1Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
3Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
4Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Copyright © 2020 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS:
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or percentage.
KOGES, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; PCE-WH, Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic whites; PCE-AA, Pooled Cohort Equations for African Americans; FRS-CVD, Framingham Global Cardiovascular Risk Score; KRPM, Korean Risk Prediction Model; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; NA, not applicable.
aDemographic characteristics of the PCE-WH and PCE-AA cohorts were calculated as weighted averages and pooled standard deviations based on data from Supplementary Table 2, bThe KRPM data were not included in the analysis.
KOGES, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; PCE-WH, Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic whites; PCE-AA, Pooled Cohort Equations for African Americans; FRS-CVD, Framingham Global Cardiovascular Risk Score; KRPM, Korean Risk Prediction Model.
aDiscordance is defined as (predicted risk–observed risk)/observed risk×100.
Characteristic | KOGES | PCE-WHa | PCE-AAa | FRS-CVD | KRPM | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | 3,778 | 9,098 | 1,647 | 3,969 | 119,715 | |
Age, yr | 51.3±8.6 | 56.2±6.5 | 55.4±5.6 | 48.5±10.8 | 50.1±7.9 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 192±36 | 211±38 | 208±43 | 213±39 | 197±35 | <0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 44±10 | 44±12 | 51±17 | 45±12 | 48±11 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 125±17 | 124±16 | 129±20 | 130±18 | 125±18 | <0.001 |
BP treatment, % | 8.5 | 16.9 | 31.2 | 10.1 | NA | <0.001b |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 7.8 | 8.8 | 15.9 | 6.5 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
Current smoker, % | 48.1 | 25.5 | 35.5 | 35.2 | 49.4 | <0.001 |
Women | 4,154 | 11,240 | 2,641 | 4,522 | 80,295 | |
Age, yr | 52.4±9.0 | 56.8±6.5 | 55.3±5.4 | 49.1±11.1 | 51.8±8.1 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 191±35 | 221±41 | 214±44 | 215±44 | 201±37 | <0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 46±10 | 58±16 | 59±17 | 58±15 | 54±13 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 124±20 | 121±18 | 127±20 | 126±20 | 125±20 | <0.001 |
BP treatment, % | 13.1 | 18.5 | 40.8 | 11.8 | NA | <0.001b |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 6.0 | 6.3 | 17.4 | 3.8 | 7.4 | <0.001 |
Current smoker, % | 3.4 | 24.9 | 22.7 | 34.2 | 4.5 | <0.001 |
Variable | Predicted risk, % | Observed risk, % (n) | Absolute difference | Discordance, %a | C-statistic | Calibration | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 statistic | P value | ||||||
Men (n=3,778) | |||||||
PCE-WH | 8.51 | 8.05 (305) | 0.46 | 6 | 0.731 | 10.59 | 0.226 |
PCE-AA | 9.13 | 8.05 (305) | 1.08 | 13 | 0.730 | 17.13 | 0.029 |
FRS-CVD | 15.34 | 8.05 (305) | 7.29 | 91 | 0.730 | 177.71 | <0.001 |
KRPM | 5.55 | 8.05 (305) | -2.50 | -31 | 0.735 | 58.39 | <0.001 |
Women (n=4,154) | |||||||
PCE-WH | 3.58 | 7.05 (293) | -3.47 | -49 | 0.726 | 258.62 | <0.001 |
PCE-AA | 5.29 | 7.05 (293) | -1.76 | -25 | 0.732 | 107.08 | <0.001 |
FRS-CVD | 7.23 | 7.05 (293) | 0.18 | 3 | 0.726 | 24.70 | 0.002 |
KRPM | 4.85 | 7.05 (293) | -2.20 | -31 | 0.729 | 67.27 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or percentage. KOGES, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; PCE-WH, Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic whites; PCE-AA, Pooled Cohort Equations for African Americans; FRS-CVD, Framingham Global Cardiovascular Risk Score; KRPM, Korean Risk Prediction Model; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; NA, not applicable. aDemographic characteristics of the PCE-WH and PCE-AA cohorts were calculated as weighted averages and pooled standard deviations based on data from
KOGES, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; PCE-WH, Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic whites; PCE-AA, Pooled Cohort Equations for African Americans; FRS-CVD, Framingham Global Cardiovascular Risk Score; KRPM, Korean Risk Prediction Model. aDiscordance is defined as (predicted risk–observed risk)/observed risk×100.