1. Tuttle KR, Bakris GL, Bilous RW, Chiang JL, de Boer IH, Goldstein-Fuchs J, et al. Diabetic kidney disease: a report from an ADA Consensus Conference. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2864-83.
Article PubMed PMC
2. Tervaert TW, Mooyaart AL, Amann K, Cohen AH, Cook HT, Drachenberg CB, et al. Pathologic classification of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;21:556-63.
Article PubMed
3. Yokoyama H, Sone H, Oishi M, Kawai K, Fukumoto Y, Kobayashi M, et al. Prevalence of albuminuria and renal insufficiency and associated clinical factors in type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management study (JDDM15). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:1212-9.
Article PubMed
4. Afkarian M, Zelnick LR, Hall YN, Heagerty PJ, Tuttle K, Weiss NS, et al. Clinical manifestations of kidney disease among us adults with diabetes, 1988-2014. JAMA 2016;316:602-10.
Article PubMed PMC
5. Hirakawa Y, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Mechanisms of metabolic memory and renal hypoxia as a therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2017;8:261-71.
Article PubMed PMC
6. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001;414:813-20.
Article PubMed
7. Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, Bompoint S, Heerspink HJ, Charytan DM, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2019;380:2295-306.
Article PubMed
8. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2643-53.
Article PubMed PMC
9. Chalmers J, Cooper ME. UKPDS and the legacy effect. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1618-20.
Article PubMed
10. Ceriello A. Hypothesis: the “metabolic memory”, the new challenge of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;86 Suppl 1:S2-6.
Article PubMed
11. Reddy MA, Zhang E, Natarajan R. Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications and metabolic memory. Diabetologia 2015;58:443-55.
Article PubMed
12. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1456-62.
Article PubMed
13. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9.
Article PubMed
14. Pohl MA, Blumenthal S, Cordonnier DJ, De Alvaro F, Deferrari G, Eisner G, et al. Independent and additive impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal outcomes in the irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial: clinical implications and limitations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3027-37.
Article PubMed
15. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:870-8.
Article PubMed
16. Makino H, Haneda M, Babazono T, Moriya T, Ito S, Iwamoto Y, et al. Prevention of transition from incipient to overt nephropathy with telmisartan in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1577-8.
Article PubMed
17. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM; MicroAlbuminuria Reduction With VALsartan (MARVAL) Study Investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation 2002;106:672-8.
Article PubMed
18. Ruggenenti P, Fassi A, Ilieva AP, Bruno S, Iliev IP, Brusegan V, et al. Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1941-51.
Article PubMed
19. Haller H, Ito S, Izzo JL Jr, Januszewicz A, Katayama S, Menne J, et al. Olmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2011;364:907-17.
Article PubMed
20. Ali MK, Bullard KM, Saaddine JB, Cowie CC, Imperatore G, Gregg EW. Achievement of goals in U.S. diabetes care, 1999-2010. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1613-24.
Article PubMed
21. Jacobsen P, Andersen S, Rossing K, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system versus maximal recommended dose of ACE inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2003;63:1874-80.
Article PubMed
22. Mann JF, Schmieder RE, McQueen M, Dyal L, Schumacher H, Pogue J, et al. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:547-53.
Article PubMed
23. Fried LF, Emanuele N, Zhang JH, Brophy M, Conner TA, Duckworth W, et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1892-903.
Article PubMed
24. Patel S, Rauf A, Khan H, Abu-Izneid T. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS): the ubiquitous system for homeostasis and pathologies. Biomed Pharmacother 2017;94:317-25.
Article PubMed
25. Koszegi S, Molnar A, Lenart L, Hodrea J, Balogh DB, Lakat T, et al. RAAS inhibitors directly reduce diabetes-induced renal fibrosis via growth factor inhibition. J Physiol 2019;597:193-209.
Article PubMed
26. Kagami S, Border WA, Miller DE, Noble NA. Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor-beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2431-7.
