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Lifestyle and Behavioral Interventions
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Lifestyle Combination Patterns as Key Modifiable Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among Middle-Aged Korean Men
Inji Lee, Hyunjung Lim
Received February 28, 2025  Accepted October 14, 2025  Published online March 24, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0166    [Epub ahead of print]
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide highlights the need for understanding risk factors and effective prevention strategies. While individual lifestyle factors associated with diabetes risk have been identified, research on their collective interactions is limited. This study aimed to identify lifestyle combination patterns in middle-aged Korean men and evaluate their impact on T2DM risk.
Methods
A total of 2,332 middle-aged men without T2DM at baseline (2001–2002) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort were included. T2DM incidence was tracked through the 8th follow-up (2017–2018). Lifestyle combination patterns were identified using factor analysis based on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary data. Cox regression assessed T2DM incidence across patterns.
Results
Four lifestyle combination patterns were identified: ‘Healthy Lifestyle,’ ‘Low Carb & High Protein,’ ‘High SES & Irregular Lifestyle,’ and ‘Bad Eating Habits.’ The risk of developing T2DM varied across patterns. The ‘Healthy Lifestyle’ and ‘Low Carb & High Protein’ patterns showed a slight decrease in risk in T3, but differences were not significant. The ‘High SES & Irregular Lifestyle’ pattern was associated with higher T2DM risk in T3 versus T1 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.55), but the association disappeared after adjustment for family history. The ‘Bad Eating Habits’ pattern showed a 1.21-fold higher risk in T3 (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.47).
Conclusion
This study underscores the existence of distinct lifestyle combination patterns and their differential implications for T2DM risk. These findings support the need for tailored preventive strategies based on lifestyle patterns.
Type 1 Diabetes
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Familial Occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Study
Hae Sang Lee, Hwa Young Kim, Mi Yang, Yun Jeong Kim, Hyun Wook Chae, Kyungchul Song, Aram Yang, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Young-Jun Rhie, Eungu Kang, Mo Kyung Jung, Yoonha Lee, Sung Yoon Cho, Insung Kim, Minji Im, Moon Bae Ahn, Su Jin Park, Soo Yeun Sim, Yoo-Mi Kim, Young-Lim Shin, Yong Hee Hong, Junghwan Suh, Sujin Kim, Seo Jung Kim, Min Hyung Cho, Yong Hyuk Kim, Jieun Lee, Su Jin Kim, Jisun Park, Eun Young Joo, Myung Ji Yoo, Minsun Kim, Han Sol Kim, Han Hyuk Lim, Jung Eun Moon, Kyungmi Jang, Chan Jong Kim, Jaehyun Kim
Received November 13, 2025  Accepted January 23, 2026  Published online March 5, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1149    [Epub ahead of print]
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Background
Data on the familial occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Korean pediatric populations are limited. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of children with T1DM according to family history and estimated the T1DM prevalence among relatives.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients aged ≤18 years newly diagnosed with T1DM at 18 university-affiliated hospitals in Korea between 2010 and 2024. The index child was defined as the first sibling diagnosed with T1DM and categorized according to the presence of affected parents or siblings. Familial T1DM prevalence was calculated for siblings, first-degree relatives, and twin pairs.
Results
Among 936 index children, 32 (3.4%) exhibited a T1DM family history. Compared with index children, subsequent-affected children presented with lower plasma glucose (300.0 mg/dL vs. 412.0 mg/dL, P=0.009) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (10.4% vs. 12.6%, P<0.001), and a lower frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (13.8% vs. 49.7%, P<0.001). Venous pH and serum bicarbonate levels were higher (7.4 vs. 7.3, P=0.005; 22.0 mmol/L vs. 17.0 mmol/L, P=0.004, respectively), whereas urine ketone levels were significantly lower (P<0.001). Sibling, first-degree relative, and twin-pair prevalence rates were 3.0% (23/779), 1.3% (34/2,651), and 42.9% (3/7), respectively.
Conclusion
In this multicenter Korean cohort, familial T1DM accounted for 3.4% of pediatric cases, which was lower than in Western populations. Subsequent-affected children exhibited milder metabolic decompensation at diagnosis than did index children, likely reflecting earlier recognition through family awareness and screening. These findings underscore the importance of early education and monitoring of at-risk relatives within affected families.
Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
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Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Special Edition on Diabetes with Obesity and in Pregnancy
Se Eun Park, Se Hee Min, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han Na Jung, Joon Ho Moon, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Hee Choi
Diabetes Metab J. 2026;50(2):255-266.   Published online March 1, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1162
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We evaluated epidemiologic trends and clinical characteristics in Koreans with diabetes and obesity and in those with diabetes in pregnancy.
Methods
We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2012–2023) to assess obesity trends in people with diabetes and used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2013–2023) to evaluate diabetes in pregnancy.
Results
Among Korean adults with diabetes (≥19 years), 52.4% had obesity and 61.1% had abdominal obesity. Only 39.9% achieved the glycemic target (glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5%). The obesity prevalence was higher in younger age groups, and abdominal obesity showed an upward trend over the last 12 years. Diabetes in pregnancy increased despite declining total births, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rising from 7.6% to 12.4%, and pregestational diabetes from 0.9% to 2.1%, reflecting older maternal age and pre-pregnancy obesity. Women with prior GDM had a higher risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 5.97 to 6.17).
Conclusion
Obesity and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent among Korean adults with diabetes, with abdominal obesity increasing over the past decade, and obesity disproportionately affects younger adults. Diabetes in pregnancy has also increased with older maternal age and worsening pre-pregnancy metabolic health, underscoring the need for early weight-focused prevention.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Comparative Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Obese and Non-Obese Diabetes in Korea
    Jin Hwa Kim, Bongseong Kim, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 267.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes in Pregnancy in Korea: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Postpartum Comorbidities
    Joon Ho Moon, Han Na Jung, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Sung Hee Choi
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 280.     CrossRef
Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Article image
Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Comparative Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Obese and Non-Obese Diabetes in Korea
Jin Hwa Kim, Bongseong Kim, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation and Obese Diabetes Task Force Team of the Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2026;50(2):267-279.   Published online March 1, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1160
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Background
The growing burden of obesity has profoundly influenced the epidemiology and phenotype of diabetes. This study aimed to compare the epidemiology and clinical features between obese and non-obese diabetes in Korean adults using nationwide database.
Methods
We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012–2023) to evaluate the prevalence and management of diabetes, as well as associated comorbidities. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were used to assess antidiabetic medication use, metabolic surgery trends, and cancer outcomes.
Results
Diabetes prevalence was nearly twice as high in adults with obesity compared with those without (17.6% vs. 9.5%), with the larger difference observed in individuals aged 30 to 59 years. Obese diabetes was associated with higher rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia and lower rates of achieving glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid targets; only 21.0% achieved all three goals. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones were more frequently prescribed in obese diabetes, overall use remained low. Metabolic surgery was less common in individuals with diabetes than in those without; sleeve gastrectomy predominated, while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed more often in those with diabetes. Higher body mass index was associated with increased incidence of thyroid, breast, prostate, and kidney cancers.
Conclusion
Obese diabetes represents a distinct, high-risk phenotype in Korea, characterized by a greater cardiometabolic burden and suboptimal risk-factor control. Comprehensive management strategies integrating weight reduction with metabolic and cardiovascular risk control are essential to improve outcomes in this population.
Review
Lifestyle and Behavioral Interventions
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Clinically Practical and Affordable Lifestyle Modification to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus in Real Practice
Inji Lee, Minji Kang, Ji Hye Choi, Hyunjung Lim, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(5):951-963.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0675
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As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to rise, the development of effective and sustainable prevention strategies has become a critical public health priority. Evidence from large-scale randomized controlled trials has established that lifestyle modification (LSM) programs can substantially reduce the risk of diabetes in high-risk individuals. However, routine implementation is limited by high intensity, costs, and resource requirements. We summarize major prevention trials and their effectiveness, feasibility, and limitations. Building on these insights, we introduce the Korean Diabetes Prevention Study (KDPS) as a contextually tailored model for the Korean healthcare system. The KDPS-LSM program was designed to integrate cultural and clinical relevance with practical applicability, consisting of a 6-month intensive phase of structured nutrition and lifestyle education followed by a maintenance phase to support long-term adherence. To promote sustainable change, the program incorporates the ‘10 habit’ lifestyle messages, grounded in the transtheoretical model of behavior change, which are designed for easy implementation in daily life. This review underscores the importance of developing culturally appropriate LSM programs that balance effectiveness with feasibility, and suggests that the KDPS-LSM model could serve as a useful foundation for establishing practical diabetes prevention strategies within national healthcare systems.
Original Articles
Complications
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Burden of End-Stage Kidney Disease by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Status in South Korea: A Nationwide Epidemiologic Study
Jwa-Kyung Kim, Han Na Jung, Bum Jun Kim, Boram Han, Ji Hye Huh, Eun Roh, Joo-Hee Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Jun Goo Kang
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(3):498-506.   Published online March 6, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0443
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  • 4 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Patients with diabetes are known to be at high risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but the accurate annual risk data for new-onset ESKD is still limited. In South Korea, the prevalence and incidence of ESKD are increasing more rapidly compared to the global average. This study aimed to determine the incidence rate (IR) of ESKD by diabetes status from 2012 to 2022.
Methods
Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we calculated the IR and hazard ratio (HR) for newonset ESKD in the general population. Individuals were categorized based on diabetes status into nondiabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes duration <5 and ≥5 years.
Results
Among the participants, 67.6% were nondiabetic, 22.3% had IFG, and 10% had diabetes. In Korea, the IRs of ESKD were 139 per million population (pmp) for nondiabetes, 188 pmp for IFG, 632 pmp for diabetes <5 years, and 3,403 pmp for diabetes ≥5 years. An advanced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) category was the strongest risk factor for ESKD development. However, even in patients with normal renal function, those with long-standing diabetes had a 14-fold higher risk of ESKD compared to nondiabetic individuals. The risk of ESKD associated with diabetes increased exponentially with declining renal function. Notably, IFG showed an increasing tendency for ESKD in younger patients (<65 years) with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²).
Conclusion
Longer diabetes duration amplifies ESKD risk, particularly as renal function declines. Even in patients with normal renal function, long-standing diabetes significantly increases ESKD risk, while IFG is associated with elevated risk only in younger individuals with early-stage CKD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict comorbid hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes
    Hailu Yang, Changfeng Fan, Chunyan Liu
    Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
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Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024
Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):24-33.   Published online January 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0818
Correction in: Diabetes Metab J 2025;49(3):524
  • 28,050 View
  • 1,686 Download
  • 35 Web of Science
  • 57 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults.
Methods
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2022) were analyzed to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, and comorbidities of diabetes. Comparisons between young and older adults with diabetes were emphasized.
Results
Among Korean adults aged ≥30 years, the prevalence of diabetes is 15.5% during 2021–2022. Of these, 74.7% were aware of their condition, 70.9% received antidiabetic treatment, and only 32.4% achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%. Moreover, 15.9% met the integrated management targets, which included HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. In young adults aged 19 to 39 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 2.2%. Among them, 43.3% were aware of their condition, 34.6% received treatment, and 29.6% achieved HbA1c <6.5%. Obesity affected 87.1%, and 26.9% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Among adults aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 29.3%, with awareness, treatment, and control rates of 78.8%, 75.7%, and 31.2%, respectively. Integrated management targets (HbA1c <7.5%, hypertension, and lipids) were achieved by 40.1%.
Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus remains highly prevalent among Korean adults, with significant gaps in integrated glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Older adults with diabetes show higher awareness and treatment rates but limited integrated management outcomes. Young adults with diabetes bear a significant burden of obesity and comorbidities, alongside low awareness and treatment rates. Therefore, early intervention programs, education, and strategies tailored to younger populations are urgently required.

Citations

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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(2): 267.     CrossRef
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  • Lifestyle Combination Patterns as Key Modifiable Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among Middle-Aged Korean Men
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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
Others
Article image
Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):13-21.   Published online January 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0780
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID), which contains nationwide real-world claims data including sociodemographic data, health care utilization data, health screening data, and healthcare provider information, is a powerful resource to test various hypotheses. It is also longitudinal in nature due to the recommended health checkup every 2 years and is appropriate for long-term follow-up study as well as evaluating the relationships between health outcomes and changes in parameters such as lifestyle factors, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory results. However, because these data are not collected for research purposes, precise operational definitions of diseases are required to facilitate big data analysis using the Korean NHID. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Korean NHID, operational definitions of diseases used for research related to diabetes, and introduce representative research for diabetes-related diseases using the Korean NHID.

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Original Articles
Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Statistics in Korea: Nationwide Data 2010 to 2019
Jin Hwa Kim, Junyeop Lee, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Taek Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, on Behalf of the Diabetic Vascular Disease Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1084-1092.   Published online November 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0275
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to provide updated insights into the incidence and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Korean adults with diabetes.
Methods
Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we analyzed the representative national estimates of CVD in adults with diabetes.
Results
The age- and sex-standardized incidence rate of ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) decreased from 2010 to 2019 in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, an increase in the incidence of heart failure (HF) was observed during the same period. Only 4.96% of adults with diabetes and CVD achieved optimal control of all three risk factors (glycemic levels, blood pressure, and lipid control). Additionally, high-intensity statin treatment rates were 8.84% and 9.15% in individuals with IHD and ischemic stroke, respectively. Treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) was relatively low in 2019, with only 11.87%, 7.10%, and 11.05% of individuals with IHD, ischemic stroke, and HF, respectively, receiving SGLT2i treatment. Furthermore, only 1.08%, 0.79%, and 1.06% of patients with IHD, ischemic stroke, and HF, respectively, were treated with GLP-1RA.
Conclusion
The incidence of most CVD (IHD, ischemic stroke, and PAD) decreased between 2010 and 2019, whereas the incidence of HF increased. The overall use of high-intensity statins, SGLT2i, and GLP-1RA remained low among individuals with T2DM and CVD.

