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Comparison of Serum Ketone Levels and Cardiometabolic Efficacy of Dapagliflozin versus Sitagliptin among Insulin-Treated Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chi-Ho Lee, Mei-Zhen Wu, David Tak-Wai Lui, Darren Shing-Hei Chan, Carol Ho-Yi Fong, Sammy Wing-Ming Shiu, Ying Wong, Alan Chun-Hong Lee, Joanne King-Yan Lam, Yu-Cho Woo, Karen Siu-Ling Lam, Kelvin Kai-Hang Yiu, Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):843-854.   Published online April 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0319
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  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Insulin-treated patients with long duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of ketoacidosis related to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). The extent of circulating ketone elevation in these patients remains unknown. We conducted this study to compare the serum ketone response between dapagliflozin, an SGLT2i, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, among insulin-treated T2DM patients.
Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, active comparator-controlled study involving 60 insulin-treated T2DM patients. Participants were randomized 1:1 for 24-week of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or sitagliptin 100 mg daily. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after intervention. Comprehensive cardiometabolic assessments were performed with measurements of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), vibration-controlled transient elastography and echocardiography.
Results
Among these 60 insulin-treated participants (mean age 58.8 years, diabetes duration 18.2 years, glycosylated hemoglobin 8.87%), as compared with sitagliptin, serum BHB levels increased significantly after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin (P=0.045), with a median of 27% increase from baseline. Change in serum BHB levels correlated significantly with change in free fatty acid levels. Despite similar glucose lowering, dapagliflozin led to significant improvements in body weight (P=0.006), waist circumference (P=0.028), HDL-C (P=0.041), CEC (P=0.045), controlled attenuation parameter (P=0.007), and liver stiffness (P=0.022). Average E/e’, an echocardiographic index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, was also significantly lower at 24 weeks in participants treated with dapagliflozin (P=0.037).
Conclusion
Among insulin-treated T2DM patients with long diabetes duration, compared to sitagliptin, dapagliflozin modestly increased ketone levels and was associated with cardiometabolic benefits.

Citations

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  • Serum thrombospondin‐2 level changes with liver stiffness improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes
    Jimmy Ho Cheung Mak, David Tak‐Wai Lui, Carol Ho‐Yi Fong, Chloe Yu‐Yan Cheung, Ying Wong, Alan Chun‐Hong Lee, Ruby Lai‐Chong Hoo, Aimin Xu, Kathryn Choon‐Beng Tan, Karen Siu‐Ling Lam, Chi‐Ho Lee
    Clinical Endocrinology.2024; 100(3): 230.     CrossRef
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    Junpei Hu, Jianhui Teng, Shan Hui, Lihui Liang
    Heliyon.2024; 10(8): e29486.     CrossRef
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    Naoki Sakane
    Diabetology International.2024; 15(3): 370.     CrossRef
  • Effect of dapagliflozin on readmission and loop diuretics use in patients with acute heart failure: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study
    Dong Wu, Zhen Ma, Xiaoying Wang, Xiaowu Wang, Xiaojuan Wang
    BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yao Wang, Yujie Zhong, Zhehao Zhang, Shuhao Yang, Qianying Zhang, Bingyang Chu, Xulin Hu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Peipei Zhou, Ying Tan, Zhenning Hao, Weilong Xu, Xiqiao Zhou, Jiangyi Yu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Acarbose Add-on Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Metformin and Sitagliptin Failure: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Hae Kyung Yang, Seung-Hwan Lee, Juyoung Shin, Yoon-Hee Choi, Yu-Bae Ahn, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Jung Rhee, Kyung Wan Min, Kun-Ho Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(3):287-301.   Published online December 20, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0054
  • 6,870 View
  • 117 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of acarbose add-on therapy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are inadequately controlled with metformin and sitagliptin.

Methods

A total of 165 subjects were randomized to metformin and sitagliptin (Met+Sita, n=65), metformin, sitagliptin, and acarbose (Met+Sita+Acarb, n=66) and sitagliptin and acarbose (Sita+Acarb, exploratory assessment, n=34) therapy in five institutions in Korea. After 16 weeks of acarbose add-on or metformin-switch therapy, a triple combination therapy was maintained from week 16 to 24.

