Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
Copyright © 2020 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Study | Study design; population and sample size; f/u periods if applicable | Adjustments considered | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|
Handberg et al. (2012) [73] | Multicenter cross-sectional study; nondiabetic subjects (n=1,296) | Study center, age, sex, smoking, alcohol, and glucose tolerance status | Plasma sCD36 is associated with insulin resistance, carotid atherosclerosis and fatty liver. |
Handberg et al. (2006) [74] | Cross-sectional study; healthy lean (n=10), healthy obese (n=11), and obese T2DM (n=10) | NA | Plasma sCD36 is associated with insulin resistance and glycemic control. |
Glintborg et al. (2008) [75] | Prospective cohort study; reproductive age women with PCOS (n=30); 16weeks | NA | Pioglitazone treatment reduced plasma sCD36 and improved insulin sensitivity. |
Wang et al. (2009) [76] | Prospective cohort study; community-based subjects (n=575); from baseline (2005–2007) to first f/u (2010–2012) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, education, and diabetes | Plasma sCD36 is associated with adiposity (both subcutaneous and visceral), but not with liver fat content or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
Kim et al. (2017) [77] | Cross-sectional study; normal glucose tolerance (n=34), prediabetes (n=46), and T2DM (n=75) | Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, non-HDL-C, and hs-CRP | Plasma sCD36 index (ln [sCD36 (pg/mL)× FPG (mg/dL)/2]) is associated with the prevalence of T2DM. |
Pardina et al. (2017) [79] | Observational study; obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery (n=32); 12 months | NA | Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss downregulated hepatic CD36 expression |
Botha et al. (2018) [80] | Observational study; obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery (n=20); 3 months | NA | Bariatric surgery reduced the levels of CD36-bearing microvesicles of monocyte and endothelial origin. |
Al Dubayee et al. (2018) [81] | Cross-sectional study; healthy lean (n=30), obese (n=30), obese newly diagnosed T2DM (n=20) and obese T2DM on metformin (n=30) | NA | mRNA expression of CD36 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased in T2DM subjects, and metformin treatment reverted CD36 to levels comparable to lean subjects. |
Shiju et al. (2015) [82] | Cross-sectional study; normal glucose tolerance (n=20), T2DM with normoal-buminuria (n=20) microalbuminuria (n=20), and macroalbuminuria (n=20) | NA | Urine and plasma sCD36 is associated with diabetic nephropathy. |
Castelblanco et al. (2019) [83] | Cross-sectional study; nondiabetic (n=522), T1DM (n=255), and T2DM (n=276) | Age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hematocrit, platelets | Plasma sCD36 showed only a weak association with T2DM and no association with T1DM |
Wang et al. (2020) [84] | Case-cohort study; T2DM cases (n=648) and randomly selected sub-cohort subjects (n=1,724); from baseline (1993– 1997) to 2011 | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and education | Plasma sCD36 is associated with T2DM risk, but not independent of adiposity. |
Jiang et al. (2017) [85] | Cross-sectional study; T2DM subjects (n=357) | Age, sex, education, duration of T2DM, and hypertension | Plasma sCD36 is associated with carotid IMT in T2DM. |
Handberg et al. (2008) [86] | Cross-sectional study; subjects with high-grade internal carotid stenosis (n=62) | NA | Plasma sCD36 is increased in patients with symptomatic or instable carotid plaques. |
Wang et al. (2018) [87] | Case-cohort study; incident CHD cases (n=1,963) and non-cases (n=1,759); from baseline (1993–1997) to 2008 | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, education, self-reported hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. | Plasma sCD36 is not associated with CHD risk in the total population. |
f/u, follow-up; sCD36, soluble cluster determinant 36; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NA, not applicable; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; IMT, intima-media thickness; CHD, coronary heart disease.
Study | Study design; population and sample size; f/u periods if applicable | Adjustments considered | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|
Handberg et al. (2012) [ | Multicenter cross-sectional study; nondiabetic subjects (n=1,296) | Study center, age, sex, smoking, alcohol, and glucose tolerance status | Plasma sCD36 is associated with insulin resistance, carotid atherosclerosis and fatty liver. |
Handberg et al. (2006) [ | Cross-sectional study; healthy lean (n=10), healthy obese (n=11), and obese T2DM (n=10) | NA | Plasma sCD36 is associated with insulin resistance and glycemic control. |
Glintborg et al. (2008) [ | Prospective cohort study; reproductive age women with PCOS (n=30); 16weeks | NA | Pioglitazone treatment reduced plasma sCD36 and improved insulin sensitivity. |
Wang et al. (2009) [ | Prospective cohort study; community-based subjects (n=575); from baseline (2005–2007) to first f/u (2010–2012) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, education, and diabetes | Plasma sCD36 is associated with adiposity (both subcutaneous and visceral), but not with liver fat content or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
Kim et al. (2017) [ | Cross-sectional study; normal glucose tolerance (n=34), prediabetes (n=46), and T2DM (n=75) | Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, non-HDL-C, and hs-CRP | Plasma sCD36 index (ln [sCD36 (pg/mL)× FPG (mg/dL)/2]) is associated with the prevalence of T2DM. |
Pardina et al. (2017) [ | Observational study; obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery (n=32); 12 months | NA | Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss downregulated hepatic CD36 expression |
Botha et al. (2018) [ | Observational study; obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery (n=20); 3 months | NA | Bariatric surgery reduced the levels of CD36-bearing microvesicles of monocyte and endothelial origin. |
Al Dubayee et al. (2018) [ | Cross-sectional study; healthy lean (n=30), obese (n=30), obese newly diagnosed T2DM (n=20) and obese T2DM on metformin (n=30) | NA | mRNA expression of CD36 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased in T2DM subjects, and metformin treatment reverted CD36 to levels comparable to lean subjects. |
Shiju et al. (2015) [ | Cross-sectional study; normal glucose tolerance (n=20), T2DM with normoal-buminuria (n=20) microalbuminuria (n=20), and macroalbuminuria (n=20) | NA | Urine and plasma sCD36 is associated with diabetic nephropathy. |
Castelblanco et al. (2019) [ | Cross-sectional study; nondiabetic (n=522), T1DM (n=255), and T2DM (n=276) | Age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hematocrit, platelets | Plasma sCD36 showed only a weak association with T2DM and no association with T1DM |
Wang et al. (2020) [ | Case-cohort study; T2DM cases (n=648) and randomly selected sub-cohort subjects (n=1,724); from baseline (1993– 1997) to 2011 | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and education | Plasma sCD36 is associated with T2DM risk, but not independent of adiposity. |
Jiang et al. (2017) [ | Cross-sectional study; T2DM subjects (n=357) | Age, sex, education, duration of T2DM, and hypertension | Plasma sCD36 is associated with carotid IMT in T2DM. |
Handberg et al. (2008) [ | Cross-sectional study; subjects with high-grade internal carotid stenosis (n=62) | NA | Plasma sCD36 is increased in patients with symptomatic or instable carotid plaques. |
Wang et al. (2018) [ | Case-cohort study; incident CHD cases (n=1,963) and non-cases (n=1,759); from baseline (1993–1997) to 2008 | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, education, self-reported hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. | Plasma sCD36 is not associated with CHD risk in the total population. |
f/u, follow-up; sCD36, soluble cluster determinant 36; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NA, not applicable; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; IMT, intima-media thickness; CHD, coronary heart disease.