Citations

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  • Nationwide Big Data Studies of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Research Trends and Standardization of Operational Definitions
    Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(1): 86.     CrossRef
  • Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
    Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Heterogeneity in the development of diabetes-related complications: narrative review of the roles of ancestry and geographical determinants
    Andrea O. Y. Luk, Yingnan Fan, Baoqi Fan, Edith W. K. Chow, Tony C. K. O
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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Association of Body Composition Changes with the Development of Diabetes Mellitus: A Nation-Wide Population Study
Hyung Jun Kim, Hyung-Woo Lee, Min-Kyoung Kang, Gwang Hyun Leem, Min-Ho Kim, Tae-Jin Song
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1093-1104.   Published online May 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0243
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We investigated the association between body composition changes and new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) development according to the body mass index (BMI) in a longitudinal setting in the general Korean population.
Methods
From 2010 to 2011 (1st) and 2012 to 2013 (2nd), we included 1,607,508 stratified random sample participants without DM from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening dataset of Korean. The predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (pASMMI), body fat mass index (pBFMI), and lean body mass index (pLBMI) were calculated using pre-validated anthropometric prediction equations. A prediction equation was constructed by combining age, weight, height, waist circumference, serum creatinine levels, alcohol consumption status, physical activity, and smoking history as variables affecting body composition.
Results
Decreased pASMMI (men: hazard ratio [HR], 0.866; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.830 to 0.903; P<0.001; women: HR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.635 to 0.881; P<0.001), decreased pLBMI (men: HR, 0.931; 95% CI, 0.912 to 0.952; P<0.001; women: HR, 0.906; 95% CI, 0.856 to 0.959; P=0.007), and increased pBFMI (men: HR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.050 to 1.096; P<0.001; women: HR, 1.114; 95% CI, 1.047 to 1.186; P=0.007) correlated with the development of new-onset DM. Notably, only in the overweight and obese BMI categories, decreases in pASMMI and pLBMI and increases in pBFMI associated with new-onset DM, regardless of gender.
Conclusion
Decreased pASMMI and pLBMI, and increased pBFMI with excess fat accumulation may enhance the risk of newonset DM. Therefore, appropriate changes in body composition can help prevent new-onset DM.

Citations

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Drug/Regimen
Article image
Safety and Effectiveness of Dulaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Real-World Post-Marketing Study
Jeonghee Han, Woo Je Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyoung Cho, Byung Wan Lee, Cheol-Young Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(3):418-428.   Published online February 2, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0030
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To investigate the real-world safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This was a real-world, prospective, non-interventional post-marketing safety study conducted from May 26, 2015 to May 25, 2021 at 85 Korean healthcare centers using electronic case data. Data on patients using dulaglutide 0.75 mg/0.5 mL or the dulaglutide 1.5 mg/0.5 mL single-use pens were collected and pooled. The primary objective was to report the frequency and proportion of adverse and serious adverse events that occurred. The secondary objective was to monitor the effectiveness of dulaglutide at 12 and 24 weeks by evaluating changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ), fasting plasma glucose, and body weight.
Results
Data were collected from 3,067 subjects, and 3,022 subjects who received ≥1 dose (of any strength) of dulaglutide were included in the safety analysis set (53% female, mean age 56 years; diabetes duration 11.2 years, mean HbA1c 8.8%). The number of adverse events reported was 819; of these, 68 (8.3%) were serious adverse events. One death was reported. Adverse events were mostly mild in severity; 60.81% of adverse events were considered related to dulaglutide. This study was completed by 72.73% (2,198/3,022) of subjects. At 12/24 weeks there were significant (P<0.0001) reductions from baseline in least-squares mean HbA1c (0.96%/0.95%), fasting blood glucose (26.24/24.43 mg/dL), and body weight (0.75/1.21 kg).
Conclusion
Dulaglutide was generally well tolerated and effective in real-world Korean individuals with T2DM. The results from this study contribute to the body of evidence for dulaglutide use in this population.

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    Marella Marassi, Gian Paolo Fadini
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Reviews
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Hepatic Fibrosis and Cancer: The Silent Threats of Metabolic Syndrome
Scott L. Friedman
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):161-169.   Published online January 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0240
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (fatty) liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is a worldwide epidemic that can lead to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The disease is typically a component of the metabolic syndrome that accompanies obesity, and is often overlooked because the liver manifestations are clinically silent until late-stage disease is present (i.e., cirrhosis). Moreover, Asian populations, including Koreans, have a higher fraction of patients who are lean, yet their illness has the same prognosis or worse than those who are obese. Nonetheless, ongoing injury can lead to hepatic inflammation and ballooning of hepatocytes as classic features. Over time, fibrosis develops following activation of hepatic stellate cells, the liver’s main fibrogenic cell type. The disease is usually more advanced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating that all diabetic patients should be screened for liver disease. Although there has been substantial progress in clarifying pathways of injury and fibrosis, there no approved therapies yet, but current research seeks to uncover the pathways driving hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in hopes of identifying new therapeutic targets. Emerging molecular methods, especially single cell sequencing technologies, are revolutionizing our ability to clarify mechanisms underlying MASLD-associated fibrosis and HCC.

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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Article image
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Won Suk Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):575-594.   Published online September 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0282
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
In May 2023, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association published the revised clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes. We incorporated the latest clinical research findings through a comprehensive systematic literature review and applied them in a manner suitable for the Korean population. These guidelines are designed for all healthcare providers nationwide, including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators who manage patients with diabetes or individuals at risk of developing diabetes. Based on recent changes in international guidelines and the results of a Korean epidemiological study, the recommended age for diabetes screening has been lowered. In collaboration with the relevant Korean medical societies, recently revised guidelines for managing hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes have been incorporated into this guideline. An abridgment containing practical information on patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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Original Articles
Guideline/Fact Sheet
Article image
Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022
Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):632-642.   Published online August 2, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0135
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022.
Methods
We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020.
Results
In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia—more than one out of three conditions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] [men and women] <40 mg/dL)—was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL.
Conclusion
Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.

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Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Cardiovascular Outcomes according to Comorbidities and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sang Hyun Park, Hyeon Chang Kim, Byung Jin Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Seonghoon Choi, Jin Oh Na, Young Youl Hyun, Bum Joon Kim, Kyung-Do Han, In-Kyung Jeong, on Behalf of the Committee of Practice Guideline of Korean Lipid and Atheroscelerosis
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):45-58.   Published online January 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0344
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
There are no clear data to support the cardiovascular (CV) risk categories and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals in Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to comorbidities and suggested LDL-C treatment goals in Korean people with T2DM in nationwide cohort data.
Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 248,002 people aged 30 to 90 years with T2DM who underwent routine health check-ups during 2009 were included. Subjects with previous CVD were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke during the follow-up period from 2009 to 2018.
Results
The mean age of the study participants was 59.6±10.9 years, and median follow-up period was 9.3 years. CVD incidence increased in the order of DM duration of 5 years or more (12.04/1,000 person-years), hypertension (HT) (12.27/1,000 personyears), three or more CV risk factors (14.10/1,000 person-years), and chronic kidney disease (18.28/1,000 person-years). The risk of incident CVD increased linearly from an LDL-C level of ≥70 mg/dL in most patients with T2DM. In T2DM patients without HT or with a DM duration of less than 5 years, the CVD incidence increased from LDL-C level of ≥100 mg/dL.
Conclusion
For primary prevention of CVD in Korean adults with T2DM, it can be helpful to lower LDL-C targets when there are chronic kidney disease, HT, a long duration of diabetes mellitus, or three or more CV risk factors.

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Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
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Association between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Junghyun Noh, Min Kyong Moon, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sang Hyun Park, Hyeon Chang Kim, Byung Jin Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Seonghoon Choi, Jin Oh Na, Young Youl Hyun, Bum Joon Kim, Kyung-Do Han, In-Kyung Jeong, on Behalf of the Committee of Practice Guideline of Korean Lipid and Atheroscelerosis
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):59-71.   Published online January 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0320
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Background
To validate the treatment target of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level according to the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk which was recommended by Korean dyslipidemia guideline.
Methods
We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database which included 3,958,048 people aged 20 to 89 years who underwent regular health screening. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke during the follow-up period from 2009 to 2018.
Results
The risk of CVD increased from LDL-C level of 70 mg/dL in very high-risk and high-risk groups and from 130 mg/dL in moderate-risk and low-risk groups. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of LDL-C ranges 70–99, 100–129, 130–159, 160–189, and ≥190 mg/dL were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.33), 1.27 (1.15–1.42), 1.39 (1.23–1.56), 1.69 (1.45–1.96), and 1.84 (1.49– 2.27) in very high-risk group, and 1.07 (1.02–1.13), 1.16 (1.10–1.21), 1.29 (1.22–1.36), 1.45 (1.36–1.55), and 1.73 (1.58–1.90) in high-risk group. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) of LDL-C ranges 130–159, 160–189, and ≥190 mg/dL were 1.15 (1.11–1.20), 1.28 (1.22– 1.34), and 1.45 (1.36–1.54) in moderate-risk group and 1.07 (1.02–1.13), 1.20 (1.13–1.26), and 1.47 (1.37–1.57) in low-risk group.
Conclusion
We confirmed the incidence of CVD was increased in higher LDL-C range. The risk of CVD increased from ≥70 mg/dL of LDL-C in very high-risk and high-risk groups, and from ≥130 mg/dL of LDL-C in moderate-risk and low-risk groups in Korean adults.

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Review
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Current Trends of Big Data Research Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(4):552-563.   Published online July 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0193
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Recently, medical research using big data has become very popular, and its value has become increasingly recognized. The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID) is representative of big data that combines information obtained from the National Health Insurance Service collected for claims and reimbursement of health care services and results obtained from general health examinations provided to all Korean adults. This database has several strengths and limitations. Given the large size, various laboratory data, and questionnaires obtained from medical check-ups, their longitudinal nature, and long-term accumulation of data since 2002, carefully designed studies may provide valuable information that is difficult to obtain from other forms of research. However, consideration of possible bias and careful interpretation when defining causal relationships is also important because the data were not collected for research purposes. After the NHID became publicly available, research and publications based on this database have increased explosively, especially in the field of diabetes and metabolism. This article reviews the history, structure, and characteristics of the Korean NHID. Recent trends in big data research using this database, commonly used operational diagnosis, and representative studies have been introduced. We expect further progress and expansion of big data research using the Korean NHID.

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Original Article
Guideline/Fact Sheet
Article image
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea 2021
Jae Hyun Bae, Kyung-Do Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ye Seul Yang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Mook Choi, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyu Chang Won, on Behalf of the Committee of Media-Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):417-426.   Published online May 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0106
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus, risk-factor control, and comorbidities among Korean adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, comorbidities, and self-management behaviors of diabetes mellitus from 2019 to 2020. We also analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service to evaluate the use of antidiabetic medications in people with diabetes mellitus from 2002 through 2018.
Results
Among Korean adults aged 30 years or older, the estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 16.7% in 2020. From 2019 through 2020, 65.8% of adults with diabetes mellitus were aware of the disease and treated with antidiabetic medications. The percentage of adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% was 24.5% despite the increased use of new antidiabetic medications. We found that adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved all three goals of HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure (BP) <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL were 9.7%. The percentage of self-management behaviors was lower in men than women. Excess energy intake was observed in 16.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults remained high. Only 9.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus achieved all glycemic, BP, and lipid controls from 2019 to 2020. Continuous evaluation of national diabetes statistics and a national effort to increase awareness of diabetes mellitus and improve comprehensive diabetes care are needed.

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Brief Report
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Trends in the Prevalence of Obesity and Its Phenotypes Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2017 in Korea
Sang Ouk Chin, You-Cheol Hwang, Hong-Yup Ahn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(5):808-812.   Published online March 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0226
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  • 6 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII from 2007 to identify the prevalence of obesity and its phenotypes (metabolically unhealthy obesity [MUO] and metabolically healthy obesity [MHO]) and their secular changes. The prevalence of obesity in Korea increased with significant secular changes observed (β=0.326, P trend <0.01) between 2007 and 2017, and especially in men (β=0.682, P trend <0.001) but not in women. The changes in the prevalence of obesity during the study period were different between men and women (P=0.001). The prevalence of MUO significantly increased only in men (β=0.565, P trend <0.01), while that of MHO increased only in women (β=0.179, P<0.05), especially in the younger age group (β=0.308, P<0.01).

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Original Article
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Increased Visit-to-Visit Liver Enzyme Variability Is Associated with Incident Diabetes: A Community-Based 12-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Kyuhoon Bang, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, You-Cheol Hwang
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):890-898.   Published online March 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0208
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Fatty liver and/or increased liver enzyme values have been reported to be associated with incident diabetes. We sought to determine whether increased visit-to-visit liver enzyme variability is associated with incident diabetes.
Methods
Study participants were recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES). A total of 4,151 people aged 40 to 69 years was recruited and tested every 2 years for up to 12 years. Visit-to-visit aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) variability was evaluated in first the 6-year period through the use of various variability measurements: standard deviation (SD), average successive variability, coefficient of variation (CV), and variation independent of mean (VIM). Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at every visit.
Results
During the 6-year follow‐up appointments, 13.0% (538/4,151) of people developed incident diabetes. Visit-to-visit AST variability was associated with an increased risk of diabetes independent of conventional risk factors for diabetes (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment [95% confidence interval]: 1.06 [1.00 to 1.11], 1.12 [1.04 to 1.21], and 1.13 [1.04 to 1.22] for SD, CV, and VIM, respectively; all P<0.05); however, no such associations were observed in the visit-to-visit ALT variability. According to alcohol consumption status, both AST and ALT variability were independent predictors for incident diabetes in subjects with heavy alcohol consumption; however, neither AST nor ALT variability was associated with diabetes risk in subjects who did not drink alcohol heavily.
Conclusion
Visit-to-visit liver enzyme variability is an independent predictor of incident diabetes. Such association was more evident in those who consumed significant amounts of alcohol.
Brief Report
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Long-Term Glycaemic Durability of Early Combination Therapy Strategy versus Metformin Monotherapy in Korean Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Soon-Jib Yoo, Sang-Ah Chang, Tae Seo Sohn, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jong Min Lee, Sungdae Moon, Pieter Proot, Päivi M Paldánius, Kun Ho Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):954-959.   Published online November 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0173
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
We assessed the glycaemic durability with early combination (EC; vildagliptin+metformin [MET], n=22) versus MET monotherapy (n=17), among newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) enrolled (between 2012 and 2014) in the VERIFY study from Korea (n=39). Primary endpoint was time to initial treatment failure (TF) (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.0% at two consecutive scheduled visits after randomization [end of period 1]). Time to second TF was assessed when both groups were receiving and failing on the combination (end of period 2). With EC the risk of initial TF significantly reduced by 78% compared to MET (n=3 [15%] vs. n=10 [58.7%], P=0.0228). No secondary TF occurred in EC group versus five patients (29.4%) in MET. Patients receiving EC treatment achieved consistently lower HbA1c levels. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated with no hypoglycaemic events. In Korean patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, EC treatment significantly and consistently improved the long-term glycaemic durability as compared with MET.