Results

The add-on of acarbose (Met+Sita+Acarb group) demonstrated a 0.44%±0.08% (P<0.001 vs. baseline) decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at week 16, while changes in HbA1c were insignificant in the Met+Sita group (−0.09%±0.10%, P=0.113). After 8 weeks of triple combination therapy, HbA1c levels were comparable between Met+Sita and Met+Sita+Acarb group (7.66%±0.13% vs. 7.47%±0.12%, P=0.321). Acarbose add-on therapy demonstrated suppressed glucagon secretion (area under the curve of glucagon, 4,726.17±415.80 ng·min/L vs. 3,314.38±191.63 ng·min/L, P=0.004) in the absence of excess insulin secretion during the meal tolerance tests at week 16 versus baseline. The incidence of adverse or serious adverse events was similar between two groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a 16-week acarbose add-on therapy to metformin and sitagliptin, effectively lowered HbA1c without significant adverse events. Acarbose might be a good choice as a third-line therapy in addition to metformin and sitagliptin in Korean subjects with T2DM who have predominant postprandial hyperglycemia and a high carbohydrate intake.

Citations

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  • The effect of acarbose on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    Ali Mohammadian, Sahand Tehrani Fateh, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Fatemeh Gholami, Niloufar Rasaei, Hossein Bahari, Samira Rastgoo, Reza Bagheri, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid Asbaghi
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    Elnaz Golalipour, Dorsa Hosseininasab, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Niloufar Rasaei, Hossein Bahari, Mahya Mehri Hajmir, Samira Rastgoo, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid Asbaghi
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    Choong Whan Lee, Byoung Hoon You, Sreymom Yim, Seung Yon Han, Hee-Sung Chae, Mingoo Bae, Seo-Yeon Kim, Jeong-Eun Yu, Jieun Jung, Piseth Nhoek, Hojun Kim, Han Seok Choi, Young-Won Chin, Hyun Woo Kim, Young Hee Choi
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    Mohammad Zamani, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Yasaman Aali, Niloufar Rasaei, Mahtab Zarei, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid Asbaghi
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of acarbose on lipid profiles in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    Mohsen Yousefi, Sahand Tehrani Fateh, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Fatemeh Gholami, Samira Rastgoo, Reza Bagher, Alireza Khadem, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid Asbaghi
    BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A systematic review, meta-analysis, dose-response, and meta-regression of the effects of acarbose intake on glycemic markers in adults
    Sina Raissi Dehkordi, Naseh Pahlavani, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Reza Bagheri, Niloufar Rasaei, Melika Darzi, Samira Rastgoo, Hossein Bahari, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid Asbaghi
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    Diah Lia Aulifa, I Ketut Adnyana, Sukrasno Sukrasno, Jutti Levita
    Heliyon.2022; 8(5): e09501.     CrossRef
  • Design, synthesis, and in silico studies of benzimidazole bearing phenoxyacetamide derivatives as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors
    Nahal Shayegan, Aida Iraji, Nasim Bakhshi, Ali Moazzam, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Seyyed Mehrdad Mostafavi Pour, Maliheh Barazandeh Tehrani, Bagher Larijani, Zahra Rezaei, Pardis Yousefi, Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh, Mohammad Mahdavi
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    Lawrence Blonde, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, S. Sethu Reddy, Janet B. McGill, Sarah L. Berga, Michael Bush, Suchitra Chandrasekaran, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Daniel Einhorn, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Thomas W. Gardner, Rajesh Garg, W. Timothy Garvey, Irl B. Hirsch, Danie
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    Aditya Maulana Perdana Putra, Ratih Pratiwi Sari, Siska Musiam
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  • Natural α-Glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: A Source of Scaffold Molecules for Synthesis of New Multitarget Antidiabetic Drugs
    Massimo Genovese, Ilaria Nesi, Anna Caselli, Paolo Paoli
    Molecules.2021; 26(16): 4818.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Antiglycoxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Capacities of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside
    Didier Fraisse, Alexis Bred, Catherine Felgines, François Senejoux
    Antioxidants.2021; 10(11): 1670.     CrossRef
Glycemic Effectiveness of Metformin-Based Dual-Combination Therapies with Sulphonylurea, Pioglitazone, or DPP4-Inhibitor in Drug-Naïve Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Young Ki Lee, Sun Ok Song, Kwang Joon Kim, Yongin Cho, Younjeong Choi, Yujung Yun, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun-Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(6):465-474.   Published online December 12, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.465
  • 5,745 View
  • 78 Download
  • 18 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

