body mass index (29.8 kg/m² vs. 27.2 kg/m², P=0.020), fat mass (30.5 kg vs. 24.1 kg, P=0.011), fatty liver index (65.4 vs. 49.2, P=0.005), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at diagnosis (9.3% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001) compared with LOD patients. YOD patients exhibited lower insulin sensitivity (ISI: 2.79 vs. 3.26, P=0.008; HOMA2-IR: 2.72 vs. 1.83, P<0.001) and β-cell function (DI) at diagnosis (0.41 vs. 0.72, P=0.003) than LOD patients. Following 1 year of treatment, DI improved by 94% in YOD along with improvement in HbA1c; however, it was still significantly lower than that of LOD (0.64 vs. 0.90, P=0.017).
Conclusion
Individuals with YOD have unfavorable metabolic characteristics, substantially reduced insulin sensitivity, and decompensated β-cell function at disease onset, which persist even after treatment.

Basic and Translational Research
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy Adults: Benedict Herhaus, Andreas Peter, Julia Hummel, Thomas Kubiak, Martin Heni, Katja Petrowski; Received October 19, 2024 Accepted February 3, 2025 Published online April 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0647 [Epub ahead of print]

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The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the brain’s communication with metabolically important peripheral organs, modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion. Increased sympathetic tone is a common feature in prediabetes and diabetes. The parasympathetic nervous system activity might be improvable through resonance frequency breathing (RFB) with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) training.
Methods
We here investigated the effect of a 4-week mobile RFB-HRV-BF intervention on glucose metabolism and HRV of 30 healthy adults (17 females; mean age 25.77±3.64 years; mean body mass index 22.65±2.95 kg/m²). Before and after the intervention, glucose metabolism was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (with blood sampling every 30 minutes over 2 hours) and HRV was measured through electrocardiography.
Results
RFB-HRV-BF training did not influence glucose metabolism in healthy adults but reduced fasting as well as 2-hour-postload glucose in participants categorized as more insulin resistant before the intervention. In addition, RFB-HRV-BF training was associated with an increase in the time and frequency domain HRV parameters standard deviation of all NN-intervals, root mean square successive differences, HRV high-frequency and HRV low-frequency after 4 weeks of intervention.
Conclusion
Our findings introduce RFB-HRV-BF training as an effective tool to modulate the autonomic nervous system with a shift towards the parasympathetic tone. Along with the observed decrease in glycemia in those with lower insulin sensitivity, RFB-HRV-BF training emerges as a promising non-pharmacological approach to improve glucose metabolism which has to be further investigated in prediabetes and diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes
Global Burden of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related Chronic Kidney Disease among Adolescents and Young Adults, and Projections to 2035: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021: Xiaoli Qu, Chongbin Liu, Lin Sun, Zhifeng Sheng; Received September 4, 2024 Accepted December 12, 2024 Published online March 10, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0544 [Epub ahead of print]

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus related chronic kidney disease (T1DM-CKD) presents a global health challenge, with unclear trends and patterns among adolescents and young adults. This study analyzed the burden and risk factors of T1DM-CKD in individuals aged 15 to 39 from 1990 to 2021 and predicted future trends.
Methods
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021, we analyzed the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of T1DM-CKD among youth across gender, sociodemographic index (SDI) areas, and data from 21 regions and 204 countries and territories. Risk factors were assessed and future trends were projected.
Results
Between 1990 and 2021, the global prevalence of T1DM-CKD aged 15 to 39 increased by 107.5% to 3.32 million, with an age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of 111.44 per 100,000 (AAPC 1.33%). Incidence rose by 165.4% to 14,200, with an agestandardized incidence rate of 0.48 per 100,000 (AAPC 2.19%). However, age-standardized mortality rate (0.50 per 100,000, AAPC –0.87%) and age-standardized DALYs rate (30.61 per 100,000, AAPC –0.83%) decreased. ASPR increased across all SDI regions, especially in high-SDI countries. High fasting glucose remained the major risk factor influencing DALYs. By 2035, T1DM-CKD prevalence was projected to decrease to 2.86 million (ASPR 89.67 per 100,000).
Conclusion
The research revealed a global increase in T1DM-CKD among youth, with a shift towards younger onset and significant variations based on gender and location, emphasizing the importance of early prevention and management strategies for this demographic.