Citations

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  • Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy
    Hariballav Mahapatra, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Ajo Paul, Amit Nampalliwar, Manju Bansal, Baijnath Das, K. Parameswaran Namboothiri
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae J
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 575.     CrossRef
  • 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim,
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 461.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Technology/Device
Article image
Data Configuration and Publication Trends for the Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Database
Hae Kyung Kim, Sun Ok Song, Junghyun Noh, In-Kyung Jeong, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(5):671-678.   Published online October 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0207
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  • 302 Download
  • 115 Web of Science
  • 123 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Big data reports related to diseases and health care for the Korean population have been published since the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Service provided limited open access to their databases. Here, we reviewed the structure, content, and means of using data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system for the benefit of Korean researchers and presented the latest publication trends in Korean healthcare data procured from the NHI and HIRA databases.
Methods
Since 2013, researchers have been able to obtain nationwide population-based studies using the NHI and HIRA databases of the insured. We searched publications using the NHI and the HIRA databases between 2013 and 2019 retrieved from PubMed.
Results
The NHI and HIRA databases provide nationwide population-based data. The total number of publications from 2014 to 2019 using NHI and HIRA databases is 2,541 and 655, respectively. A total of 5,465 endocrinology-related studies were performed during 2014 to 2019.
Conclusion
The NHIS and HIRA databases have provided tools for guidelines to approach world-leading population-based epidemiology and disease research.

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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011)
Sook-Hyun Jun, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Yookyung Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(1):143-157.   Published online December 2, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0078
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent.

Methods

We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes.

Results

Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week<soybean food≤17 times/week) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. After excluding Tofu products, ORs of CMS, AO, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were lower than those without excluding Tofu products. However, results still did not show significant inverse linear trend across frequency quintiles.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that soybean intake of 8.5 to 17 times/week was inversely associated with CMS in Korean women. The relation between soybean intake >17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.

Citations

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Epidemiology
Article image
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2018: An Appraisal of Current Status
Bo-Yeon Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):487-494.   Published online July 17, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0067
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged 30 years and older.

Methods

This study used 2013 to 2016 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally-representative survey of the Korean population. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, current use of antidiabetic medication, a previous history of diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%.

Results

In 2016, 14.4% (approximately 5.02 million) of Korean adults had diabetes. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.3% (8.71 million). From 2013 to 2016, the awareness, control, and treatment rates for diabetes were 62.6%, 56.7%, and 25.1%, respectively. People with diabetes had the following comorbidities: obesity (50.4%), abdominal obesity (47.8%), hypertension (55.3%), and hypercholesterolemia (34.9%). The 25.1%, 68.4%, and 44.2% of people with diabetes achieved HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Only 8.4% of people with diabetes had good control of all three targets.

Conclusion

This study confirms that diabetes is as an important public health problem. Efforts should be made to increase awareness, detection, and comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.

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Epidemiology
High Proportion of Adult Cases and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population in Korea: A Nationwide Study
You-Bin Lee, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Seung-Eun Lee, Ji Eun Jun, Jiyeon Ahn, Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(1):76-89.   Published online August 22, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0048
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

The prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in all age groups and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with T1DM in Korea were estimated.

Methods

The incidence and prevalence of T1DM between 2007 and 2013 were calculated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) datasets of claims. Clinical characteristics and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with T1DM between 2009 and 2013 were determined using the database of NHIS preventive health checkups.

Results

The prevalence of T1DM in Korea between 2007 and 2013 was 0.041% to 0.047%. The annual incidence rate of T1DM in Korea in 2007 to 2013 was 2.73 to 5.02/100,000 people. Although the incidence rate of typical T1DM was highest in teenagers, it remained steady in adults over 30 years of age. In contrast, the incidence rate of atypical T1DM in 2013 was higher in people aged 40 years or older than in younger age groups. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with T1DM was 51.65% to 55.06% between 2009 and 2013.

Conclusion

T1DM may be more common in Korean adults than previously believed. Metabolic syndrome may be a frequent finding in individuals with T1DM in Korea.

Citations

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Epidemiology
Article image
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 2016: An Appraisal of Current Status
Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):415-424.   Published online August 9, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0017
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

This report presents the recent prevalence and comorbidities related to diabetes in Korea by analyzing the nationally representative data.

Methods

Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013 to 2014, the percentages and the total number of subjects over the age of 30 years with diabetes and prediabetes were estimated and applied to the National Population Census in 2014. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on fasting plasma glucose (≥126 mg/dL), current taking of antidiabetic medication, history of previous diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting plasma glucose in the range of 100 to 125 mg/dL among those without diabetes.

Results

About 4.8 million (13.7%) Korean adults (≥30 years old) had diabetes, and about 8.3 million (24.8%) Korean adults had IFG. However, 29.3% of the subjects with diabetes are not aware of their condition. Of the subjects with diabetes, 48.6% and 54.7% were obese and hypertensive, respectively, and 31.6% had hypercholesterolemia. Although most subjects with diabetes (89.1%) were under medical treatment, and mostly being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (80.2%), 10.8% have remained untreated. With respect to overall glycemic control, 43.5% reached the target of HbA1c <7%, whereas 23.3% reached the target when the standard was set to HbA1c <6.5%, according to the Korean Diabetes Association guideline.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a major public health threat in Korea, but a significant proportion of adults were not controlling their illness. We need comprehensive approaches to overcome the upcoming diabetes-related disease burden in Korea.

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Clinical Diabetes and Therapeutics
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Surrogate Marker of Early Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
So Young Park, Sang Ook Chin, Sang Youl Rhee, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(4):285-295.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0080
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Carotid artery intima medial thickness (IMT), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) are commonly used surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a complement to the baPWV, which is affected by blood pressure. However, it is unclear which marker is the most sensitive predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods

This was a retrospective non-interventional study that enrolled 219 patients with T2DM. The correlations among IMT, ABI, and CAVI as well as the relationship of these tests to the 10-year ASCVD risk were also analyzed.

Results

Among the 219 patients, 39 (17.8%) had ASCVD. In the non-ASCVD group, CAVI correlated significantly with IMT after adjusting for confounding variables, but ABI was not associated with CAVI or IMT. The analyses after dividing the non-ASCVD group into three subgroups according to the CAVI score (<8, ≥8 and <9, and ≥9) demonstrated the significant increase in the mean IMT, 10-year ASCVD risk and number of metabolic syndrome risk factors, and decrease in the mean ABI in the high-CAVI group. A high CAVI was an independent risk factor in the non-ASCVD group for both a high 10-year ASCVD risk (≥7.5%; odds ratio [OR], 2.42; P<0.001) and atherosclerosis (mean IMT ≥1 mm; OR, 1.53; P=0.007).

Conclusion

In Korean patients with T2DM without ASCVD, CAVI was the most sensitive of several surrogate markers for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.

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Epidemiology
Development and Validation of the Korean Diabetes Risk Score: A 10-Year National Cohort Study
Kyoung Hwa Ha, Yong-ho Lee, Sun Ok Song, Jae-woo Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Kyung-hee Cho, Dae Jung Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):402-414.   Published online July 6, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0014
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

A diabetes risk score in Korean adults was developed and validated.

Methods

This study used the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) of 359,349 people without diabetes at baseline to derive an equation for predicting the risk of developing diabetes, using Cox proportional hazards regression models. External validation was conducted using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Calibration and discrimination analyses were performed separately for men and women in the development and validation datasets.

Results

During a median follow-up of 10.8 years, 37,678 cases (event rate=10.4 per 1,000 person-years) of diabetes were identified in the development cohort. The risk score included age, family history of diabetes, alcohol intake (only in men), smoking status, physical activity, use of antihypertensive therapy, use of statin therapy, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and γ glutamyl transferase (only in women). The C-statistics for the models for risk at 10 years were 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.73) for the men and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.78) for the women in the development dataset. In the validation dataset, the C-statistics were 0.63 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.73) for men and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.76) for women.

Conclusion

The Korean Diabetes Risk Score may identify people at high risk of developing diabetes and may be an effective tool for delaying or preventing the onset of condition as risk management strategies involving modifiable risk factors can be recommended to those identified as at high risk.

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Review
Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Article image
Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):367-373.   Published online October 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.367
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) has regularly updated its Clinical Practice Guidelines. In 2017, the KDA published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Growing evidence from new multinational clinical trials using novel and traditional insulin analogues has also been accumulated. Following global trends, many results of clinical trials, especially concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin therapy, have been published about Korean patients with T2DM. After a systematic search of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the initiation, choice, and intensification of insulin and created an insulin treatment algorithm for the first time to guide physicians caring for adult Korean patients with T2DM.

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Addition of Ipragliflozin to Metformin Treatment in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Subgroup Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial
Kyung-Wan Min, Bon Jeong Ku, Ji-Hyun Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Kyu-Jeung Ahn, Moon-Kyu Lee, Satoshi Kokubo, Satoshi Yoshida, Hyun-Ji Cho, Bong-Soo Cha
Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(2):135-145.   Published online January 11, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.135
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

This is a subgroup analysis of Korean patients from a phase 3 clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin.

Methods

This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was carried out between November 2011 and January 2013. Patients entered a 2-week placebo pretreatment period, followed by a 24-week treatment period with either ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) or placebo, while continuing metformin. Efficacy outcomes (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting plasma glucose [FPG], and body weight) and safety outcomes (treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs]) were measured and compared between the two treatment groups for patients enrolled in all 18 study sites in Korea.

Results

Eighty-two Korean patients received ipragliflozin (n=43) or placebo (n=39) during the study period. Mean changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to the end of treatment were –0.97% in the ipragliflozin group and –0.31% in the placebo group, with an adjusted between-group difference of –0.60% (P<0.001). Compared to placebo, FPG and body weight also decreased significantly (both P<0.001) from baseline after treatment in the ipragliflozin group, with between-group differences of –21.4 mg/dL and –1.53 kg, respectively. Decreased weight was the most common TEAE in the ipragliflozin group (7.0%); there were no reports of genital and urinary tract infection.

Conclusion

Ipragliflozin treatment in addition to metformin led to significant improvement in glycemic outcomes and reduction in body weight in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with metformin treatment alone; the safety profile was comparable in both groups.

Citations

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  • Comparing SGLT2i and Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Dual Therapy Add‐On to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    Yuhang Ma, Yi Lin, Xiaoying Ding, Yongde Peng
    Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of glucose metabolism with advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and prediction model development in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Qi Sun, Xinyi Yan, Xiaofeng Li, Yilun Lu, Dongqin Wei, Hai Zhang, Caoxu Zhang, Yu Shi, Yunjuan Gu
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jing Wang, Xin Li, Yang Li, Chen Lei
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of ipragliflozin on liver enzymes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Rizwana Parveen, Shadan Hussain, Sparsh Saini, Parvej Khan, Nilanjan Saha, Nidhi
    Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.2024; 25(7): 925.     CrossRef
  • Add-on therapy with dapagliflozin in routine outpatient care of type 2 diabetes patients from Turkey: a retrospective cohort study on HbA1c, body weight, and blood pressure outcomes
    Derun Taner Ertugrul, Erdal Kan, Cigdem Bahadir Tura, Haci Bayram Tugtekin, Hayati Ayakta, Mehmet Celebioglu, Ceren Yılmaz, Onur Utebay, Ilhan Yetkin, Eren Gurkan, Kerem Sezer, Ramazan Gen, Suleyman Ozcaylak, Yildiz Okuturlar, Mehmet Coskun, Nilgun Govec
    International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2022; 42(1): 147.     CrossRef
  • SGLT2 Inhibitors as Add-On Therapy to Metformin for People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Placebo-Controlled Trials in Asian versus Non-Asian Patients


    André J Scheen
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 2765.     CrossRef
  • Ipragliflozin Additively Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Controlled with Metformin and Pioglitazone: A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
    Eugene Han, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(1): 259.     CrossRef
  • Safety of Ipragliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pooled Analysis of Phase II/III/IV Clinical Trials
    Atsunori Kashiwagi, Marina V. Shestakova, Yuichiro Ito, Masahiro Noguchi, Wim Wilpshaar, Satoshi Yoshida, John P. H. Wilding
    Diabetes Therapy.2019; 10(6): 2201.     CrossRef
  • Mechanistic effects of SGLT2 inhibition on blood pressure in diabetes
    Habib Yaribeygi, Stephen L. Atkin, Amirhossein Sahebkar
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(2): 1679.     CrossRef
  • Ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An evidence-based pharmacoeconomics evaluation
    Hongmei Wang, Gaoqiong Yao, Xi Chen, Jing Ouyang, Jiadan Yang
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2019; 157: 107867.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Dapagliflozin Responders: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Nationwide Dapagliflozin Surveillance Study in Korea
    Eugene Han, Ari Kim, Sung Jae Lee, Je-Yon Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Woo Je Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
    Diabetes Therapy.2018; 9(4): 1689.     CrossRef
  • A phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy to metformin in Russian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Marina V. Shestakova, John P.H. Wilding, Wim Wilpshaar, Reiner Tretter, Valeria L. Orlova, Andrey F. Verbovoy
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2018; 146: 240.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as an add‐on therapy to sitagliptin and metformin in Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
    Kyung‐Ah Han, Suk Chon, Choon Hee Chung, Soo Lim, Kwan‐Woo Lee, SeiHyun Baik, Chang Hee Jung, Dong‐Sun Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Kun‐Ho Yoon, In‐Kyu Lee, Bong‐Soo Cha, Taishi Sakatani, Sumi Park, Moon‐Kyu Lee
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2018; 20(10): 2408.     CrossRef
  • Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 337.     CrossRef
  • Antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2017: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 947.     CrossRef
  • Combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Min Kyong Moon, Kyu Yeon Hur, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan-Hee Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 974.     CrossRef
  • Combination Therapy of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    Min Kyong Moon, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan-Hee Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 357.     CrossRef
Epidemiology
Application of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guideline to the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1998 to 2012
Young Shin Song, Tae Jung Oh, Kyoung Min Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Soo Lim
Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(1):38-50.   Published online December 16, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.1.38
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline for the treatment of blood cholesterol recommends statin therapy for individuals at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The aim of this study was to investigate serial trends in the percentages of Korean adults considered eligible for statin therapy according to the new ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline.