Article PubMed PMC
27. Reese S, Vidyasagar A, Jacobson L, Acun Z, Esnault S, Hullett D, et al. The Pin 1 inhibitor juglone attenuates kidney fibrogenesis via Pin 1-independent mechanisms in the unilateral ureteral occlusion model. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2010;3:1.
Article PubMed PMC
28. Rincon-Choles H, Kasinath BS, Gorin Y, Abboud HE. Angiotensin II and growth factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl:2002;S8-11.
Article
29. Kang JS, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kim JH, Son SS, Cha SK, et al. Angiotensin II-mediated MYH9 downregulation causes structural and functional podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2019;9:7679.
Article PubMed PMC
30. Barrera-Chimal J, Girerd S, Jaisser F. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney diseases: pathophysiological basis. Kidney Int 2019;96:302-19.
Article PubMed
31. Hou J, Xiong W, Cao L, Wen X, Li A. Spironolactone add-on for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2015;37:2086-103.
Article PubMed
32. Williams GH, Burgess E, Kolloch RE, Ruilope LM, Niegowska J, Kipnes MS, et al. Efficacy of eplerenone versus enalapril as monotherapy in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:990-6.
Article PubMed
33. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Chan JC, Cooper ME, Gansevoort RT, Haller H, et al. Effect of finerenone on albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;314:884-94.
Article PubMed
35. Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Nowack C, et al. Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing kidney failure and disease progression in diabetic kidney disease trial. Am J Nephrol 2019;50:333-44.
Article PubMed PMC
36. Ruilope LM, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Bakris GL, Filippatos G, Nowack C, et al. Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial. Am J Nephrol 2019;50:345-56.
Article PubMed PMC
37. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:580-91.
Article PubMed
38. Ueki K, Sasako T, Okazaki Y, Kato M, Okahata S, Katsuyama H, et al. Effect of an intensified multifactorial intervention on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in type 2 diabetes (JDOIT3): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5:951-64.
PubMed
40. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117-28.
Article PubMed
41. Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, von Eynatten M, Mattheus M, et al. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:323-34.
Article PubMed
42. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:644-57.
Article PubMed
43. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019;380:347-57.
Article PubMed
44. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Bonaca MP, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet 2019;393:31-9.
Article PubMed
45. Tonneijck L, Muskiet MH, Smits MM, van Bommel EJ, Heerspink HJ, van Raalte DH, et al. Glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetes: mechanisms, clinical significance, and treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;28:1023-39.
Article PubMed PMC
46. Korner A, Eklof AC, Celsi G, Aperia A. Increased renal metabolism in diabetes. Mechanism and functional implications. Diabetes 1994;43:629-33.
Article PubMed
47. Mudaliar S, Alloju S, Henry RR. Can a shift in fuel energetics explain the beneficial cardiorenal outcomes in the EMPAREG OUTCOME Study? A unifying hypothesis. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1115-22.
Article PubMed
48. Takagi S, Li J, Takagaki Y, Kitada M, Nitta K, Takasu T, et al. Ipragliflozin improves mitochondrial abnormalities in renal tubules induced by a high-fat diet. J Diabetes Investig 2018;9:1025-32.
Article PubMed PMC
49. Tanaka S, Sugiura Y, Saito H, Sugahara M, Higashijima Y, Yamaguchi J, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition normalizes glucose metabolism and suppresses oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Kidney Int 2018;94:912-25.
Article PubMed
50. Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1436-46.
Article PubMed
51. Ito M, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 as a treatment target of kidney diseases. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020;29:128-35.
Article PubMed
52. Bryan HK, Olayanju A, Goldring CE, Park BK. The Nrf2 cell defence pathway: Keap1-dependent and -independent mechanisms of regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013;85:705-17.
Article PubMed
53. Ruiz S, Pergola PE, Zager RA, Vaziri ND. Targeting the transcription factor Nrf2 to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2013;83:1029-41.