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Prevalence, Incidence, and Metabolic Characteristics of Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea (2010–2020): Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Nam Hoon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(2):172-182. Published online March 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0826

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This study aimed to examine trends in the prevalence, incidence, metabolic characteristics, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young adults in South Korea.
Methods
Young adults with T2DM were defined as individuals aged 19 to 39 years who met the diagnostic criteria for T2DM. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Customized Database (2010–2020, n=225,497–372,726) were analyzed to evaluate trends in T2DM prevalence, incidence, metabolic profiles, comorbidities, and antidiabetic drug prescription. Additional analyses were performed using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Results
The prevalence of T2DM in young adults significantly increased from 1.02% in 2010 to 2.02% in 2020 (P<0.001), corresponding to 372,726 patients in 2020. Over the same period, the incidence rate remained stable within the range of 0.36% to 0.45%. Prediabetes prevalence steadily increased from 15.53% to 20.92%, affecting 3.87 million individuals in 2020. The proportion of young adults with T2DM who were obese also increased, with 67.8% having a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² and 31.6% having a BMI ≥30 kg/m² in 2020. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease also increased, reaching 34.2%, 79.8%, and 78.9%, respectively, in 2020. Although the overall pharmacological treatment rate remained low, the prescription of antidiabetic medications with weight-reducing properties increased over the study period.
Conclusion
The prevalence of T2DM among young adults in South Korea nearly doubled over the past decade. The strong association with obesity and metabolic comorbidities emphasizes the urgent need for targeted prevention and management strategies tailored to this population.

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024: Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):24-33. Published online January 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0818; Correction in: Diabetes Metab J 2025;49(3):524

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults.
Methods
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2022) were analyzed to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, and comorbidities of diabetes. Comparisons between young and older adults with diabetes were emphasized.
Results
Among Korean adults aged ≥30 years, the prevalence of diabetes is 15.5% during 2021–2022. Of these, 74.7% were aware of their condition, 70.9% received antidiabetic treatment, and only 32.4% achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%. Moreover, 15.9% met the integrated management targets, which included HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. In young adults aged 19 to 39 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 2.2%. Among them, 43.3% were aware of their condition, 34.6% received treatment, and 29.6% achieved HbA1c <6.5%. Obesity affected 87.1%, and 26.9% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Among adults aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 29.3%, with awareness, treatment, and control rates of 78.8%, 75.7%, and 31.2%, respectively. Integrated management targets (HbA1c <7.5%, hypertension, and lipids) were achieved by 40.1%.
Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus remains highly prevalent among Korean adults, with significant gaps in integrated glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Older adults with diabetes show higher awareness and treatment rates but limited integrated management outcomes. Young adults with diabetes bear a significant burden of obesity and comorbidities, alongside low awareness and treatment rates. Therefore, early intervention programs, education, and strategies tailored to younger populations are urgently required.

Citations

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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Association of Uterine Leiomyoma with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Young Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study: Ji-Hee Sung, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1105-1113. Published online August 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0444

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
We investigated the association between uterine leiomyoma (UL) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young women.
Methods
A nationwide population-based cohort study of 2,541,550 women aged between 20 and 40 years was performed using the National Health Information Database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the risk of incident T2DM according to the presence of UL and myomectomy.
Results
The mean age was 29.70 years, and mean body mass index was 21.31 kg/m2. Among 2,541,550 participants, 18,375 (0.72%) women had UL. During a median 7.45 years of follow-up, 23,829 women (0.94%) were diagnosed with T2DM. The incidence of T2DM in women with UL (1.805/1,000 person-years) was higher than in those without UL (1.289/1,000 person-years). Compared with women without UL, women with UL had a higher risk of incident T2DM (hazard ratio, 1.216; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.071 to 1.382). Women with UL who did not undergo myomectomy had a 1.505 times (95% CI, 1.297 to 1.748) higher risk for incident T2DM than women without UL. However, women with UL who underwent myomectomy did not have increased risk for incident T2DM.
Conclusion
Young women with UL were associated with a high risk of incident T2DM. In addition, myomectomy seemed to attenuate the risk for incident T2DM in young women with UL.