Methods

Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) I (1998, n=7,698), II (2001, n=5,654), III (2005, n=5,269), IV (2007 to 2009, n=15,727), and V (2010 to 2012, n=16,304), which used a stratified, multistage, probability sampling design, were used as representative of the entire Korean population.

Results

The percentage of adults eligible for statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline increased with time: 17.0%, 19.0%, 20.8%, 20.2%, and 22.0% in KNHANES I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively (P=0.022). The prevalence of ASCVD was 1.4% in KNHANES I and increased to 3.3% in KNHANES V. The percentage of diabetic patients aged 40 to 75 years with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 70 to 189 mg/dL increased from 4.8% in KNHANES I to 6.1% in KNHANES V. People with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% and aged 40 to 75 years accounted for the largest percentage among the four statin benefit groups: 9.1% in KNHANES I and 11.0% in KNHANES V.

Conclusion

Application of the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline has found that the percentage of Korean adults in the statin benefit groups has increased over the past 15 years.

Citations

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  • Sex differences in risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism
    Jeonghoon Ha, Jeongmin Lee, Kwanhoon Jo, Dong-Jun Lim, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Min-Hee Kim
    Endocrine Connections.2018; 7(4): 511.     CrossRef
Clinical Care/Education
Factors Associated with Participation in Diabetes Education: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2009
Jung Min Kim, Jae Won Hong, Jung Hyun Noh, Dong-Jun Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):447-453.   Published online September 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.447
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

A recent study revealed that the participation rate in diabetes education among diabetic patients was only about 50% in Korea. We investigated the factors associated with participation in diabetes education.

Methods

The study included 1,255 patients (≥19 years old) diagnosed with diabetes drawn from the total Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2009 population comprising 30,705 individuals. We compared age, sex, and age- and sex-adjusted clinical characteristics in patients who had received diabetes education versus those who had not.

Results

Of the 1,255 patients, 19.8% (n=248) had received diabetes education. Patients in the group who received diabetes education were younger, diagnosed at an earlier age, had a longer diabetes duration and were more likely to be using insulin therapy compared with the group who did not receive diabetes education (P<0.001). The group who received diabetes education included fewer manual workers (P<0.001) but more college graduates (P=0.004) compared with the group who did not receive diabetes education. Logistic regression analysis revealed that longer diabetes duration increased the likelihood of receiving diabetes education (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.06; P=0.004). Junior high school (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.91; P=0.026) and elementary school education levels (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.65; P=0.001) versus college graduation were inversely correlated with participation in diabetes self-management education. Non-insulin therapy reduced the likelihood of receiving diabetes education (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.64; P<0.001).

Conclusion

Longer diabetes duration, insulin therapy, and higher education level were positively associated with the completion of diabetes education.

Citations

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    Chen Chen, Xingyu Liu, Jieqiong Zhang, Shuchen Hu, Jinwei Zhang, Xiaoyong Liu, Caijun Yang, Yu Fang
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    Eunji Nam, Changyong Choi, Jeongmyeong Lee
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    Jin Hee Jung, Jung Hwa Lee, Hyang Mi Jang, Young Na, Hee Sun Choi, Yeon Hee Lee, Yang Gyo Kang, Na Rae Kim, Jeong Rim Lee, Bok Rye Song, Kang Hee Sim
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    Javad Javan-Noughabi, Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee, Sajad Vahedi, Tahere Sharifi
    BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Young-Hoon Lee
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(2): 169.     CrossRef
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    Xiu-Jing Hu, Hua-Feng Wu, Yu-Ting Li, Yi Wang, Hui Cheng, Jia-Ji Wang, Bedru H. Mohammed, Isabella Tan, Harry H.X. Wang
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 170: 108539.     CrossRef
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    Junrong Shi, Yong Li
    American Journal of Health Education.2019; 50(1): 6.     CrossRef
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    Lifeng Fan, Souraya Sidani
    Canadian Journal of Diabetes.2018; 42(6): 645.     CrossRef
  • Antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2017: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 947.     CrossRef
  • Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 337.     CrossRef
Review
Epidemiology
Are We in the Same Risk of Diabetes Mellitus? Gender- and Age-Specific Epidemiology of Diabetes in 2001 to 2014 in the Korean Population
Bo Kyung Koo, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):175-181.   Published online May 24, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.175
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

In the early 2000s, the prevalence of diabetes in adults aged ≥30 years in Korea was about 9% to 10%, and it remained stable. However, a nationwide survey showed that this prevalence increased over the past few years. After age-standardization using the Korean population of the year 2010, the prevalence of diabetes in adults aged ≥30 years was 10.0% to 10.8% between 2001 and 2012, which increased to 12.5% in 2013 and 11.6% in 2014. During that period, there have been changes in the gender- and age-specific prevalence of diabetes in Korean adults. The prevalence of diabetes in the elderly population increased significantly, while this prevalence in young adults, especially in young women, did not change significantly. The contribution of each diabetic risk factor, such as obesity, β-cell dysfunction, sarcopenia, and socioeconomic status, in developing diabetes has also changed during that period in each gender and age group. For young women, obesity was the most important risk factor; by contrast, for elderly diabetic patients, sarcopenia was more important than obesity as a risk factor. Considering the economic burden of diabetes and its associated comorbidities, a public health policy targeting the major risk factors in each population might be more effective in preventing diabetes.

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Brief Report
Epidemiology
Data Analytic Process of a Nationwide Population-Based Study Using National Health Information Database Established by National Health Insurance Service
Yong-ho Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Soo Ko, Ki-Up Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(1):79-82.   Published online February 19, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.79
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

In 2014, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Diabetes Association to provide limited open access to its databases for investigating the past and current status of diabetes and its management. NHIS databases include the entire Korean population; therefore, it can be used as a population-based nationwide study for various diseases, including diabetes and its complications. This report presents how we established the analytic system of nation-wide population-based studies using the NHIS database as follows: the selection of database study population and its distribution and operational definition of diabetes and patients of currently ongoing collaboration projects.

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    Journal of Clinical Lipidology.2025; 19(2): 267.     CrossRef
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    Kyuho Kim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yoo Hyun Um, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wonyoung Jung, Sang Hyun Park, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Yun-Mi Song, Jae Hyun Park, Jonghan Yu, In Young Cho, Bong Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 210(3): 583.     CrossRef
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    Da Young Lee, Jun Sung Moon, Inha Jung, Seung Min Chung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyung‐do Han, Nan Hee Kim
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(3): 1554.     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 13.     CrossRef
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    Young-eun Kim, Min Heui Yu, Chung Mo Nam, Eun Seok Kang
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 252.     CrossRef
  • The influence of uterine leiomyomatosis on the onset of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study of 2.5 million Korean females
    Yeong Ho Kim, Hyun Jee Kim, Jee Yun Doh, Kyung Do Han, Ji Hyun Lee
    BMC Women's Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Higher suicide risk in type 1 diabetes compared to cancer and the general population in Korea
    Seohyun Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You‐Bin Lee, Sang‐Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Gyuri Kim
    Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 297(4): 423.     CrossRef
  • Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea: Latest Clinical and Epidemiologic Trends
    Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyuna Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Ocular motor cranial neuropathy and risk of thyroid cancer: A Korean population-based study
    Jaeryung Kim, Kyung-Ah Park, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sei Yeul Oh, Soolienah Rhiu, Xing Xiong,
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319872.     CrossRef
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    Wonyoung Jung, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Jonghan Yu, Ji Hyun An, Hong Jin Jeon, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Dong Wook Shin
    Journal of Cancer Survivorship.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kyu Yean Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Seung Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Seung Hoon Kim, Shin Young Kim, Sung Kyoung Kim, Fredirick Lazaro mashili
    PLOS One.2025; 20(4): e0322616.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Income Dynamics and Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A South Korean Population–Based Cohort Study
    Min Woo Kang, Jae-ik Oh, Jinsun Lee, Minsang Kim, Jung Hun Koh, Jeong Min Cho, Seong Geun Kim, Semin Cho, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sehoon Park
    American Journal of Kidney Diseases.2025; 86(2): 166.     CrossRef
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    Koh-Eun Shin, Byoungduck Han, Gyu Bae Lee, Jihyun Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Yang-Hyun Kim
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2025; 7(2): 28.     CrossRef
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    Koh Eun Shin, Gyu Bae Lee, Kyungdo Han, Ho-Sung Son, Jae-Seung Jung, Byoung Duck Han, Yang-Hyun Kim, Hee Jung Kim
    Journal of Cardiology.2025; 86(4): 380.     CrossRef
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    Ju-Yeun Lee, Minha Hong, Young Hee Jung, Seo Young Sohn
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2025; 385: 119386.     CrossRef
  • Proteinuria is risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a nationwide population-based study
    Kang Woong Jun, Ju-hwan Yoo, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-jai Ko, Hyung-jin Cho, Mi-hyeong Kim, Kyung-do Han, Jeong-kye Hwang
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Time to Insulin Therapy and Severe Hypoglycemia in Korean Adults Initially Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study
    You-Bin Lee, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, So Hee Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(3): 421.     CrossRef
  • Impact of early or delayed anti-hypertensive medication on cardiovascular outcomes for newly detected hypertension in general health screenings: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
    Min Woo Kang, Jinsun Lee, Jae-ik Oh, Minsang Kim, Jung Hun Koh, Jeong Min Cho, Seong Geun Kim, Sehyun Jung, Semin Cho, Soojin Lee, Eunjeong Kang, Yaerim Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sehoon Park
    European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combined impact of prediabetes and fatty liver index on cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in middle aged adults: a nationwide cohort study
    Young Sang Lyu, Minae Park, Hee Kyung Kim, Sojeong Park, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Seogsong Jeong, Youngmin Yoon, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Wonsuk Choi
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dose-Response Association between Alcohol Consumption and Kidney Cancer Risk Differs According to Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study of 9.4 Million Individuals
    Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Jay J. Shen, Se Hoon Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(4): 1178.     CrossRef
  • Risk of age-related macular degeneration according to the chronic kidney disease and proteinuria in Korea: a 10-year nationwide cohort study
    Junhee Park, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Kyungho Lee, Hye Ryoun Jang, Je Moon Yoon, Dong Hui Lim, Dong Wook Shin
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current treatment status of fabry disease in South Korea: a longitudinal National health insurance service data-based study
    DoHyeon Lee, Samel Park, Hyejin Yu, Eunjung Cho, Seung Seok Han, Eun Sil Koh, Byung Ha Chung, Kyung Hwan Jeong, Soo Jeong Choi, Eun Young Lee, Su Hyun Kim, Eun Hui Bae, Sunyong Yoo, Young Joo Kwon
    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Optic neuritis as a link between autoimmunity and dementia risk
    Jaeryung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-hyung Jung, Sei Yeul Oh, Kyung-Ah Park, Ju-Hong Min
    Communications Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increasing Diabetes Incidence and Prevalence Among Koreans Aged Under 30 Years: Socioeconomic Disparities
    Hwa Young Kim, Eunjeong Ji, Jaehyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Obesity and the Risk of Migraine
    Soo-Im Jang, Namoh Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mi Ji Lee
    Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.2025; 78(5): 429.     CrossRef
  • The influence of diabetic retinopathy on the risk of dementia: A nationwide cohort study
    Chaeyeon Lee, Sungsoon Hwang, Mina Kim, Yoonjong Bae, Tae-Young Chung, Hyemin Jang, Dong Hui Lim
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in Prevalence of Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic and Renal Complications in Korea: A Nationwide Study 2007 to 2022
    Eugene Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Jangho Lee, Yong-ho Lee
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2025; 34(4): 414.     CrossRef
  • Effect of hysterectomy on risk of thyroid cancer and benign thyroid disorders in South Korean women
    Jin-Sung Yuk, Sang-Hee Yoon
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Chronic opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of cardiovascular events: a National Health Insurance database analysis
    Jeonggeun Moon, In Cheol Hwang, Hyunsun Lim, Youngmin Park
    Coronary Artery Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Various Antihypertensive Drug Compliance Models and Cardiovascular Prognosis of People With Incidentally Detected High Blood Pressure During Health Check‐Up in Korea
    Jong-Kwan Park, Sungyoun Chun, Joongmin Kim, Hancheol Lee, Ji-Yong Jang, Kyeong-Hyeon Chun, Hyeongsoo Kim, Seung-Jin Oh, Geunhee Park, Se-Jung Yoon, Peng Geng
    International Journal of Hypertension.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Repeated detection of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease increases the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes in young adults
    Jin Hwa Kim, Young Sang Lyu, Mee Kyoung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Ki‐Hyun Baek, Ki‐Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(1): 180.     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of incident mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed after the age of 19: A nationwide cohort study
    Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(1): 101505.     CrossRef
  • Risk of dementia in survivors of active tuberculosis in Korea: A nationwide cohort study
    Yohwan Yeo, Jung Eun Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Hayoung Choi, Jongkyu Park, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2024; 17(2): 286.     CrossRef
  • Cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia and risk of type 2 diabetes in young adults
    Min-Kyung Lee, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Jong-Dai Kim, Moon Jung Kim, Byungpyo Kim, Jung Heo, Jiyeon Ahn, Seo-Young Sohn, Jae-Hyuk Lee
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 208: 111109.     CrossRef
  • Bipolar disorder and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, heart failure, and all-cause mortality: a population-based matched cohort study in South Korea
    You-Bin Lee, Hyewon Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Dongwoo Kang, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Hong Jin Jeon, Kyu Yeon Hur
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychotic Disorders and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases, and All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
    You-Bin Lee, Hyewon Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Dongwoo Kang, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Hong Jin Jeon, Kyu Yeon Hur
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(1): 122.     CrossRef
  • Risk of hematologic malignant neoplasms from head CT radiation in children and adolescents presenting with minor head trauma: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Seungjae Lee, Hae Young Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Jungheum Cho, Choonsik Lee, Kwang Pyo Kim, Jinhee Hwang, Ji Hoon Park
    European Radiology.2024; 34(9): 5934.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Depression according to Cumulative Exposure to a Low-Household Income Status in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population- Based Study
    So Hee Park, You-Bin Lee, Kyu-na Lee, Bongsung Kim, So Hyun Cho, So Yoon Kwon, Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 290.     CrossRef
  • The associations of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infection with dementia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
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    Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    BMC Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of esophageal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
    Yeong Jeong Jeon, Kyungdo Han, Seung Woo Lee, Ji Eun Lee, Junhee Park, In Young Cho, Jong Ho Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Diseases of the Esophagus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study
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    European Heart Journal.2024; 45(21): 1920.     CrossRef
  • Association between physical activity changes and risk of incident ischemic stroke following cancer diagnosis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
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    Cancer.2024; 130(16): 2873.     CrossRef
  • Association between gastrectomy and the risk of type 2 diabetes in gastric cancer survivors: A nationwide cohort study
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    Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(5): 101569.     CrossRef
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    Psychiatry Research.2024; 342: 116237.     CrossRef
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    Depression and Anxiety.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Trends in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapies in Korea: Impact of Guideline Updates on Treatment Practices
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  • Combined impact of prediabetes and hepatic steatosis on cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults
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    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    JACC: CardioOncology.2024; 6(6): 879.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(1): 148.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of acupuncture on cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus in Korea: A nationwide retrospective cohort
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    Journal of Integrative Medicine.2023; 21(2): 176.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Vascular Surgery.2023; 77(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Threshold dose–response association between smoking pack-years and the risk of gallbladder cancer: A nationwide cohort study
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    European Journal of Cancer.2023; 180: 99.     CrossRef
  • Sustained Low Income, Income Changes, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
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    Diabetes Care.2023; 46(1): 92.     CrossRef
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    Diabetes Care.2023; 46(1): 38.     CrossRef
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    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long‐term mortality and cardiovascular events of seven angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertensive patients: Analysis of a national real‐world database: A retrospective cohort study
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    Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ophthalmology.2023; 130(7): 684.     CrossRef
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    BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Operational Definition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data from Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 201.     CrossRef
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    Pancreatology.2023; 23(3): 321.     CrossRef
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  • Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes
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    Journal of the American Heart Association.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components and Nutritional Status with Kidney Cancer in Young Adult Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
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    Biomedicines.2023; 11(5): 1425.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide trends in the prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and their correlates among adults with disabilities in Korea from 2006 to 2017
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    International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2023; 69(7): 1670.     CrossRef
  • Association between glycemic status and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a nationwide population-based study
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    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between fatty liver index and risk of end-stage renal disease stratified by kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study
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    Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; 49(4): 101454.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of developing chronic kidney disease in young-onset Type 2 diabetes in Korea
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    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A cohort study found a high risk of end-stage kidney disease associated with acromegaly
    Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
    Kidney International.2023; 104(4): 820.     CrossRef
  • Higher metabolic variability increases the risk of depressive disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal nationwide cohort study
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  • Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years
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    JAMA Network Open.2023; 6(8): e2330024.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110866.     CrossRef
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    Pharmaceuticals.2023; 16(9): 1213.     CrossRef
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    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436.     CrossRef
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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 682.     CrossRef
  • Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
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    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(5): 281.     CrossRef
  • Association between Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma and Ampulla of Vater Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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    Liver Cancer.2023; 12(5): 457.     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2023; 24(12): 1924.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(20): 6441.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on the Survival Rates of Patients with Cancer in Korea
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    Healthcare.2023; 11(24): 3171.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea through an Investigation of the National Registration Project of Type 1 Diabetes for the Reimbursement of Glucometer Strips with Additional Analyses Using Claims Data
Sun Ok Song, Young Duk Song, Joo Young Nam, Kyeong Hye Park, Ji-Hae Yoon, Kyung-Mi Son, Young Ko, Dong-Ha Lim
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(1):35-45.   Published online December 1, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.35
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Korea. In addition, we planned to do a performance analysis of the Registration Project of Type 1 diabetes for the reimbursement of consumable materials.