Article PubMed PMC
54. Pergola PE, Raskin P, Toto RD, Meyer CJ, Huff JW, Grossman EB, et al. Bardoxolone methyl and kidney function in CKD with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2011;365:327-36.
Article PubMed
55. de Zeeuw D, Akizawa T, Audhya P, Bakris GL, Chin M, Christ-Schmidt H, et al. Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2492-503.
Article PubMed PMC
56. Chin MP, Wrolstad D, Bakris GL, Chertow GM, de Zeeuw D, Goldsberry A, et al. Risk factors for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease treated with bardoxolone methyl. J Card Fail 2014;20:953-8.
Article PubMed
57. Nangaku M, Kanda H, Takama H, Ichikawa T, Hase H, Akizawa T. randomized clinical trial on the effect of bardoxolone methyl on GFR in diabetic kidney disease patients (TSUBAKI Study). Kidney Int Rep 2020;5:879-90.
Article PubMed PMC
58. Dandona P, Thusu K, Cook S, Snyder B, Makowski J, Armstrong D, et al. Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1996;347:444-5.
Article PubMed
59. Ding Y, Stidham RD, Bumeister R, Trevino I, Winters A, Sprouse M, et al. The synthetic triterpenoid, RTA 405, increases the glomerular filtration rate and reduces angiotensin II-induced contraction of glomerular mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2013;83:845-54.
Article PubMed
60. Heiss EH, Schachner D, Werner ER, Dirsch VM. Active NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) contributes to keep endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the coupled state: role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), eNOS, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) levels. J Biol Chem 2009;284:31579-86.
PubMed PMC
61. Zheng H, Whitman SA, Wu W, Wondrak GT, Wong PK, Fang D, et al. Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2011;60:3055-66.
Article PubMed PMC
62. Yoh K, Itoh K, Enomoto A, Hirayama A, Yamaguchi N, Kobayashi M, et al. Nrf2-deficient female mice develop lupuslike autoimmune nephritis. Kidney Int 2001;60:1343-53.
PubMed
63. Wakabayashi N, Itoh K, Wakabayashi J, Motohashi H, Noda S, Takahashi S, et al. Keap1-null mutation leads to postnatal lethality due to constitutive Nrf2 activation. Nat Genet 2003;35:238-45.
Article PubMed
64. Nezu M, Souma T, Yu L, Suzuki T, Saigusa D, Ito S, et al. Transcription factor Nrf2 hyperactivation in early-phase renal ischemia-reperfusion injury prevents tubular damage progression. Kidney Int 2017;91:387-401.
Article PubMed
65. Miyazaki Y, Shimizu A, Pastan I, Taguchi K, Naganuma E, Suzuki T, et al. Keap1 inhibition attenuates glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014;29:783-91.
Article PubMed PMC
66. Nangaku M. Chronic hypoxia and tubulointerstitial injury: a final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:17-25.
Article PubMed
67. Kramann R, Tanaka M, Humphreys BD. Fluorescence microangiography for quantitative assessment of peritubular capillary changes after AKI in mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014;25:1924-31.
Article PubMed PMC
68. Norman JT, Clark IM, Garcia PL. Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in human renal fibroblasts. Kidney Int 2000;58:2351-66.
Article PubMed
69. Kapitsinou PP, Jaffe J, Michael M, Swan CE, Duffy KJ, Erickson-Miller CL, et al. Preischemic targeting of HIF prolyl hydroxylation inhibits fibrosis associated with acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;302:F1172-9.
Article PubMed PMC
70. Tanaka T, Matsumoto M, Inagi R, Miyata T, Kojima I, Ohse T, et al. Induction of protective genes by cobalt ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury in the progressive Thy1 nephritis. Kidney Int 2005;68:2714-25.
Article PubMed
71. Tanaka T, Kojima I, Ohse T, Ingelfinger JR, Adler S, Fujita T, et al. Cobalt promotes angiogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor and protects tubulointerstitium in the remnant kidney model. Lab Invest 2005;85:1292-307.
