1Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
2Oxford Institute of Nursing & Allied Health Research, Oxford, UK.
3Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
4NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
5Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Copyright © 2018 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Oxford Brookes University hold UK, EU, and USA Patent (PCT/GB2009/051767) on the methods used to transpose and integrate data inertial data. Patrick Esser, Johnny Collett, and Helen Dawes are inventors on patent.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation (range).
DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; BMI, body mass index; RMI, rivermead mobility index.
aDelta (between group difference; DPN-Control) reported with P value of independent samples t-test or for nominal data P value for chi-sqaure statistic reported.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; ROC-AUC, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve; CI, confidence interval.
aIndependent samples t-test probability value, coefficient reported, with 95% confidence intervals, bReceiver operating characteristic probability value.
Demographic | DPN (n=17) | Control (n=42) | Deltaa (P value) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 63±9 (46–81) | 61±4 (54–72) | 2±2 (0.307) |
Sex, male:female | 14:3 | 30:12 | X2 (0.883) |
Height, m | 1.78±0.9 (1.56–1.91) | 1.77±0.9 (1.49–1.93) | 0±0 (0.882) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 33.6±7.6 (24.1–51.7) | 31.6±3.9 (25.1–44.6) | 2.0±1.9 (0.320) |
Time since diagnosis diabetes | 24±13 (3–49) | - | - |
Barthel index | 19±1 (15–20) | - | - |
RMI | 13±2 (9–15) | - | - |
Gait parameter | DPN | Control | P valuea | ROC-AUC (95%CI) | ROC P valueb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spatiotemporal | |||||
Step time, msec | 650±117 | 543±47 | 0.002 | 0.804 (0.657–0.950) | >0.001 |
Stride length, m | 1.33±0.16 | 1.41±0.17 | 0.066 | 0.632 (0.466–0.799) | 0.114 |
Cadence, steps/min | 95±16 | 112±10 | 0.001 | 0.797 (0.650–0.944) | >0.001 |
Walking speed, m/sec | 0.85±0.23 | 1.34±0.18 | >0.001 | 0.975 (0.943–1.000) | >0.001 |
Control | |||||
Beta | 27±10 | 34±10 | 0.014 | 0.735 (0.600–0.870) | 0.005 |
SDa | 1.98±0.36 | 3.91±1.99 | >0.001 | 0.849 (0.748–0.950) | >0.001 |
SDb | 0.56±0.14 | 0.91±0.56 | >0.001 | 0.667 (0.533–0.800) | 0.046 |
Ratio | 3.67±0.94 | 4.86±2.30 | 0.044 | 0.782 (0.649–0.914) | 0.001 |
Walk ratio | 7.2±1.1 | 6.4±1.0 | 0.012 | 0.696 (0.551–0.841) | 0.019 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation (range). DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; BMI, body mass index; RMI, rivermead mobility index. aDelta (between group difference; DPN-Control) reported with P value of independent samples
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; ROC-AUC, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve; CI, confidence interval. aIndependent samples t-test probability value, coefficient reported, with 95% confidence intervals, bReceiver operating characteristic probability value.