Methods

To obtain nationwide data on the incidence and prevalence of T1DM, we extracted claims data from July 2011 to August 2013 from the Registration Project of Type 1 diabetes on the reimbursement of consumable materials in the National Health Insurance (NHI) Database. For a more detailed analysis of the T1DM population in Korea, stratification by gender, age, and area was performed, and prevalence and incidence were calculated.

Results

Of the 8,256 subjects enrolled over the 26 months, the male to female ratio was 1 to 1.12, the median age was 37.1 years, and an average of 136 new T1DM patients were registered to the T1DM registry each month, resulting in 1,632 newly diagnosed T1DM patients each year. We found that the incidence rate of new T1DM cases was 3.28 per 100,000 people. The average proportion of T1DM patients compared with each region's population was 0.0125%. The total number of insurance subscribers under the universal compulsory NHI in Korea was 49,662,097, and the total number of diabetes patients, excluding duplication, was 3,762,332.

Conclusion

The prevalence of T1DM over the course of the study was approximately 0.017% to 0.021% of the entire population of Korea, and the annual incidence of T1DM was 3.28:100,000 overall and 3.25:100,000 for Koreans under 20 years old.

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Clinical Care/Education
Insulin Initiation in Insulin-Naïve Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Real-World Practice: The Modality of Insulin Treatment Evaluation Study
Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Kun Ho Yoon, Ho Young Son, Sung Woo Park, Yeon Ah Sung, Hong Sun Baek
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(6):481-488.   Published online November 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.6.481
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

The Modality of Insulin Treatment Evaluation (MOTIV) study was performed to provide real-world data concerning insulin initiation in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs).

Methods

This multicenter, non-interventional, prospective, observational study enrolled T2DM patients with inadequate glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.0%) who had been on OHAs for ≥3 months and were already decided to introduce basal insulin by their physician prior to the start of the study. All treatment decisions were at the physician's discretion to reflect real-world practice.

Results

A total of 9,196 patients were enrolled, and 8,636 patients were included in the analysis (mean duration of diabetes, 8.9 years; mean HbA1c, 9.2%). Basal insulin plus one OHA was the most frequently (51.0%) used regimen. After 6 months of basal insulin treatment, HbA1c decreased to 7.4% and 44.5% of patients reached HbA1c <7%. Body weight increased from 65.2 kg to 65.5 kg, which was not significant. Meanwhile, there was significant increase in the mean daily insulin dose from 16.9 IU at baseline to 24.5 IU at month 6 (P<0.001). Overall, 17.6% of patients experienced at least one hypoglycemic event.

Conclusion

In a real-world setting, the initiation of basal insulin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in Korean patients with T2DM who are failing to meet targets with OHA therapy.

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Review
Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sang Youl Rhee, Young Seol Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(4):283-290.   Published online August 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.283
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibits broad clinical characteristics and various consequences and is known as one of the major macrovascular complications of T2DM. Atherosclerosis is recognized as the most direct and important cause of PAD, but acute or chronic limb ischemia may be the result of various risk factors. In light of the increasing number of patients who undergo peripheral vascular procedures, the number of subjects who are exposed to the risks for PAD and related complications is increasing. In this review, we will discuss the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of PAD, as well as the clinical significance of PAD in T2DM subjects.

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Original Articles
Effects of 6-Month Sitagliptin Treatment on Insulin and Glucagon Responses in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hae Kyung Yang, Borami Kang, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Bong-Yun Cha, Jae-Hyoung Cho
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(4):335-341.   Published online July 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.335
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on insulin secretion and glucagon suppression in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Twenty-four subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 6 months of sitagliptin treatment. Sitagliptin, insulin, and sulfonylurea were withdrawn for 3 days before OGTT to eliminate any acute effects on β-cell insulin or α-cell glucagon secretion. Venous samples were drawn five times during each OGTT to measure plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Indices on insulin secretion and resistance were calculated.

Results

Early phase insulin secretion, measured by the insulinogenic index significantly increased after 6 months of sitagliptin treatment, especially in the higher baseline body mass index group and higher baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) group. There were no significant differences in the insulin resistance indices before and after sitagliptin treatment. Although no significant differences were observed in the absolute levels of glucagon and the glucagon-to-insulin ratio, there was a significant reduction in the percentile change of glucagon-to-insulin ratio at 30- and 120-minute during the OGTT.

Conclusion

Although the HbA1c level did not decrease significantly after 6 months of sitagliptin treatment, an increase in insulin secretion and reduction in early phase postprandial plasma glucagon-to-insulin ratio excursion was confirmed in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Citations

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  • A genetic variant in GLP1R is associated with response to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes
    Eugene Han, Hye Sun Park, Obin Kwon, Eun Yeong Choe, Hye Jin Wang, Yong-ho Lee, Sang-Hak Lee, Chul Hoon Kim, Lee-Kyung Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyong Soo Park, Chul Sik Kim, Eun Seok Kang
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The Insulin Resistance but Not the Insulin Secretion Parameters Have Changed in the Korean Population during the Last Decade
Hae Kyung Yang, Jin Hee Lee, In-Young Choi, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Jeong Ah Shin, Seung Hee Jeong, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Ho Young Son, Kun Ho Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):117-125.   Published online April 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.117
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  • 60 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

This study aimed to compare the patterns of insulin secretion and resistance between Korean subjects in the 1990s and 2000s.

Methods

Insulin secretion and resistance indices were calculated from subjects who underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests in the year 1997 to 1999 and 2007 to 2011 at the Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea.

Results

A total of 578 subjects from the 1990s (mean age, 48.5 years) and 504 subjects from the 2000s (mean age, 50.2 years) were enrolled. Compared with the subjects from the 1990s, those from the 2000s exhibited increased insulin resistance (increased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and reduced insulin sensitivity (reduced Matsuda index and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), regardless of their glucose tolerance status. However, insulinogenic index did not reveal significant differences between the 2 decades in subjects with or without diabetes. A distinct relationship was confirmed between Matsuda index and total area under the curve (insulin/glucose) in each glucose tolerance group. The mean product of the Matsuda index and the total area under the curve (insulin/glucose) as well as the oral disposition index, was lower in subjects with normal glucose tolerance from the 2000s than in those from the 1990s.

Conclusion

After rapid economic growth and changes in lifestyle patterns, insulin resistance has worsened across the glucose tolerance status; however, the insulin secretory function remained unchanged, which resulted in an increase in the susceptibility to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Korean subjects without diabetes. We could not rule out the potential selection bias and therefore, further studies in general Korean population are needed.

Citations

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Low Economic Status Is Identified as an Emerging Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Men Aged 30 to 59 Years in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2010
Bo Kyung Koo, Sang Wan Kim, Ka Hee Yi, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):137-146.   Published online March 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.137
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

We compared the association between economic status and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) using large nationwide datasets covering the previous 10 years in Korea.

Methods

We analyzed the association between economic status and DM using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2001 to 2010 weighted to represent the Korean population between 30 and 59 years of age. The economic status of participants was classified into quartiles according to monthly family income with an equivalence scale.

Results

In men, the prevalence of diabetes in the lowest income quartile (Q1) was significantly higher than that in the other quartiles in 2008 (age and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.846; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.126 to 3.027; P=0.015), 2009 (OR, 1.706; 95% CI, 1.094 to 2.661; P=0.019), and 2010 (OR, 1.560; 95% CI, 1.024 to 2.377; P=0.039) but not in 2001 or 2005. The data indicated that classification in the lowest economic status was an independent risk factor for diabetes even after adjusting for abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and education level in men of KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Although economic status was significantly associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in women (P<0.001), there was no significant association between economic status and DM in women.

Conclusion

Korean men between 30 and 59 years of age with the lowest economic status had a significantly higher prevalence of DM in 2008 to 2010 even after adjusting for other risk factors.

Citations

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Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass and Insulin Resistance in an Elderly Korean Population: The Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project-Health Examination Cohort
Seung Won Lee, Yoosik Youm, Won Joon Lee, Wungrak Choi, Sang Hui Chu, Yeong-Ran Park, Hyeon Chang Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):37-45.   Published online February 16, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.37
  • 11,373 View
  • 89 Download
  • 104 Web of Science
  • 94 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Increasing evidence supports an association between age-related loss of muscle mass and insulin resistance. However, the association has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and insulin resistance in an elderly Korean population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 158 men (mean age, 71.8) and 241 women (mean age, 70.6) from the Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project, which started in 2011. In this study, ASM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and was analyzed in three forms: ASM (kg), ASM/height2 (kg/m2), and ASM/weight (%). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a measure of insulin resistance. The relationships between the ASM values and the HOMA-IR were investigated by multiple linear regression models.

Results

The HOMA-IR was positively associated with ASM (β=0.43, P<0.0001) and ASM/height2 (β=0.36, P<0.0001) when adjusted for sex and age. However, after additional adjustment for body weight, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with ASM (β=-0.43, P<0.001) and ASM/height2 (β=-0.30, P=0.001). Adjustment for other potential confounders did not change these associations. Conversely, HOMA-IR was consistently and inversely associated with ASM/weight before and after adjustment for other potential confounders.

Conclusion

Our results support the idea that lower skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with insulin resistance in older adults. When evaluating sarcopenia or muscle-related conditions in older adults, their whole body sizes also need to be considered.

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Background and Data Configuration Process of a Nationwide Population-Based Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance System
Sun Ok Song, Chang Hee Jung, Young Duk Song, Cheol-Young Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Bong Soo Cha, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee, Kyung Soo Ko, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(5):395-403.   Published online October 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.395
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

The National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) recently signed an agreement to provide limited open access to the databases within the Korean Diabetes Association for the benefit of Korean subjects with diabetes. Here, we present the history, structure, contents, and way to use data procurement in the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system for the benefit of Korean researchers.

Methods

The NHIS in Korea is a single-payer program and is mandatory for all residents in Korea. The three main healthcare programs of the NHI, Medical Aid, and long-term care insurance (LTCI) provide 100% coverage for the Korean population. The NHIS in Korea has adopted a fee-for-service system to pay health providers. Researchers can obtain health information from the four databases of the insured that contain data on health insurance claims, health check-ups and LTCI.

Results

Metabolic disease as chronic disease is increasing with aging society. NHIS data is based on mandatory, serial population data, so, this might show the time course of disease and predict some disease progress, and also be used in primary and secondary prevention of disease after data mining.

Conclusion

The NHIS database represents the entire Korean population and can be used as a population-based database. The integrated information technology of the NHIS database makes it a world-leading population-based epidemiology and disease research platform.