Complications
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Undiagnosed Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study: Han Na Jang, Min Kyong Moon, Bo Kyung Koo; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(4):620-629. Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0099

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Background
We investigated the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with undiagnosed diabetes through a nationwide survey, compared to those with known diabetes.
Methods
Among the participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2017 to 2018, individuals aged ≥40 years with diabetes and fundus exam results were enrolled. Sampling weights were applied to represent the entire Korean population. Newly detected diabetes patients through KNHANES were classified under “undiagnosed diabetes.”
Results
Among a total of 9,108 participants aged ≥40 years, 951 were selected for analysis. Of them, 31.3% (standard error, ±2.0%) were classified under “undiagnosed diabetes.” The prevalence of DR in patients with known and undiagnosed diabetes was 24.5%±2.0% and 10.7%±2.2%, respectively (P<0.001). The DR prevalence increased with rising glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with known and undiagnosed diabetes (P for trend=0.001 in both). Among those with undiagnosed diabetes, the prevalence of DR was 6.9%±2.1%, 8.0%±3.4%, 5.6%±5.7%, 16.7%±9.4%, and 42.6%±14.8% for HbA1c levels of <7.0%, 7.0%–7.9%, 8.0%–8.9%, 9.0%–9.9%, and ≥10.0% respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or obesity according to the presence or absence of DR.
Conclusion
About one-third of patients with diabetes were unaware of their diabetes, and 10% of them have already developed DR. Considering increasing the prevalence of DR according to HbA1c level was found in patients with undiagnosed diabetes like those with known diabetes, screening and early detection of diabetes and DR are important.

Citations

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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Korean Children, Adolescents, and Adults Younger than 30 Years: Changes from 2002 to 2016: Yong Hee Hong, In-Hyuk Chung, Kyungdo Han, Sochung Chung, on Behalf of the Taskforce Team of the Obesity Fact Sheet of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):297-306. Published online October 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0038

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Background
Despite the importance of and social concern regarding prevention of diabetes at younger ages, limited data are available. This study sought to analyze changes in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Koreans younger than 30 years according to sex, age, and level of income.
Methods
The dataset analyzed in this study was derived from health insurance claims recorded in the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Participants’ level of income was categorized as low (quintile 1, <20% of insurance premium) or others (quintile 2–5).
Results
In males and females, the prevalence of T2DM per 10,000 people steadily increased from 2.57 in 2002 to 11.41 in 2016, and from 1.96 in 2002 to 8.63 in 2016. The prevalence of T2DM in girls was higher in the age group of 5 to 14 years. Even though the prevalence was higher among those older than 20 years, the increase had started earlier, in the early 2000s, in younger age group. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in low-income families showed a remarkable increase in prevalence of T2DM, especially in boys.
Conclusion
The prevalence of T2DM in young Koreans increased more than 4.4-fold from 2002 to 2016, and the increase started in the early 2000s in younger age groups and in low-income families. This is the first study to examine the trend in prevalence of T2DM in children, adolescents, and young adults in Korea. Future studies and collaborations with social support systems to prevent T2DM at an early age group should be performed.

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젊은 2형 당뇨병 환자의 관리
재현 배
Public Health Weekly Report.2022; 15(35): 2474. CrossRef

Lifestyle
Persistent Anxiety Is Associated with Higher Glycemia Post-Transition to Adult Services in Asian Young Adults with Diabetes: Ling Zhu, Suresh Rama Chandran, Wee Boon Tan, Xiaohui Xin, Su-Yen Goh, Daphne Su-Lyn Gardner; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):67-76. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0226

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

There is little longitudinal information on psychological burden and metabolic outcomes in young adults with diabetes (YAD) in Asia. We aimed to evaluate the association between psychological status and glycemia at baseline and 2 years following transition in a cohort of YAD in Singapore.

Methods

Subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), aged 17 to 25 years, were recruited from the YAD clinic in Singapore General Hospital. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression and Problem Areas for Diabetes scales were administered at transition (baseline) and at 18 to 24 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assessed during routine visits was tracked longitudinally.

Results

A total of 98 T1DM (74.8%) and 33 T2DM (25.2%) subjects were recruited between January 2011 and November 2017. At baseline, mean HbA1c was 8.6%±1.7%. Only 26.0% achieved HbA1c of ≤7.5% and 16.8% achieved HbA1c of <7%. At baseline, prevalence of anxiety was 29.8%. At 24 months, 14.1% had persistent anxiety. Those with persistent anxiety had the highest mean HbA1c, particularly at 6 months (persistently anxious vs. persistently non-anxious: 9.9%±1.2% vs. 8.2%±1.9%, P=0.009). At baseline, 9.2% of subjects had depression. This group also had poorer glycemia at baseline (HbA1c of depressed vs non-depressed: 9.6%±2.1% vs. 8.5%±1.6%, P=0.04), which persisted up to 24 months.

