Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate in Korean Patients with Diabetes

Eun Hae Lee; Chul Woo Ahn

doi:10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.578

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Diabetes Metab J > Volume 35(6); 2011 > Article

Editorial Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate in Korean Patients with Diabetes: Eun Hae Lee, Chul Woo Ahn; Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2011;35(6):578-579.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.578
Published online: December 26, 2011

65,535 Views
34 Download
1 Crossref
1 Scopus

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chul Woo Ahn. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-92 Dogok 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea. acw@yuhs.ac

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Full Article

Download PDF

NOTES
REFERENCES

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking are all factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes [1]. Among them, one of the most important risk factors is dyslipidemia.

Among lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is the most important predicting factors for cardiovascular disease, and many large-scale studies have been ongoing for many years to determine the target value for LDL-C treatment [2]. Since the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients is higher than that in healthy, the target LDL-C value in diabetes patients has been emphasized as being even more important than other metrics [3]. When the recommended LDL-C treatment goals of the 2003 Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the 2008 American Diabetes Association (ADA) released consensus with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) [4] and the dyslipidemia treatment goal guidelines in accordance with the 2011 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Arteriosclerosis (ESA) were examined, recent trends generally call for more aggressive LDL-C reduction than what has been seen in previous guidelines particularly in the patient group with the highest risk, where an LDL-C target value less than 70 mg/dL is encouraged [5]. Based on the ESC and the ESA guidelines, cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney disease, and target organ damage are all included in the highest risk factors for the diabetes group. Even when diabetes is the only risk factor, the target value for LDL-C is recommended to be less than 70 mg/dL [5].

The LDL-C treatment target values have gradually been getting more aggressive all over the world. Although the changes in these values are aggressive, there is no set guideline for LDL-C treatment target values in Koreans, specifically Koreans who have diabetes. There are also very few studies that show the actual level of success of dyslipidemia treatment according to this guideline or how effectively the treatment target value is achieved (achievement rate). Hwang et al. [6] performed a study on diabetes patients over 18 years of age who were receiving treatment for hyperlipidemia. Research was conducted on the difference between the achievement rate of actual treatment target value of LDL-C and recognition rate of target values by medical personnel (expected achievement rate). Among the patients who had received treatment, 35.9% (approximately 1/3 of the total participants) reached the actual LDL-C target value, while that the expected achievement rate was reported in 70.6% of the total participants. In addition, even when lipid levels did not reach the target value, 65.3% of patients were receiving the same statin dosage as when the treatment was started. The authors felt that these results were due to a lack of recognition of the target lipid values by the medical personnel. So, in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in Korean diabetes patients and in order for LDL-C treatment goals to be reached, they proposed that the recognition standards of the medical personnel be changed [6].

A limitation to this study is that they did not consider whether participants performed any sort of diet or exercise, and drug compliance was also not considered. In actual clinical practice, it could easily be seen that lipid levels did not reach the target values, and clinicians were able to provide adequate care. In particular, in diabetes patients at relatively high risk for cardiovascular disease, statin dosage is increased, being able to reach the target value is the most feasible basis. In the future, even when patients receive treatment, prospective studies regarding the difficulty to reach the lipid target value (due to the low success rate) are required. In addition, during dyslipidemia treatment, statin drug therapy is not the only treatment method used; diet management and exercise are often combined with the treatment process. Additional studies on other positive effects, the need for education, and effectiveness of these treatments will be very helpful in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

NOTES

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

REFERENCES

1. Webb DR, Khunti K, Gray LJ, Srinivasan BT, Farooqi A, Wareham N, Griffin SC, Davies MJ. for the ADDITION-Leicester study group. Intensive multifactorial intervention improves modelled 5-year coronary heart disease risk in screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med Epub 2011 Sep 13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03441.x..
2. Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Berg K, Haghfelt T, Faergeman O, Faergeman G, Pyorala K, Miettinen T, Wilhelmsen L, Olsson AG, Wedel H. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Atheroscler Suppl 2004;5:81-87. Article PubMed
3. Almdal T, Scharling H, Jensen JS, Vestergaard H. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke, and death: a population-based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1422-1426. Article PubMed
4. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB Jr, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, Pasternak RC, Smith SC Jr, Stone NJ. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. American College of Cardiology Foundation. American Heart Association. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004;110:227-239. Article PubMed
5. European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs R, Kjekshus J, Filardi PP, Riccardi G, Storey RF, Wood D, Bax J, Vahanian A, Auricchio A, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hobbs R, Hoes A, Kearney P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Poldermans D, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vardas P, Widimsky P, Windecker S, Funck-Brentano C, Poldermans D, Berkenboom G, De Graaf J, Descamps O, Gotcheva N, Griffith K, Guida GF, Gulec S, Henkin Y, Huber K, Kesaniemi YA, Lekakis J, Manolis AJ, Marques-Vidal P, Masana L, McMurray J, Mendes M, Pagava Z, Pedersen T, Prescott E, Rato Q, Rosano G, Sans S, Stalenhoef A, Tokgozoglu L, Viigimaa M, Wittekoek ME, Zamorano JL. ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) 2008-2010 and 2010-2012 Committees. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011;32:1769-1818. Article PubMed
6. Hwang JY, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Park CY, Kim SR, Yoon KH, Lee MK, Park SW, Park JY. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol target goal attainment rate and physicians' perceptions about target goal achievement in Korean patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:628-636.Article PubMed PMC

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trends in the management levels of metabolic risk factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2014
Sukyung Cho, Haeun Jang, Kyong Park, Stefan Kiechl
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0189361. CrossRef

PubReader

Cite

CITE: export Copy Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate in Korean Patients with Diabetes

Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(6):578-579. Published online December 26, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.578

XML Download

Related articles