Article PubMed
72. Conde E, Gimenez-Moyano S, Martin-Gomez L, Rodriguez M, Ramos ME, Aguado-Fraile E, et al. HIF-1α induction during reperfusion avoids maladaptive repair after renal ischemia/reperfusion involving miR127-3p. Sci Rep 2017;7:41099.
Article PubMed PMC
73. Ceradini DJ, Kulkarni AR, Callaghan MJ, Tepper OM, Bastidas N, Kleinman ME, et al. Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1 induction of SDF-1. Nat Med 2004;10:858-64.
Article PubMed
74. Koshiji M, Huang LE. Dynamic balancing of the dual nature of HIF-1alpha for cell survival. Cell Cycle 2004;3:853-4.
Article PubMed
75. Yu X, Fang Y, Ding X, Liu H, Zhu J, Zou J, et al. Transient hypoxia- inducible factor activation in rat renal ablation and reduced fibrosis with L-mimosine. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012;17:58-67.
Article PubMed
76. Sugahara M, Tanaka S, Tanaka T, Saito H, Ishimoto Y, Wakashima T, et al. Prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor protects against metabolic disorders and associated kidney disease in obese type 2 diabetic mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31:560-77.
Article PubMed PMC
77. Tanaka T, Higashijima Y, Wada T, Nangaku M. The potential for renoprotection with incretin-based drugs. Kidney Int 2014;86:701-11.
Article PubMed
78. Lastya A, Saraswati MR, Suastika K. The low level of glucagonlike peptide-1 (glp-1) is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Res Notes 2014;7:849.
Article PubMed PMC
79. Sharkovska Y, Reichetzeder C, Alter M, Tsuprykov O, Bachmann S, Secher T, et al. Blood pressure and glucose independent renoprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in a mouse model of type-2 diabetic nephropathy. J Hypertens 2014;32:2211-23.
Article PubMed
80. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:311-22.
Article PubMed PMC
81. Mann JFE, Orsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, et al. Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:839-48.
Article PubMed
82. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jodar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1834-44.
Article PubMed
83. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1228-39.
Article PubMed PMC
84. Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, Kober LV, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2247-57.
Article PubMed
85. Tuttle KR, Lakshmanan MC, Rayner B, Busch RS, Zimmermann AG, Woodward DB, et al. Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): a multicentre, openlabel, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018;6:605-17.
Article PubMed
86. Brownlee M, Vlassara H, Cerami A. Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:527-37.
Article PubMed
87. Mallipattu SK, Uribarri J. Advanced glycation end product accumulation: a new enemy to target in chronic kidney disease? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014;23:547-54.
PubMed PMC
88. Saulnier PJ, Wheelock KM, Howell S, Weil EJ, Tanamas SK, Knowler WC, et al. Advanced glycation end products predict loss of renal function and correlate with lesions of diabetic kidney disease in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2016;65:3744-53.
Article PubMed PMC
89. Fleming TH, Humpert PM, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A. Reactive metabolites and AGE/RAGE-mediated cellular dysfunction affect the aging process: a mini-review. Gerontology 2011;57:435-43.
Article PubMed PDF
90. Coughlan MT, Thorburn DR, Penfold SA, Laskowski A, Harcourt BE, Sourris KC, et al. RAGE-induced cytosolic ROS promote mitochondrial superoxide generation in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:742-52.
Article PubMed PMC
91. Vlassara H, Striker LJ, Teichberg S, Fuh H, Li YM, Steffes M. Advanced glycation end products induce glomerular sclerosis and albuminuria in normal rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994;91:11704-8.
Article PubMed PMC
92. Yamamoto Y, Kato I, Doi T, Yonekura H, Ohashi S, Takeuchi M, et al. Development and prevention of advanced diabetic nephropathy in RAGE-overexpressing mice. J Clin Invest 2001;108:261-8.
Article PubMed PMC
93. Matsui T, Higashimoto Y, Nishino Y, Nakamura N, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI. RAGE-aptamer blocks the development and progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2017;66:1683-95.