Conclusion

The majority of YAD in Singapore have suboptimal glycemia. Psychological distress is a critical harbinger of poorer metabolic outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Beyond Glycaemia
Suresh Rama Chandran, Gilbert Soh Keng Keat, Nur Nasyitah Binte Mohamed Salim, Xiaohui Xin, Gek Hsiang Lim, Daphne Gardner, Su-Yen Goh
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Navigating Transition to Adult Care in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Facilitators, Attitudes, Barriers, and Behaviors
Sophia Beth Glaros, Sydney Annemarie Dixon, Noemi Malandrino, Faith Suzanne Davis, Aruba Chowdhury, Ila Nikki Kacker, Natalie Ann Macheret, Samson Levy Cantor, Geethika Thota, Lilian Mabundo, Catherine Mason Gordon, Marissa Lightbourne, Doris Elizabeth Es
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Transitioning to adult care in youth-onset diabetes: a scoping review of socio-ecological factors in youth-onset type 2 diabetes compared to type 1 diabetes
Assumpta O. Ude, Sydney A. Dixon, Sophia B. Glaros, Sue-Ann Arboine, Nancy L. Terry, Tomás Cabeza De Baca, Stephanie T. Chung
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Cost-Effectiveness of an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Compared to Standard Management of Type 1 Diabetes in a Singapore Setting
Daphne Gardner, Mrinmayee Lakkad, Zhiyu Qiu, Yuta Inoue, Suresh Rama Chandran, Kael Wherry
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2024; 26(5): 324. CrossRef
Impact of diabetes distress on glycemic control and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hye-Sun Park, Yongin Cho, Da Hea Seo, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, Young Ju Suh, Suk Chon, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Kwan Woo Lee, So Hun Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Interaction of Glycemia with Anxiety and Depression Is Related to Altered Cerebellar and Cerebral Functional Correlations
Grace E. Shearrer
Brain Sciences.2023; 13(7): 1086. CrossRef
The prevalence of anxiety in adult endocrinology outpatients: A systematic review and meta–analysis
Kelly Ann Kershaw, Ben Storer, Taylor Braund, Cassandra Chakouch, Matthew Coleshill, Sam Haffar, Samuel Harvey, Jill Newby, Gemma Sicouri, Michael Murphy
Psychoneuroendocrinology.2023; 158: 106357. CrossRef
Increased Levels of Serum Glycosylated Hemoglobin are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Population with Cancer (≥49 Years): An Antidepressant-Stratified Analysis
Ying Huang, Yilin Xu, Anwen Liu
Clinical Interventions in Aging.2021; Volume 16: 205. CrossRef
The Burden of Type 2 Diabetes and the Value of Achieving Near Normoglycemia from the Patient Perspective
Heather Gelhorn, Zaneta Balantac, Shraddha Shinde, Vivian Thuyanh Thieu, Kristina S. Boye
Diabetes Therapy.2021; 12(7): 1821. CrossRef

Epidemiology
Discrepancies between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Fasting Plasma Glucose for Diagnosing Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Youth and Young Adults: Jieun Lee, Young Ah Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Seong Yong Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(2):174-182. Published online November 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0046

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader

Background

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended as a diagnostic test for prediabetes and diabetes. Here, we evaluated the level of agreement between diagnoses based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) versus HbA1c levels and determined optimal HbA1c cutoff values for these diseases in youth and young adults.

Methods

The study included 7,332 subjects (n=4,129, aged 10 to 19 years in youth group; and n=3,203 aged 20 to 29 years in young adult group) from the 2011 to 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined as 100 to 125 mg/dL (impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) and ≥126 mg/dL for FPG (diabetes mellitus [DM] by FPG [DM_FPG]), and 5.7% to 6.4% and ≥6.5% for HbA1c, respectively.