This study compared the glycemic effectiveness of three metformin-based dual therapies according to baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to evaluate the appropriateness of the guideline enforced by the National Health Insurance Corporation of Korea for initial medication of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted across 24 weeks for drug-naïve Korean T2D patients with HbA1c greater than 7.5%. Subjects were first divided into three groups based on the agent combined with metformin (group 1, gliclazide-modified release or glimepiride; group 2, pioglitazone; group 3, sitagliptin). Subjects were also classified into three categories according to baseline HbA1c (category I, 7.5%≤HbA1c<9.0%; category II, 9.0%≤HbA1c<11.0%; category III, 11.0%≤HbA1c).

Results

Among 116 subjects, 99 subjects completed the study, with 88 subjects maintaining the initial medication. While each of the metformin-based dual therapies showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (group 1, 8.9% to 6.4%; group 2, 9.0% to 6.6%; group 3, 9.3% to 6.3%; P<0.001 for each), there was no significant difference in the magnitude of HbA1c change among the groups. While the three HbA1c categories showed significantly different baseline HbA1c levels (8.2% vs. 9.9% vs. 11.9%; P<0.001), endpoint HbA1c was not different (6.4% vs. 6.6% vs. 6.0%; P=0.051).

Conclusion

The three dual therapies using a combination of metformin and either sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, or sitagliptin showed similar glycemic effectiveness among drug-naïve Korean T2D patients. In addition, these regimens were similarly effective across a wide range of baseline HbA1c levels.

Citations

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    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Acarbose Add-on Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Metformin and Sitagliptin Failure: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
    Hae Kyung Yang, Seung-Hwan Lee, Juyoung Shin, Yoon-Hee Choi, Yu-Bae Ahn, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Jung Rhee, Kyung Wan Min, Kun-Ho Yoon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(3): 287.     CrossRef
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Efficacy of Sitagliptin When Added to Ongoing Therapy in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hye Soo Chung, Moon-Kyu Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):411-417.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.411
  • 4,034 View
  • 90 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sitagliptin for reducing plasma glucose levels in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus during a 14-week treatment period.

Methods

Our study design involved the addition of 100 mg sitagliptin once-daily to three ongoing combination therapy regimens and changing from glimepiride and metformin to sitagliptin and metformin.

Results

The addition of sitagliptin 100 mg/day produced a statistically significant reduction in mean HbA1c level (mean HbA1c reduction of 0.99±0.85%, P<0.01). In the group taking a combination of sitagliptin and metformin (n=143, initial mean HbA1c level=7.48%), the reductions in HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and fasting glucose levels were 0.72±0.76% (P<0.01), 47±65 mg/dL (P<0.01), and 15±44 mg/dL (P<0.01), respectively. In the group taking a combination of sitagliptin, glimepiride, and metformin (n=125, initial mean HbA1c level=8.42%), the reductions in HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and fasting glucose levels were 1.09±0.86% (P<0.01), 62±64 mg/dL (P<0.01), and 31±45 mg/dL (P<0.01), respectively. In the group taking a combination of sitagliptin, glimepiride, metformin, and α-glucosidase inhibitor (n=63, initial mean HbA1c level=9.19%), the reductions in HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and fasting glucose levels were 1.27±0.70% (P<0.01), 72±65 mg/dL (P<0.01), and 35±51 mg/dL (P<0.01), respectively. In the group that had previous hypoglycemic events and that changed from glimepiride to sitagliptin, HbA1c level did not change but fasting glucose increased significantly (14±29 mg/dL, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Sitagliptin combination therapy for 14 weeks significantly improved glycemic control and was well-tolerated in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Citations