Article PubMed
94. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Horie K, Nangaku M, Tanaka S, van Ypersele de Strihou C, et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: the fate of pentosidine. Kidney Int 1998;53:416-22.
Article PubMed
95. Williams ME, Bolton WK, Khalifah RG, Degenhardt TP, Schotzinger RJ, McGill JB. Effects of pyridoxamine in combined phase 2 studies of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2007;27:605-14.
Article PubMed
96. Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, Larkin JR, Akhtar MW, Shafi T, et al. High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetologia 2009;52:208-12.
Article PubMed
97. Bolton WK, Cattran DC, Williams ME, Adler SG, Appel GB, Cartwright K, et al. Randomized trial of an inhibitor of formation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2004;24:32-40.
Article PubMed
98. Alkhalaf A, Klooster A, van Oeveren W, Achenbach U, Kleefstra N, Slingerland RJ, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1598-601.
Article PubMed PMC
99. Kato M, Natarajan R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019;15:327-45.
Article PubMed PMC
100. El-Osta A, Brasacchio D, Yao D, Pocai A, Jones PL, Roeder RG, et al. Transient high glucose causes persistent epigenetic changes and altered gene expression during subsequent normoglycemia. J Exp Med 2008;205:2409-17.
Article PubMed PMC
101. Oba S, Ayuzawa N, Nishimoto M, Kawarazaki W, Ueda K, Hirohama D, et al. Aberrant DNA methylation of Tgfb1 in diabetic kidney mesangial cells. Sci Rep 2018;8:16338.
Article PubMed PMC
102. Rosen ED, Kaestner KH, Natarajan R, Patti ME, Sallari R, Sander M, et al. Epigenetics and epigenomics: implications for diabetes and obesity. Diabetes 2018;67:1923-31.
Article PubMed PMC
103. Marumo T, Yagi S, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Watanabe A, et al. Diabetes induces aberrant DNA methylation in the proximal tubules of the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015;26:2388-97.
Article PubMed PMC
104. Morgado-Pascual JL, Marchant V, Rodrigues-Diez R, Dolade N, Suarez-Alvarez B, Kerr B, et al. Epigenetic modification mechanisms involved in inflammation and fibrosis in renal pathology. Mediators Inflamm 2018;2018:2931049.
Article PubMed PMC
105. Chen Z, Miao F, Paterson AD, Lachin JM, Zhang L, Schones DE, et al. Epigenomic profiling reveals an association between persistence of DNA methylation and metabolic memory in the DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes cohort. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113:E3002-11.
Article PubMed PMC
106. Shah A, Xia L, Masson EA, Gui C, Momen A, Shikatani EA, et al. Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency protects against diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015;26:2963-77.
Article PubMed PMC
107. Ko YA, Mohtat D, Suzuki M, Park AS, Izquierdo MC, Han SY, et al. Cytosine methylation changes in enhancer regions of core pro-fibrotic genes characterize kidney fibrosis development. Genome Biol 2013;14:R108.
Article PubMed PMC
108. Miao F, Chen Z, Genuth S, Paterson A, Zhang L, Wu X, et al. Evaluating the role of epigenetic histone modifications in the metabolic memory of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2014;63:1748-62.
Article PubMed PMC
109. Yuan H, Reddy MA, Deshpande S, Jia Y, Park JT, Lanting LL, et al. Epigenetic histone modifications involved in profibrotic gene regulation by 12/15-lipoxygenase and its oxidized lipid products in diabetic nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016;24:361-75.
Article PubMed PMC
110. Reddy MA, Sumanth P, Lanting L, Yuan H, Wang M, Mar D, et al. Losartan reverses permissive epigenetic changes in renal glomeruli of diabetic db/db mice. Kidney Int 2014;85:362-73.
Article PubMed
111. Mimura I, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Novel therapeutic strategy with hypoxia- inducible factors via reversible epigenetic regulation mechanisms in progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Semin Nephrol 2013;33:375-82.