Citations

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    Inha Jung, Da Young Lee, Seung Min Chung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Jun Sung Moon, Ji A Seo, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 748.     CrossRef
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    European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2023; 280(5): 2181.     CrossRef
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    Hee‐Kyung Joh, Hyuktae Kwon, Ki Young Son, Jae Moon Yun, Su Hwan Cho, Kyungdo Han, Jin‐Ho Park, Belong Cho
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    European Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 107: 66.     CrossRef
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    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 118(6): 1001.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2023; 14(1): 369.     CrossRef
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    Yun Kyung Cho, Ji Hye Huh, Shinje Moon, Yoon Jung Kim, Yang‐Hyun Kim, Kyung‐do Han, Jun Goo Kang, Seong Jin Lee, Sung‐Hee Ihm
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2023; 14(1): 585.     CrossRef
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    Yoonjeong Choi, Young-Eun Kim, Ja-Ho Leigh, Ye Seol Lee, Han-Kyoul Kim, You Gyoung Yi, Jinyoung Lee, Min-Yong Lee, Gangpyo Lee, Hyung-Ik Shin, Moon Suk Bang
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    International Journal of Drug Policy.2023; 112: 103953.     CrossRef
  • The effects of sociodemographic factors on help-seeking for depression: Based on the 2017–2020 Korean Community Health Survey
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    Min Seok Kim, Seong Jun Byun, Se Joon Woo, Kyu Hyung Park, Sang Jun Park
    Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Journal of Arthroplasty.2023; 38(8): 1470.     CrossRef
  • Positive faecal immunochemical test predicts the onset of inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide, propensity score-matched study
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  • Scheduling and Predictive Maintenance for Smart Toilet
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    IEEE Access.2023; 11: 17983.     CrossRef
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    Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Yuwon Kim, Myoung-Suk Kim, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Mina Kim, Hasung Kim, Dae-Sung Kyoung, Ji In Park
    JAMA Network Open.2023; 6(3): e233068.     CrossRef
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  • Prior Lifestyle and Survival Outcomes After Intensive Care Unit Admission
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    Bokyung Kim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyungdo Han, Seungkyung Kang, Eunwoo Lee, Hyunsoo Chung, Sang Gyun Kim, Soo-Jeong Cho
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    Mi Hee Cho, Kyungdo Han, Seungwoo Lee, Su-Min Jeong, Jung Eun Yoo, SangYun Kim, Jinkook Lee, Sohyun Chun, Dong Wook Shin
    Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes among adult cancer survivors: a population-based matched cohort study
    Sanghyun Oh, Jihwan Lee, Yoo S Hong, Kyuwoong Kim
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  • Association between familial aggregation of chronic kidney disease and its incidence and progression
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  • Participation and Prognostic Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Big-Data Study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service
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    Juncheol Lee, Yongil Cho, Jaehoon Oh, Hyunggoo Kang, Tae Ho Lim, Byuk Sung Ko, Kyung Hun Yoo, Sang Hwan Lee
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    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(8): 2860.     CrossRef
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  • The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Epithelial Cell Abnormalities Detected on Pap Smear: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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    Eun‐Saem Choi, Young Mi Jung, Kyu‐Dong Cho, Sungyeon Ha, Jeongwon Sohn, Su Jung Hong, Min‐Jeong Oh, Chan‐Wook Park, Joong Shin Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Seung Mi Lee, Geum Joon Cho
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    Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2023; 17(5): 681.     CrossRef
  • Lifestyle factors and long-term survival in patients with chronic non-cancer pain: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea
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    Journal of Anesthesia.2023; 37(4): 522.     CrossRef
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  • Association between regular physical activity and lower incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
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    Hong Rae Kim, Jino Park, Sung Jun Park, Ho Jin Kim, Seonok Kim, Ye-Jee Kim, Jung-Min Ahn, Dae-Hee Kim, Joon Bum Kim
    European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 202: 110819.     CrossRef
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    SuYeon Kwon, Seungwoo Cha, Junsik Kim, Kyungdo Han, Nam-Jong Paik, Won-Seok Kim, Sina Azadnajafabad
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(2): 225.     CrossRef
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    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2023; 58(7): 668.     CrossRef
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    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0292362.     CrossRef
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    Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(9): 834.     CrossRef
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    Thrombosis Research.2023; 231: 50.     CrossRef
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    Gut and Liver.2023; 17(6): 894.     CrossRef
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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(6): 846.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2023; 167: 93.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 79(12): 1699.     CrossRef
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    The Open Neurology Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of the American Heart Association.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(1): 92.     CrossRef
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    Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5040.     CrossRef
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    Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 690.     CrossRef
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    So-Ryoung Lee, Soonil Kwon, Eue-Keun Choi, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip
    Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy.2022; 36(4): 679.     CrossRef
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    Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(1): 189.     CrossRef
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    Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.2022; 34(3): 906.     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(6): 1250.     CrossRef
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    Hepatology Communications.2022; 6(4): 740.     CrossRef
  • Blood Pressure Levels and Risks of Dementia: a Nationwide Study of 4.5 Million People
    Chan Joo Lee, Ji-Yeon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Da Hye Kim, Hanna Cho, Kwang Joon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-ho Lee, Sungha Park
    Hypertension.2022; 79(1): 218.     CrossRef
  • Continuing regular physical activity and maintaining body weight have a synergistic interaction in improving survival: a population-based cohort study including 6.5 million people
    Chang-Hoon Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Da Hye Kim, Min-Sun Kwak
    European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2022; 29(3): 547.     CrossRef
  • Liver enzymes and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study
    Joonhyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Juhwan Yoo, Kyung-Ah Park, Sei Yeul Oh
    Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(5): 3395.     CrossRef
  • Underutilisation of prophylactic G-CSF in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy
    Minhee Ku, Nam Kyung Je
    Journal of Chemotherapy.2022; 34(8): 534.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiologic study of bladder and urethral injury in Korea: A nationwide population-based study
    Bum Sik Tae, Young Eun Yoon, Woong Na, Kyung Jin Oh, Sung Yul Park, Jae Young Park, Hong Sang Moon
    Investigative and Clinical Urology.2022; 63(1): 92.     CrossRef
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    Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
    European Heart Journal.2022; 43(15): 1491.     CrossRef
  • Pericardial Versus Porcine Valves for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
    Hong Ju Shin, Wan Kee Kim, Jin Kyoung Kim, Joon Bum Kim, Sung-Ho Jung, Suk Jung Choo, Cheol Hyun Chung, Jae Won Lee
    Korean Circulation Journal.2022; 52(2): 136.     CrossRef
  • Effect of obesity and metabolic health on urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based study
    Changil Choi, Jong Keun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Young Goo Lee, Jun Hyun Han
    Investigative and Clinical Urology.2022; 63(1): 63.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive risk assessment for hospital-acquired pneumonia: sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors associated with the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia
    Bo-Guen Kim, Minwoong Kang, Jihyun Lim, Jin Lee, Danbee Kang, Minjung Kim, Jinhee Kim, Hyejeong Park, Kyung Hoon Min, Juhee Cho, Kyeongman Jeon
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metabolic Disease Incidence After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Nationwide Korean Case-Control Study
    Jeonghoon Ha, See Hyun Park, Sung-Soo Park, Seunghoon Han
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(4): 943.     CrossRef
  • Development of eClaim system for private indemnity health insurance in South Korea: Compatibility and interoperability
    Sungchul Bae, Byoung-Kee Yi
    Health Informatics Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yoonjeong Choi, Eun Young Kim, Jiyu Sun, Han-Kyoul Kim, Ye Seol Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Hye Yoon Park, Ja-Ho Leigh
    Journal of Neurotrauma.2022; 39(5-6): 390.     CrossRef
  • Female Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study
    Bumhee Yang, Dong-Hwa Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hayoung Choi, Hyung Koo Kang, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
    Biomedicines.2022; 10(2): 303.     CrossRef
  • Clinical outcomes of early closure versus conservative strategy after diagnosis with atrial septal defect: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Sun-Yang Min, Ji Sung Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Jong-Min Song
    European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures Among Obese Women Based on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: A Nationwide Cohort in South Korea
    Gyeongsil Lee, Seulggie Choi, Yoosun Cho, Sang Min Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2022; 11(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Long-term prognosis and causes of death among survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A population-based longitudinal study
    Yongil Cho, Jaehoon Oh, Jeong-Hun Shin, Byung Sik Kim, Jin-Kyu Park, Jun Ho Lee, Jae Hwan Kim, Minae Park
    Resuscitation.2022; 173: 31.     CrossRef
  • Blood pressure and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: a population-based cohort study
    Chung-woo Lee, Joo Kyung Lee, Yeon Joo Choi, Hyunjin Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-hyung Jung, Do Hoon Kim, Joo-Hyun Park
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Severe Hypoglycemia Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Ji-Yeon Lee, Young-eun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Eugene Han, Byung Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yong-ho Lee
    JAMA Network Open.2022; 5(2): e220262.     CrossRef
  • Hip Fracture Risk According to Diabetic Kidney Disease Phenotype in a Korean Population
    Seung Eun Lee, Juhwan Yoo, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Kyungdo Han, Han Seok Choi
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 148.     CrossRef
  • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Defined by Fatty Liver Index and Incidence of Heart Failure in the Korean Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Byoungduck Han, Gyu Bae Lee, Sun Young Yim, Kyung-Hwan Cho, Koh Eun Shin, Jung-Hwan Kim, Yong-Gyu Park, Kyung-Do Han, Yang-Hyun Kim
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(3): 663.     CrossRef
  • Contact with the health care system prior to suicide: A nationwide population-based analysis using linkage national death certificates and national health insurance data
    Eun Jee Park, Nam Ju Ji, Weon Young Lee
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2022; 149: 226.     CrossRef
  • Association between asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic otitis media
    Sung Kyun Kim, Seok Jin Hong, Dae Myoung Yoo, Chanyang Min, Hyo Geun Choi
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognosis of pregnancy after breast cancer diagnosis according to the type of treatment: A population-based study in Korea by the SMARTSHIP group
    Soo Youn Bae, Jihyoun Lee, Ji Sung Lee, Jae Sun Yoon, Ku Sang Kim, Yoo Seok Kim, Zisun Kim, Jun Won Min, Eun-Jung Shim, Ilkyun Lee, Min Hyuk Lee, Sungmin Park
    The Breast.2022; 63: 46.     CrossRef
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    Tae-lim Kim, Seong Jun Byun, Min Yong Seong, Byung-Mo Oh, Sang Jun Park, Han Gil Seo
    Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2022; 40(4): 602.     CrossRef
  • Risk prediction models incorporating institutional case volume for mortality after hip fracture surgery in the elderly
    Seokha Yoo, Eun Jin Jang, Junwoo Jo, Hannah Lee, Yoonbin Hwang, Ho Geol Ryu
    Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2022; 143(5): 2307.     CrossRef
  • Association of weight change following smoking cessation with the risk of tuberculosis development: A nationwide population-based cohort study
    Seung Hoon Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Kyungdo Han, Seung Hyun Ko, Shin Young Kim, So Hyang Song, Chi Hong Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Sung Kyoung Kim, Juan F. Orueta
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(4): e0266262.     CrossRef
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    Young Bae Choi, Keon Hee Yoo
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 54(2): 572.     CrossRef
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    Eun Jung Park, Hye Jung Shin, Sung Soo Kim, Ki Eun Kim, Sun Hyun Kim, Youl Ri Kim, Kyong Mee Chung, Kyung Do Han
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 4949.     CrossRef
  • Prolonged or Transition to Metabolically Unhealthy Status, Regardless of Obesity Status, Is Associated with Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in Koreans
    Juhee Lee, So-Young Kwak, Dahyun Park, Ga-Eun Kim, Clara Yongjoo Park, Min-Jeong Shin
    Nutrients.2022; 14(8): 1644.     CrossRef
  • Lifestyle, body mass index, diabetes, and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a nationwide population-based cohort study with 7.4 million Korean subjects
    Byung Kyu Park, Jeong Hun Seo, Jae Bock Chung, Jung Kyu Choi
    British Journal of Cancer.2022; 127(3): 549.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular Risk and Treatment Outcomes in Severe Hypercholesterolemia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Chan Joo Lee, Sanghyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Sang‐Hak Lee
    Journal of the American Heart Association.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Smoking Status and Incident Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Bumhee Yang, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Jung Soo Kim, Eung-Gook Kim, Hayoung Choi, Hyun Lee
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(5): 691.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Indication of Aspirin Associated With Reduced Risk of Liver Cancer in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Byungyoon Yun, Sang Hoon Ahn, Jin-Ha Yoon, Beom Kyung Kim
    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 117(5): 758.     CrossRef
  • Association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication and Depression: A 10-year Follow-up Self-controlled Case Study
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    Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2022; 20(2): 320.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 40(29): 3394.     CrossRef
  • Cancer risk in the residents of a town near three industrial waste incinerators in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
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    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(9): 1829.     CrossRef
  • Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is a Useful Marker for Predicting Future Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Young Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
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    Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2022; 11(2): 178.     CrossRef
  • Annual Trends in the Incidence and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Min Seok Baek, Han-Kyeol Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sung Kwon, Han Kyu Na, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Hanna Cho
    Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Incident Lung Cancer in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Korean Population-Based Study
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    Cancers.2022; 14(11): 2604.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Hypertension and Incident Infective Endocarditis
    Gyu Bae Lee, Koh Eun Shin, Kyungdo Han, Ho-Sung Son, Jae-Seung Jung, Yang-Hyun Kim, Hee-Jung Kim
    Hypertension.2022; 79(7): 1466.     CrossRef
  • Risk of secondary nonhematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A nationwide case‐control cohort study
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    International Journal of Cancer.2022; 151(7): 1024.     CrossRef
  • Acute myocardial infarction risk in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
    Eun Bin Cho, Yohwan Yeo, Jin-Hyung Jung, Su-Min Jeong, Kyungdo Han, Jeong Hoon Yang, Dong Wook Shin, Ju-Hong Min
    Multiple Sclerosis Journal.2022; 28(12): 1849.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea
    Soon Ok Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Shinwon Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Jin Suk Kang, Hyunjin Son, Hyungi Lee, Jinmi Kim
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between migraine and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy
    Soolienah Rhiu, Kyungdo Han, Juhwan Yoo, Kyung-Ah Park, Sei Yeul Oh
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Statin use and risk of progression to liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B independent of conventional risk factors: A nationwide study
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    Hepatology Communications.2022; 6(9): 2455.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed Before Age 50 Years According to Tumor Location
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    Gastroenterology.2022; 163(3): 637.     CrossRef
  • A positive faecal immunochemical test result and its association with the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of one-million national colorectal cancer screening programme results
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    BMC Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2021: Trends in Obesity Prevalence and Obesity-Related Comorbidity Incidence Stratified by Age from 2009 to 2019
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    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2022; 31(2): 169.     CrossRef
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    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(4): 555.     CrossRef
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    Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(8): 774.     CrossRef
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    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke Treated Using Thrombolytic Therapy: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in South Korea
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    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(8): 1260.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hepatology Research.2022; 52(12): 975.     CrossRef
  • Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Increases the Risk of Lung Cancer Independent of Smoking Status
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    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 701.     CrossRef
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    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Academic Emergency Medicine.2022; 29(12): 1438.     CrossRef
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    Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(11): 991.     CrossRef
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    Journal of the American Heart Association.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Respiratory Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Cancers.2022; 14(22): 5696.     CrossRef
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    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 194: 110191.     CrossRef
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    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Cancer.2021; 148(3): 626.     CrossRef
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  • Risk of cancer incidence in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A nationwide cohort study
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    British Journal of Sports Medicine.2021; 55(18): 1034.     CrossRef
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    JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2021; 147(1): 34.     CrossRef
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  • Increased atrial fibrillation risk in Parkinson’s disease: A nationwide population‐based study
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  • The incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in head and neck cancer patients
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  • Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes
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  • The Repeatedly Elevated Fatty Liver Index Is Associated With Increased Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
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  • Association of Periodontal Disease with the Occurrence of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm among Adults in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
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    So-hyeon Hong, Kyungdo Han, Sanghyun Park, Seon Mee Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Hye Jin Yoo
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    Jiesuck Park, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Bongseong Kim, You-Jung Choi, So-Ryoung Lee, Jeehoon Kang, Myung-Jin Cha, Kyung Woo Park, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Chun Chieh Yeh
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  • The Population Prevalence, Associations of Congenital Heart Defect and Mortality Risk for Down’s Syndrome in South Korea Based on National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Data


