1Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
4Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
5Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
7Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
8Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Diabetes Association
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Variable | Number | Percentage±SE | Estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Age group, yr | |||
≥19 | |||
FPG or HbA1c |
5,612 | 13.9±0.6 | 6,101,158 |
FPG | 5,613 | 12.2±0.5 | 5,327,384 |
≥30 | |||
FPG or HbA1c |
4,848 | 16.7±0.7 | 6,047,618 |
FPG | 4,849 | 14.5±0.6 | 5,273,844 |
≥65 | |||
FPG or HbA1c |
1,545 | 30.1±1.3 | 2,450,207 |
FPG | 1,546 | 27.0±1.2 | 2,202,928 |
19–29 |
764 | 0.7±0.3 | 53,540 |
30–39 |
734 | 4.4±0.8 | 314,033 |
40–49 |
936 | 9.0±1.1 | 740,264 |
50–59 |
1,025 | 19.1±1.4 | 1,636,363 |
60–69 |
1,068 | 25.1±1.6 | 1,626,599 |
≥70 |
1,085 | 31.5±1.6 | 1,730,360 |
Sex |
|||
Men | |||
Age ≥19 yr | 2,516 | 15.8±0.9 | 3,417,978 |
Age ≥30 yr | 2,135 | 19.2±1.0 | 3,393,466 |
Age ≥65 yr | 671 | 29.8±2.1 | 1,109,812 |
Women | |||
Age ≥19 yr | 3,096 | 12.1±0.7 | 3,212,364 |
Age ≥30 yr | 2,713 | 14.3±0.8 | 3,187,148 |
Age ≥65 yr | 874 | 30.2±1.5 | 1,459,697 |
Equivalized household income |
|||
Quintile 1 (lowest) | 752 | 30.8±2.0 | - |
Quintile 2 | 911 | 22.1±1.7 | - |
Quintile 3 | 981 | 14.3±1.3 | - |
Quintile 4 | 1,084 | 12.9±1.1 | - |
Quintile 5 (highest) | 1,104 | 12.3±1.1 | - |
Variable | Total diabetes mellitus |
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percentage±SE | Number | Percentage±SE | |
Awareness or detection |
||||
Age, yr | ||||
≥30 | 1,770 | 65.8±1.4 | - | - |
≥65 | 914 | 76.4±1.5 | - | - |
Sex | ||||
Men | 1,225 | 62.6±1.9 | - | - |
Women | 1,168 | 69.7±1.8 | - | - |
Treatment rate |
||||
Age, yr | ||||
≥30 | 1,770 | 61.4±1.5 | 1,202 | 93.4±1.0 |
≥65 | 914 | 73.3±1.6 | 694 | 95.9±0.8 |
Sex | ||||
Men | 899 | 57.1±2.1 | 589 | 91.2±1.7 |
Women | 871 | 66.8±1.8 | 613 | 95.8±0.8 |
Control rate |
||||
Age, yr | ||||
≥30 | 1,770 | 24.5±1.2 | 1,202 | 26.8±1.4 |
≥65 | 914 | 28.3±1.7 | 694 | 31.3±2.0 |
Sex | ||||
Men | 899 | 24.4±1.6 | 589 | 25.3±2.0 |
Women | 871 | 24.5±1.7 | 613 | 28.5±2.0 |
Variable | Total | Men | Women |
---|---|---|---|
HbA1c | |||
<6.5% | 24.5 | 24.4 | 24.5 |
<7.0% | 55.6 | 55.0 | 56.3 |
<8.0% | 80.5 | 79.5 | 81.7 |
<9.0% | 89.9 | 89.3 | 90.5 |
Hypertension |
58.6 | 57.9 | 59.5 |
BP <140/85 mm Hg | 55.5 | 51.7 | 60.2 |
Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia |
76.5 | 73.3 | 80.5 |
LDL-C <100 mg/dL | 38.3 | 36.1 | 40.9 |
Hypertension |
43.9 | 41.9 | 46.4 |
HbA1c <6.5% +BP <140/85 mm Hg + LDL-C <100 mg/dL | 9.7 | 11.0 | 8.1 |
Weight status (BMI, kg/m2) | |||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
Normal weight (18.5–22.9) | 20.7 | 18.2 | 23.8 |
Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 23.1 | 23.7 | 22.4 |
Class I obesity (25.0–29.9) | 41.3 | 43.5 | 38.5 |
Class II obesity (30.0–34.9) | 11.2 | 11.0 | 11.4 |
Class III obesity (≥35.0) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Abdominal obesity (WC, cm) | |||
No (<90 in men, <85 in women) | 36.7 | 37.8 | 35.4 |
Yes (≥90 in men, ≥85 in women) | 63.3 | 62.2 | 64.6 |
Current smoking |
22.3 | 36.0 | 5.0 |
High-risk alcohol consumption |
22.8 | 31.1 | 4.2 |
Regular walking |
38.1 | 37.2 | 39.4 |
Variable | Total diabetes mellitus | Diagnosed diabetes mellitus | Non- diabetes mellitus | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total energy intake, kcal | 1,825 | 1,785 | 1,911 | 0.009 |
Men | 2,127 | 2,111 | 2,251 | 0.013 |
Women | 1,439 | 1,402 | 1,596 | <0.001 |
Excess energy intake, % |
16.7 | 15.8 | 16.9 | 0.914 |
Men | 19.5 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 0.637 |
Women | 13.2 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 0.827 |
Percentages of energy intake from macronutrients | ||||
Carbohydrates, % | 66.3 | 66.8 | 62.4 | <0.001 |
Men | 64.5 | 64.7 | 61.5 | <0.001 |
Women | 68.6 | 69.2 | 63.3 | <0.001 |
Protein, % | 15.0 | 14.8 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
Men | 15.5 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 0.008 |
Women | 14.3 | 14.0 | 15.1 | <0.001 |
Fat, % | 18.7 | 18.4 | 22.0 | <0.001 |
Men | 20.0 | 19.8 | 22.4 | <0.001 |
Women | 17.1 | 16.9 | 21.6 | <0.001 |
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SE, standard error; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin. Diabetes mellitus was defined by FPG or HbA1c criteria, Data were analyzed among adults aged 30 years or older.
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SE, standard error. Awareness of diabetes mellitus was defined as the percentage of people previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus among people with diabetes mellitus, Treatment rate of diabetes mellitus was defined as the percentage of people taking antidiabetic medications among people with diabetes mellitus, Control rate of diabetes mellitus was defined as the percentage of people with glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5% among people with diabetes mellitus.
Values are presented as percentages. KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications, Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia was defined as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL or taking lipid-lowering medications, Current smoking was defined as having smoked five packs (or 100 cigarettes) in his or her lifetime and currently smoking cigarettes, High-risk alcohol consumption was defined as more than seven drinks twice a week for men and more than five for women, Regular walking was defined as a minimum of 30 minutes a day of walking five or more days per week.
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Excess energy intake was defined as 125% or more of the estimated energy requirement recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015 [