Article PubMed
112. Mimura I, Nangaku M, Kanki Y, Tsutsumi S, Inoue T, Kohro T, et al. Dynamic change of chromatin conformation in response to hypoxia enhances the expression of GLUT3 (SLC2A3) by cooperative interaction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and KDM3A. Mol Cell Biol 2012;32:3018-32.
Article PubMed PMC
113. Mimura I, Hirakawa Y, Kanki Y, Kushida N, Nakaki R, Suzuki Y, et al. Novel lnc RNA regulated by HIF-1 inhibits apoptotic cell death in the renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxia. Physiol Rep 2017;5:e13203.
Article PubMed PMC
114. Denby L, Baker AH. Targeting non-coding RNA for the therapy of renal disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016;27:70-7.
Article PubMed
115. Zhong X, Chung AC, Chen HY, Meng XM, Lan HY. Smad3- mediated upregulation of miR-21 promotes renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;22:1668-81.
Article PubMed PMC
116. Wang G, Kwan BC, Lai FM, Chow KM, Li PK, Szeto CC. Urinary miR-21, miR-29, and miR-93: novel biomarkers of fibrosis. Am J Nephrol 2012;36:412-8.
Article PubMed
117. Lopez-Anton M, Lambie M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Schmitt CP, Ruiz-Carpio V, Bartosova M, et al. miR-21 promotes fibrogenesis in peritoneal dialysis. Am J Pathol 2017;187:1537-50.
Article PubMed
118. Van der Hauwaert C, Savary G, Hennino MF, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Cauffiez C. Implication des microARN dans la fibrose rénale [MicroRNAs in kidney fibrosis]. Nephrol Ther 2015;11:474-82.
PubMed
119. Qin W, Chung AC, Huang XR, Meng XM, Hui DS, Yu CM, et al. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling promotes renal fibrosis by inhibiting miR-29. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;22:1462-74.
Article PubMed PMC
120. Ramdas V, McBride M, Denby L, Baker AH. Canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling regulates disintegrin metalloprotease expression in experimental renal fibrosis via miR29. Am J Pathol 2013;183:1885-96.
Article PubMed PMC
121. Sun XY, Qin HJ, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Yang XC, Zhao DM, et al. Valproate attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2016;13:661-8.
Article PubMed
122. Khan S, Jena G, Tikoo K. Sodium valproate ameliorates diabetes-induced fibrosis and renal damage by the inhibition of histone deacetylases in diabetic rat. Exp Mol Pathol 2015;98:230-9.
Article PubMed
123. Khan S, Jena G. Sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor ameliorates eNOS, iNOS and TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, apoptosis and DNA damage in the kidney of juvenile diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014;73:127-39.
Article PubMed
124. Noh H, Oh EY, Seo JY, Yu MR, Kim YO, Ha H, et al. Histone deacetylase-2 is a key regulator of diabetes- and transforming growth factor-beta1-induced renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009;297:F729-39.
PubMed
125. Advani A, Huang Q, Thai K, Advani SL, White KE, Kelly DJ, et al. Long-term administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat attenuates renal injury in experimental diabetes through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. Am J Pathol 2011;178:2205-14.
Article PubMed PMC
126. Zhou X, Zang X, Ponnusamy M, Masucci MV, Tolbert E, Gong R, et al. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibition attenuates renal fibrosis by maintaining smad7 and phosphatase and tensin homolog expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016;27:2092-108.
Article PubMed
127. Mimura I, Hirakawa Y, Kanki Y, Nakaki R, Suzuki Y, Tanaka T, et al. Genome-wide analysis revealed that DZNep reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis via down-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Sci Rep 2018;8:3779.
Article PubMed PMC
128. Shimoda H, Doi S, Nakashima A, Sasaki K, Doi T, Masaki T. Inhibition of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1/WDR5 complex attenuates renal senescence in ischemia reperfusion mice by reduction of p16 INK4a. Kidney Int 2019;96:1162-75.
PubMed