Results

In the youth group, 32.5% with IFG had an HbA1c level of 5.7% to 6.4%, and 72.2% with DM_FPG had an HbA1c ≥6.5%. In the young adult group, 27.5% with IFG had an HbA1c level of 5.7% to 6.4%, and 66.6% with DM_FPG had an HbA1c ≥6.5%. Kappa coefficients for agreement between the FPG and HbA1c results were 0.12 for the youth group and 0.19 for the young adult group. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal HbA1c cutoff for IFG and DM_FPG were 5.6% and 5.9% in youths and 5.5% and 5.8% in young adults, respectively.

Conclusion

Usefulness of HbA1c for diagnosis of IFG and DM_FPG in Koreans aged <30 years remains to be determined due to discrepancies between the results of glucose- and HbA1c-based tests. Additional testing might be warranted at lower HbA1c levels to detect IFG and DM_FPG in this age group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinical utility of glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the screening and prediction of diabetes: A multi-center study
Kam-Ching Ku, Junda Zhong, Erfei Song, Carol Ho-Yi Fong, Karen Siu-Ling Lam, Aimin Xu, Chi-Ho Lee, Chloe Yu-Yan Cheung
World Journal of Diabetes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Artificial intelligence-based multiclass diabetes risk stratification for big data embedded with explainability: From machine learning to attention models
Ekta Tiwari, Siddharth Gupta, Anudeep Pavulla, Mustafa Al-Maini, Rajesh Singh, Esma R. Isenovic, Sumit Chaudhary, John L. Laird, Laura Mantella, Amer M. Johri, Luca Saba, Jasjit S. Suri
Biomedical Signal Processing and Control.2025; 106: 107672. CrossRef
Lower Dietary Magnesium Is Associated with a Higher Hemoglobin Glycation Index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Juan Chen, Song Lin, Xingzhou Wang, Xiwei Wang, Pengxia Gao
Biological Trace Element Research.2024; 202(3): 878. CrossRef
Glycemic traits and colorectal cancer survival in a cohort of South Korean patients: A Mendelian randomization analysis
So Yon Jun, Sooyoung Cho, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Seung Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Aesun Shin
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and clinical correlates of impaired fasting blood glucose in children and adolescents with depressive disorder and relationship with triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein ratio
Zhiwei Liu, Liang Sun, Feng Sun, Shu Cui, Yulong Zhang, Juan Wang, Zhaokun Zhang, Longlong Sun, Rongchun Yang, Gaofeng Yao, Yun Liu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations between HbA1c-derived estimated average glucose and fasting plasma glucose in patients with normal and abnormal hemoglobin patterns
Wilaiwan Sriwimol, Phattanapong Choosongsang, Pensiri Choosongsang, Warakorn Petkliang, Pittaya Treerut
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation.2022; 82(3): 192. CrossRef
Increasing prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years and its relationship with metabolic indicators: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (KNHANES), 2007–2018
Seung Eun Yoo, Ji Hyen Lee, Jung Won Lee, Hye Sook Park, Hye Ah Lee, Hae Soon Kim
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 27(1): 60. CrossRef
Differences in Clinical Indicators of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia Among Workers Who Worked Long Hours and Shift Work
EunKyo Kang
Workplace Health & Safety.2021; 69(6): 268. CrossRef
Practice Patterns in the Acceptance of Medically Complex Living Kidney Donors with Obesity, Hypertension, Family History of Kidney Disease, or Donor-Recipient Age Discrepancy
Ziad Arabi, Muhammad Bukhari, Abdullah Hamad, Abdulrahman Altheaby, Saleh Kaysi
Avicenna Journal of Medicine.2021; 11(04): 172. CrossRef
Endocrine comorbidities of pediatric obesity
Jieun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(12): 619. CrossRef
Association between handgrip strength and cardiovascular risk factors among Korean adolescents
Kyoung Kon Kim, Kyu Rae Lee, In Cheol Hwang
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 33(9): 1213. CrossRef
Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular events and specific comorbidity in very high-risk hypertensive patients
O. Ya. Korolyuk, O. M. Radchenko
The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal.2020; 92(2): 8. CrossRef
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Metabolic Changes in Adults with Obesity
Stanisław Głuszek, Arkadiusz Bociek, Edyta Suliga, Jarosław Matykiewicz, Magdalena Kołomańska, Piotr Bryk, Przemysław Znamirowski, Łukasz Nawacki, Martyna Głuszek-Osuch, Iwona Wawrzycka, Dorota Kozieł
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(15): 5342. CrossRef
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O. Ya. Korolyuk
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