    Won Kyoung Cho, Na Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Byung-Kyu Suh, Yong-Gyu Park
    Clinical Epidemiology.2020; Volume 12: 519.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of long-term gamma-glutamyl transferase variability in individuals with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study
    Da Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Ji Hee Yu, Sanghyun Park, Ji A Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Nan Hee Kim
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  • Trends and risk factors of elderly-onset Crohn’s disease: A nationwide cohort study
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  • Improved oral hygiene is associated with decreased risk of new-onset diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Yoonkyung Chang, Ji Sung Lee, Ki-Jung Lee, Ho Geol Woo, Tae-Jin Song
    Diabetologia.2020; 63(5): 924.     CrossRef
  • Development of stroke identification algorithm for claims data using the multicenter stroke registry database
    Jun Yup Kim, Keon-Joo Lee, Jihoon Kang, Beom Joon Kim, Moon-Ku Han, Seong-Eun Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Jong-Moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Soo Joo Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae-Hyun Kim, Tai Hwan Park, Moo-Seok Park, Sang-Soon Park, Kyung Bok Lee, Hong-Kyun Park,
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  • Impact of the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the risk of development of metachronous lesions after treatment of early gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study
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    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2020; 92(3): 613.     CrossRef
  • Bodyweight fluctuation is associated with increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation
    Hyun-Jung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Euijae Lee, Inki Moon, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Seil Oh, Gregory Y.H. Lip
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  • The impact of PM2.5 on acute otitis media in children (aged 0–3): A time series study
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    Environment International.2020; 145: 106133.     CrossRef
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  • Association between institutional case volume and mortality following thoracic aorta replacement: a nationwide Korean cohort study
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  • Underutilization of Hospital-based Cardiac Rehabilitation after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea
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  • Infection, antibiotic exposure and development of atopic dermatitis: A nationwide case–control study
    Chong Won Choi, Bo Ram Yang, Dong In Suh, Mi‐Sook Kim, Jungyoon Ohn, Jong Soo Hong, Joongyub Lee, Kyu Han Kim
    The Journal of Dermatology.2020; 47(7): 707.     CrossRef
  • Effect of the variability of blood pressure, glucose level, total cholesterol level, and body mass index on the risk of atrial fibrillation in a healthy population
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    Heart Rhythm.2020; 17(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Mitral Valve Repair Case Volume on Postoperative Mortality ― A Nationwide Korean Cohort Study ―
    Karam Nam, Eun Jin Jang, Jun Woo Jo, Jae Woong Choi, Jun Gi Jo, Jaehun Lee, Ho Geol Ryu
    Circulation Journal.2020; 84(9): 1493.     CrossRef
  • The Clinical Impact of Body Mass Index on Breast Cancer in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    Jae Hwan Jeong, Hak Min Lee, Hai Young Son, Ilkyun Lee
    Journal of Breast Disease.2020; 8(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Improved oral hygiene care is associated with decreased risk of occurrence for atrial fibrillation and heart failure: A nationwide population-based cohort study
    Yoonkyung Chang, Ho Geol Woo, Jin Park, Ji Sung Lee, Tae-Jin Song
    European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2020; 27(17): 1835.     CrossRef
  • Increased Mortality Burden in Young Asian Subjects with Dysglycemia and Comorbidities
    Eun-Jung Rhee, Inha Jung, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-Gyu Park, Won-Young Lee
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  • Fasting Plasma Glucose Variability and Gastric Cancer Risk in Individuals Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    So-hyeon Hong, Eunjin Noh, Jinsil Kim, Soon Young Hwang, Jun A. Kim, You-Bin Lee, Eun Roh, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Geum Joon Cho, Hye Jin Yoo
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  • Use of Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced Liver MRI and Mortality in More than 30 000 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Analysis
    Tae Wook Kang, Sun-Young Kong, Danbee Kang, Min Woong Kang, Young Kon Kim, Seong Hyun Kim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Young Ae Kim, Kui Son Choi, Eun Sook Lee, Sang Myung Woo, Joung Hwan Back, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho
    Radiology.2020; 295(1): 114.     CrossRef
  • The association between sialolithiasis and smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity in Korea: a nested case-control study
    Young Ju Jin, Young Eun Han, Hyo Geun Choi
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  • Outcomes for Inappropriate Renal Dose Adjustment of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Population-Based Study
    Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
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  • Impact of Mean and Variability of High‐Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Mortality in the General Population
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  • Underweight Increases the Risk of End-Stage Renal Diseases for Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Population: Data From the National Health Insurance Service Health Checkups 2009–2017
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    Diabetes Care.2020; 43(5): 1118.     CrossRef
  • Pneumonia risk and its associated factors in Parkinson's disease: A National Database Study
    Jun Hee Won, Seong Jun Byun, Byung-Mo Oh, Han-Joon Kim, Sang Jun Park, Han Gil Seo
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2020; 415: 116949.     CrossRef
  • The Association with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and paediatric atopic dermatitis: a 12-year Nationwide Cohort Study
    M. Choi, S. J. Byun, D. H. Lee, K. H. Kim, K. H. Park, S. J. Park
    Eye.2020; 34(10): 1909.     CrossRef
  • Peripartum Blood Transfusions are Associated with Increased Risk of Cancer: A National Retrospective Cohort Study


