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The Role of the Sweet Taste Receptor in Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic β-Cells
Itaru Kojima, Yuko Nakagawa
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):451-457.   Published online October 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.451
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  • 106 Download
  • 46 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

The sweet taste receptor is expressed in taste cells located in taste buds of the tongue. This receptor senses sweet substances in the oral cavity, activates taste cells, and transmits the taste signals to adjacent neurons. The sweet taste receptor is a heterodimer of two G protein-coupled receptors, T1R2 and T1R3. Recent studies have shown that this receptor is also expressed in the extragustatory system, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic β-cells, and glucose-responsive neurons in the brain. In the intestine, the sweet taste receptor regulates secretion of incretin hormones and glucose uptake from the lumen. In β-cells, activation of the sweet taste receptor leads to stimulation of insulin secretion. Collectively, the sweet taste receptor plays an important role in recognition and metabolism of energy sources in the body.

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Stimulation of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Enteroendocrine L cells.
Byung Joon Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(6):458-463.   Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.6.458
  • 2,256 View
  • 28 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) is new anti-diabetic drug with a number of beneficial effects. It stimulates glucose dependant insulin secretion and restoration of beta cell mass through enhancement of islet mass. However, it is easily inactivated after being secreted from enteroendocrine L cells. Recent trial to increased GLP-1 is to directly stimulate L cells through its receptor located in the surface of L cell. Taste receptor in the apical surface of L cell is activated by various tastants contained in the food. Tongue perceives taste sense through the heterotrimeric G-protein (alpha-gustducin) and its downstream signaling cascades. Same taste receptors are also expressed in enteroendocrine cells. In duodenal L cell, alpha-gustducin was detected by immunofluorescence stainig at the luminal projections of enteroendocrine cells. And several other taste signaling elements were also found in L cells. Ingestion of sweet or bitter compounds revealed stimulation of GLP-1 secretion and the regulation of plasma insulin and glucose. In this review, I will briefly introduce the possibilities to stimulate GLP-1 secretion though the membrane receptor in enteroendocrine cell. And it will be the good candidate to develop the treatment modality for obesity, diabetes and abnormal gut motility.

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