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Retrospective Analysis on the Efficacy, Safety and Treatment Failure Group of Sitagliptin for Mean 10-Month Duration
Won Jun Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Eun Haeng Jeong, Jeong Youn Seo, Ji Soo Seol, Se Eun Park, Eun Jung Rhee, Won Young Lee, Ki Won Oh, Sung Woo Park, Sun Woo Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(3):290-297.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.3.290
  • 4,773 View
  • 34 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

To investigate the clinical results of sitagliptin (SITA) and the characteristics of the treatment failure group or of low responders to SITA.

Methods

A retrospective study of type 2 diabetic patients reviewed 99 cases, including 12 treatment failure cases, who stopped SITA because of worsening patients' condition, and 87 cases, who continued treatment over five visits (total 9.9±10.1 months) after receiving the prescription of SITA from December 2008 to June 2009. Subjects were classified as five groups administered SITA as an initial combination with metformin (MET), add-on to metformin or sulfonylurea, and switching from sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione. The changes in HbA1c level from the first to last visit (ΔHbA1c) in treatment maintenance group were subanalyzed.

Results

The HbA1c level was significantly reduced in four groups, including initial coadministration of SITA with metformin (ΔHbA1c=-1.1%, P<0.001), add-on to MET (ΔHbA1c=-0.6%, P=0.017), add-on to sulfonylurea (ΔHbA1c=-0.5%, P<0.001), and switching from thiazolidinedione (ΔHbA1c=-0.3%, P=0.013). SITA was noninferior to sulfonlyurea (ΔHbA1c=-0.2%, P=0.63). There was no significant adverse effect. The treatment failure group had a longer diabeties duration (P=0.008), higher HbA1c (P=0.001) and fasting plasma glucose (P=0.003) compared to the maintenance group. Subanalysis on the tertiles of ΔHbA1c showed that low-response to SITA (tertile 1) was associated with a longer diabetes duration (P=0.009) and lower HbA1c (P<0.001).

Conclusion

SITA was effective and safe for use in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. However, its clinical responses and long-term benefit-harm profile is yet to be established.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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Predictive Clinical Parameters for the Therapeutic Efficacy of Sitagliptin in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Soon Ae Kim, Woo Ho Shim, Eun Hae Lee, Young Mi Lee, Sun Hee Beom, Eun Sook Kim, Jeong Seon Yoo, Ji Sun Nam, Min Ho Cho, Jong Suk Park, Chul Woo Ahn, Kyung Rae Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):159-165.   Published online April 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.159
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Sitagliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptide-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that increases blood levels of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP), resulting in increased insulin secretion. While studies conducted in other countries have indicated the efficacy and safety of using sitagliptin to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its predictors of effects to sitagliptin are not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive clinical parameters for the therapeutic benefits of sitagliptin when added to an ongoing metformin or sulfonylurea therapy in Korean T2DM subjects.

Methods

We obtained data from 251 Korean T2DM subjects who had recently started taking sitagliptin as add-on therapy. Exclusion criteria included any insulin use. Changes in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (ΔFPG) were assessed by comparing baseline levels prior to sitagliptin administration to levels 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. Responders were defined as subjects who experienced decrease from baseline of >10% in ΔHbA1c or >20% in ΔFPG levels at 24 weeks.

Results

We classified 81% of the subjects (204 out of 251) as responders. The responder group had a lower mean body mass index (23.70±2.40 vs. 26.00±2.26, P≤0.01) and were younger (58.83±11.57 years vs. 62.87±12.09 years, P=0.03) than the non-responder group.

Conclusion

In Korean T2DM subjects, sitagliptin responders had lower body mass index and were younger compared to non-responders.

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