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    Clinical Epidemiology.2020; Volume 12: 659.     CrossRef
  • The Burden of Cervical Cancer in Korea: A Population-Based Study
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(17): 6308.     CrossRef
  • Temporal trends of catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation: A Korean nationwide population‐based study
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  • Trend of prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea, 2005 to 2015: a nationwide population-based study
    Eun Hui Bae, Sang Yeob Lim, Kyung-Do Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Hong Sang Choi, Ha Yeon Kim, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Soo Wan Kim
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  • Achievement of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal among patients with dyslipidemia in South Korea
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  • Site-specific cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
    Suk Kyeong Kim, Ju-Young Jang, Dong-Lim Kim, Young A Rhyu, Suh Eun Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Kee-Ho Song
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  • Data Configuration and Publication Trends for the Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Database
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  • Metformin and Gastrointestinal Cancer Development in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea
    Ji Hong You, Sun Ok Song, Min Jin Kang, Yoon Young Cho, Sun Wook Kim, Sung Hwan Suh, Sujin Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
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  • The association between hospital case volume and in-hospital and one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery
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  • Association between physical activity and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia
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  • Does Diabetes Increase the Risk of Contracting COVID-19? A Population-Based Study in Korea
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  • The durability and effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in pediatric and young adult patients with type 1 diabetes
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    Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 25(4): 248.     CrossRef
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  • Maintenance of body weight is an important determinant for the risk of ischemic stroke: A nationwide population-based cohort study
    Jung-Hwan Cho, Eun-Jung Rhee, Se Eun Park, Hyemi Kwon, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-Gyu Park, Soon-Jib Yoo, Yang-Hyun Kim, Won-Young Lee, Sabine Rohrmann
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  • Effect of Institutional Case Volume on In-Hospital and Long-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation for 48 Hours or More
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  • Effect of Institutional Case Volume on In-hospital Mortality After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Analysis of 7073 Cases Between 2007 and 2016 in Korea
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  • Increased risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
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  • Incremental economic burden associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration: a population-based study
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  • Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at an Increased Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A South Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Seona Park, Jihye Kim, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Hosim Soh, Eun Ae Kang, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
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    Tae-Hoon Kim, Pil-Sung Yang, Hee Tae Yu, Eunsun Jang, Hyejung Shin, Ha Yan Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Jung-Hoon Sung, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y H Lip
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  • The Effect of Health-Related Behaviors on Disease Progression and Mortality in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study
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  • Association of body mass index with bladder cancer risk in men depends on abdominal obesity
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  • Time‐ and Dose‐Dependent Association of Statin Use With Risk of Clinically Relevant New‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Prevention: A Nationwide Observational Cohort Study
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  • Association between BMI and risk of severe hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes
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  • Risk of Incident Dementia According to Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Late Life: A Population-Based Cohort Study
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  • Increased Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Postgastrectomy Gastric Cancer Survivors Compared With Matched Controls: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
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  • Long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis according to treatment response in Asian country
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  • Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulant for Secondary Prevention in Asians with Atrial Fibrillation
    Jiesuck Park, So-Ryoung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Soonil Kwon, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Myung-Jin Cha, Sang-Bae Ko, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip
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  • Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Are Related to Benign Parotid Tumor: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
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  • Increased Risk of Diabetes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
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  • Safety and Effectiveness of Contemporary P2Y 12 Inhibitors in an East Asian Population With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study
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  • Correlation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Service Database
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  • Relation between Baseline Height and New Diabetes Development: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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  • The risk of end-stage renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
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  • Venous thromboembolism in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone
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    International Journal of Hematology.2019; 109(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • Actinic keratosis and diabetes complications: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea (2009–2015)
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  • Ankylosing spondylitis: A novel risk factor for atrial fibrillation — A nationwide population-based study
    Inki Moon, Eue-Keun Choi, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, You-Jung Choi, Jiesuck Park, Jun Hwan Cho, Euijae Lee, Wonseok Choe, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Seil Oh
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  • Cancer risk among young men with weight gain after smoking cessation: A population-based cohort study
    Kyuwoong Kim, Seulggie Choi, Gyeongsil Lee, Su-Min Jeong, Sung Min Kim, Joung Sik Son, Jae-Moon Yun, Yeon-Yong Kim, Seong Yong Park, Sang Min Park
    Cancer Epidemiology.2019; 60: 86.     CrossRef
  • Effect of drug compliance on health care costs in newly-diagnosed dementia: Analysis of nationwide population-based data
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    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2019; 118: 31.     CrossRef
  • Colorectal Cancer Risks According to Sex Differences in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
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    Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.2019; 10(10): e00090.     CrossRef
  • Body Mass Index Variability and Long-term Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
    Yeong-Min Lim, Pil-Sung Yang, Eunsun Jang, Hee Tae Yu, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y.H. Lip
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  • Childbirth in young Korean women with previously treated breast cancer: The SMARTSHIP study
    Hak Min Lee, Bo Wook Kim, Seho Park, Sungmin Park, Jeon Eon Lee, Young Jin Choi, Sung Yong Kim, Sang Uk Woo, Hyun Jo Youn, Ilkyun Lee
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 176(2): 419.     CrossRef
  • Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for incident end stage renal disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study from Korea
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    Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.2019; 23(12): 1391.     CrossRef
  • Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
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  • Risk of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
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    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(5): 654.     CrossRef
  • The Effects after Implementing a Drug Utilization Review System on Contraindicated Drug use: A Systematic Review
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    Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2019; 29(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Trends in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Risk Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
    Minyoung Lee, Jiyu Sun, Minkyung Han, Yongin Cho, Ji-Yeon Lee, Chung Mo Nam, Eun Seok Kang
    Diabetes Care.2019; 42(11): 2057.     CrossRef
  • Dose–response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study
    Seona Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyung-Do Han, Hosim Soh, Eun Ae Kang, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
    Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 54(10): 881.     CrossRef
  • Is androgen deprivation therapy associated with cerebral infarction in patients with prostate cancer? A Korean nationwide population‐based propensity score matching study
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    Cancer Medicine.2019; 8(9): 4475.     CrossRef
  • Adult lung transplantation case-volume and in-hospital and long-term mortality in Korea
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    Lupus.2019; 28(3): 317.     CrossRef
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  • Validation of diagnostic codes of major clinical outcomes in a National Health Insurance database
    Jiesuck Park, Soonil Kwon, Eue-Keun Choi, You-jung Choi, Euijae Lee, Wonseok Choe, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Seil Oh
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  • HDL-Cholesterol, Its Variability, and the Risk of Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2019; 104(11): 5633.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic influence of Korean public medical insurance system on breast cancer patients
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  • Effect of Case Volume on Mortality After Pediatric Liver Transplantation in Korea
    Hannah Lee, Eun Jin Jang, Ga Hee Kim, Nam Joon Yi, Dal Ho Kim, Seokha Yoo, Hyung Sang Row, Chul-Woo Jung, Seung-Young Oh, Ho Geol Ryu
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  • Prescription Patterns and Burden of Pediatric Asthma in Korea
    In Suk Sol, Yoon Hee Kim, Soo Yeon Kim, Sun Ha Choi, Jong Deok Kim, Bo Ok Kim, Ji Eun Moon, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn
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  • Increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in lung cancer survivors: A Korean nationwide study of 20,458 patients
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  • Waist Circumference and All-Cause Mortality Independent of Body Mass Index in Korean Population from the National Health Insurance Health Checkup 2009–2015
    Yang-Hyun Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Seong-Su Lee, Sang Woo Oh, Hye Soon Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
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  • Temporal trends in prevalence and antithrombotic treatment among Asians with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide Korean population-based study
    Jiesuck Park, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, You-jung Choi, Euijae Lee, Wonseok Choe, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Chiara Lazzeri
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  • Factors influencing the incidence and treatment of intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage: time trends and socioeconomic disparities under an universal healthcare system
    Won Kyung Lee, Chang Wan Oh, Heeyoung Lee, Kun Sei Lee, Hyeonseon Park
    Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery.2019; 11(2): 159.     CrossRef
  • Increasing trends in hospital care burden of atrial fibrillation in Korea, 2006 through 2015
    Daehoon Kim, Pil-Sung Yang, Eunsun Jang, Hee Tae Yu, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y H Lip
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  • Appropriate Amount of Regular Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Mortality Risk
    DA YOUNG LEE, EUN-JUNG RHEE, JUNG HWAN CHO, HYEMI KWON, SE EUN PARK, YANG-HYUN KIM, KYUNGDO HAN, YONG-KYU PARK, SOON JIB YOO, WON-YOUNG LEE
    Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.2018; 50(12): 2451.     CrossRef
  • The effect of continuity of care on the incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with newly detected type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study
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    BMC Nephrology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased end-stage renal disease risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based study
    Seona Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyung-Do Han, Hosim Soh, Kookhwan Choi, Ji Hye Kim, Jooyoung Lee, Changhyun Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2018; 24(42): 4798.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data
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  • Impact of Renal Function on Outcomes With Edoxaban in Real-World Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
    Hee Tae Yu, Pil-Sung Yang, Tae-Hoon Kim, Eunsun Jang, Daehoon Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Boyoung Joung
    Stroke.2018; 49(10): 2421.     CrossRef
  • Association between adult height, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and death: a Korean nationwide population-based study
    Chan Soon Park, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Hyun Jung Lee, Tae-Min Rhee, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Si-Hyuck Kang, Seil Oh
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2018; 47(1): 289.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
    Minkyeong Kim, Kyong Park
    Nutrients.2018; 10(12): 1963.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Changes in Hemoglobin Concentration and Cardiovascular Risks and All‐Cause Mortality Among Young Women
    Gyeongsil Lee, Seulggie Choi, Kyuwoong Kim, Jae‐Moon Yun, Joung Sik Son, Su‐Min Jeong, Sung Min Kim, Yeon‐Yong Kim, Seong Yong Park, Youngil Koh, Seung‐sik Hwang, Sang Min Park
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  • The economic burden of rotavirus infection in South Korea from 2009 to 2012
    Kyung Suk Lee, Ye-Rin Lee, So-Youn Park, In-Hwan Oh, Donald R. Olson
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  • Incidence and death rate of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in Korea: A nationwide, population‐based study (2006–2015)
    Young Bok Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Soo Young Lee, Jin‐Wou Kim, Dong Soo Yu, Kyung Do Han, Yong Gyu Park
    The Journal of Dermatology.2018; 45(12): 1396.     CrossRef
  • Protective Effect of Metformin Against Thyroid Cancer Development: A Population-Based Study in Korea
    Yoon Young Cho, Min Jin Kang, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Tae Hyuk Kim, Joo Young Nam, Byung-Wan Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Sun Ok Song, Sun Wook Kim
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  • Association of oral ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin with the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
    Yongil Cho, Hyun Soo Park
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  • Evaluation of relationships between onychomycosis and vascular diseases using sequential pattern mining
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  • Age Threshold for Ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation
    Tae-Hoon Kim, Pil-Sung Yang, Hee Tae Yu, Eunsun Jang, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y.H. Lip
    Stroke.2018; 49(8): 1872.     CrossRef
  • Variations of Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Oral Anticoagulation Rate According to Different Analysis Approaches
    Pil-Sung Yang, Soorack Ryu, Daehoon Kim, Eunsun Jang, Hee Tae Yu, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jinseub Hwang, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y. H. Lip
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  • Reciprocal relationship between herpes zoster and cardiovascular diseases: A nationwide population‐based case–control study in Korea
    Hyun‐Min Seo, Myung‐Jin Cha, Ju Hee Han, Kyungdo Han, Sang Hyun Park, Chul Hwan Bang, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun Young Lee, Eue‐Keun Choi, Young Min Park
    The Journal of Dermatology.2018; 45(11): 1312.     CrossRef
  • Hypertension and risk of psoriasis incidence: An 11-year nationwide population-based cohort study
    Ha-Na Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sang-Wook Song, Ji Hyun Lee, Valerio De Vita
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  • Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study
    Eun‐Jung Rhee, Jung‐Hwan Cho, Hyemi Kwon, Se‐Eun Park, Jin‐Hyung Jung, Kyung‐Do Han, Yong‐Gyu Park, Hye Soon Park, Yang‐Hyun Kim, Soon‐Jib Yoo, Won‐Young Lee
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  • Prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Korean inflammatory bowel disease patients
    Bo Ram Yang, Nam-Kyong Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, Jaeyoung Chun, Sang Hyun Joo, Hyesung Kim, Joongyub Lee, Gang Liu
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  • Need for Systematic Efforts to Modify Health-Related Behaviors After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea
    Seungwoo Cha, Jin Joo Park, Sunyoung Kim, Hong-Yup Ahn, Kyungdo Han, Yookyung Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Nam-Jong Paik
    Circulation Journal.2018; 82(10): 2523.     CrossRef
  • Association between diabetes and asthma
    Ji Yeon Baek, Seung Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Eun Hee Koh
    Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.2018; 121(6): 699.     CrossRef
  • Association between Height and Actinic Keratosis: A Nationwide Population-based Study in South Korea
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  • Effect of Institutional Case Volume on In-Hospital Mortality After Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea
    S. Yoo, E.J. Jang, G.H. Kim, D.H. Kim, S.M. Kwon, H. Lee, C.-W. Jung, H.G. Ryu
    Transplantation Proceedings.2018; 50(10): 3644.     CrossRef
  • Past and Current Status of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis
    Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Yong-ho Lee, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Dae-Jung Kim, Chang Hee Jung, Ki-Up Lee, Kyung-Soo Ko
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  • Difference in prostate cancer incidence around sixty years: effects of age and metabolic diseases
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    Cancer Medicine.2018; 7(6): 2736.     CrossRef
  • A nationwide population-based study of common bile duct stone recurrence after endoscopic stone removal in Korea
    Byung Kyu Park, Jeong Hun Seo, Han Ho Jeon, Jong Won Choi, Sun Young Won, Yong Suk Cho, Chun Kyon Lee, Haeyong Park, Dong Wook Kim
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  • Estimating the impact of body mass index on bladder cancer risk: Stratification by smoking status
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  • Prevalence of Obesity and Incidence of Obesity-Related Comorbidities in Koreans Based on National Health Insurance Service Health Checkup Data 2006–2015
    Mi Hae Seo, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yong-Gyu Park, Seong-Su Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Won-Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2018; 27(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Association of Hemoglobin Concentration and Its Change With Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality
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  • Impact of acupuncture treatment on the lumbar surgery rate for low back pain in Korea: A nationwide matched retrospective cohort study
    Wonil Koh, Kyungwon Kang, Yoon Jae Lee, Me-riong Kim, Joon-Shik Shin, Jinho Lee, Jun-Hwan Lee, Kyung-Min Shin, In-Hyuk Ha, Qinhong Zhang
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  • The influence of diabetes and antidiabetic medications on the risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
    Da Young Lee, Ji Hee Yu, Sanghyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A. Seo
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  • Validation of Administrative Big Database for Colorectal Cancer Searched by International Classification of Disease 10th Codes in Korean: A Retrospective Big-cohort Study
    Young-Jae Hwang, Nayoung Kim, Chang Yong Yun, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Il Tae Son, Heung-Kwon Oh, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Hye Seung Lee, Seon Mee Park, Dong Ho Lee
    Journal of Cancer Prevention.2018; 23(4): 183.     CrossRef
  • J-Shaped Association Between Postoperative Levothyroxine Dosage and Fracture Risk in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Dong Wook Shin, Beomseok Suh, Hyunsun Lim, Jae Moon Yun, Sun Ok Song, Youngmin Park
    Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.2018; 33(6): 1037.     CrossRef
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  • Risk of ischemic stroke in metabolically healthy obesity: A nationwide population-based study
    Hyun-Jung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Seung-Hwan Lee, Yong-Jin Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Seil Oh, Manlio Vinciguerra
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  • Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of Adamantiades‐Behçet's disease in Korea: a nationwide, population‐based study (2006–2015)
    Y.B. Lee, S.Y. Lee, J.Y. Choi, J.H. Lee, H.S. Chae, J.W. Kim, K.D. Han, Y.G. Park, D.S. Yu
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2018; 32(6): 999.     CrossRef
  • Temporal trends of antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in Korean patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the era of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: A nationwide population-based study
    So-Ryoung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Myung-Jin Cha, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Thanh G Phan
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  • Persistent smoking after a cardiovascular event: A nationwide retrospective study in Korea
    Yoo Kyoung Lim, Dong Wook Shin, Hyeon Suk Kim, Jae Moon Yun, Jung-Hyun Shin, Hyejin Lee, Hye Yeon Koo, Min Jung Kim, Jeong Yeon Yoon, Mi Hee Cho, Katriina Aalto-Setala
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    Yang-Hyun Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Kyung-do Han, Jang-Won Son, Seong-Su Lee, Sang Woo Oh, Won-Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2017; 102(11): 4041.     CrossRef
  • Secondary Primary Prostate Cancer after Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in Korea
    Hyun Soo Kim, Yoon Jin Choi, Dong Woo Shin, Kyung-Do Han, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee
    Journal of Cancer Prevention.2017; 22(4): 241.     CrossRef
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  • Data Analytic Process of a Nationwide Population-Based Study on Obesity Using the National Health Information Database Presented by the National Health Insurance Service 2006-2015
    Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jang-Won Son, Seong-Su Lee, Sang Woo Oh, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soon-Ae Shin, Yeon-Yong Kim, Won-Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
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  • Trends in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation and estimated thromboembolic risk using the CHA2DS2-VASc score in the entire Korean population
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    International Journal of Cardiology.2017; 236: 226.     CrossRef
  • Home Return After Surgery in Patients Aged over 85 Years is Associated with Preoperative Albumin Levels, the Type of Surgery, and APACHE II Score
    Bora Lee, Sungwon Na, Miran Park, Sungyeon Ham, Jeongmin Kim
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    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2017; 131: 61.     CrossRef
  • Pediatric fluoroquinolone prescription in South Korea before and after a regulatory intervention: A nationwide study, 2007-2015
    Seung Yeon Song, Joo Hee Shin, Su Yeong Hyeon, Donguk Kim, Won Ku Kang, Soo-Han Choi, Yae-Jean Kim, Eun Young Kim, Ravi Jhaveri
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  • Increased risk of thyroid diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide population-based Study in Korea
    Jae-Seung Yun, Jung Min Bae, Ki-Jo Kim, Yu Seok Jung, Gyong Moon Kim, Hyung-Rae Kim, Jun-Seok Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seon-Ah Cha, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
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  • Trends in the pervasiveness of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and co-morbidities during an 8-year-follow-up of nationwide Korean population
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    Yongsung Suh, Chan Joo Lee, Deok-Kyu Cho, Yun-Hyeong Cho, Dong-Ho Shin, Chul-Min Ahn, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong
    The American Journal of Cardiology.2017; 120(10): 1804.     CrossRef
  • Data Analytic Process of a Nationwide Population-Based Study Using National Health Information Database Established by National Health Insurance Service
    Yong-ho Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Soo Ko, Ki-Up Lee
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  • Trends in Diabetes Incidence in the Last Decade Based on Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data
    Sun Ok Song, Yong-ho Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Young Duk Song, Joo Young Nam, Kyoung Hye Park, Dae Jung Kim, Seok Won Park, Hyun Chul Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(2): 292.     CrossRef
  • Obesity, metabolic health, and mortality in adults: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
    Hae Kyung Yang, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yong-Moon Park, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Bong-Yun Cha, Seung-Hwan Lee
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Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Patients Transferred to Korean Referral Hospitals
Min Young Oh, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, In Kyu Lee, Hong Sun Baek, Hyoung Woo Lee, Min Young Chung
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(5):388-394.   Published online October 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.388
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

We evaluated the disease profile and clinical management, including the status of both glycemic control and complications, in patients with diabetes who were transferred to referral hospitals in Korea.

Methods

Patients referred to 20 referral hospitals in Gyeongsangnam/Gyeongsangbuk-do and Jeollanam/Jeollabuk-do with at least a 1-year history of diabetes between January and June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed using medical records, laboratory tests, and questionnaires.

Results

A total of 654 patients were enrolled in the study. In total, 437 patients (67%) were transferred from clinics and 197 (30%) patients were transferred from hospitals. A total of 279 patients (43%) visited higher medical institutions without a written medical request. The main reason for the referral was glycemic control in 433 patients (66%). Seventy-three patients (11%) had received more than one session of diabetic education. Only 177 patients (27%) had been routinely self-monitoring blood glucose, and 146 patients (22%) were monitoring hemoglobin A1c. In addition, proper evaluations for diabetic complications were performed for 74 patients (11%). The most common complication was neuropathy (32%) followed by nephropathy (31%). In total, 538 patients (82%) had been taking oral hypoglycemic agents. A relatively large number of patients (44%) had been taking antihypertensive medications.

Conclusion

We investigated the clinical characteristics of diabetic patients and identified specific problems in diabetic management prior to the transfer. We also found several problems in the medical system, which were divided into three medical institutions having different roles in Korea. Our findings suggested that the relationships among medical institutions have to be improved, particularly for diabetes.

Citations

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Current Status of Glycemic Control of Patients with Diabetes in Korea: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ja Young Jeon, Dae Jung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Chul Sik Kim, Jee Hyun An, Nan Hee Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyeon Kim, Bong-Yun Cha, Kee-Ho Song
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):197-203.   Published online June 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.197
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III (2005) reported that 22.9% of individuals with diabetes have a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% and that 43.5% have an HbA1c <7%. We investigated the levels of glycemic control and the factors associated with glycemic control using data from the KNHANES V (2010 to 2012).

Methods

Subjects with diabetes diagnosed by a physician or those taking antidiabetic medications were classified as individuals with known diabetes. Of 1,498 subjects aged ≥30 years with diabetes, we excluded 157 individuals who were missing HbA1c data. A total of 1,341 subjects were included in the final analysis.

Results

The prevalence of known diabetes was 7.7% (n=1,498, estimated to be 2.32 million people). The proportions of well-controlled diabetes meeting a HbA1c goal of <6.5% and <7% were 27% and 45.6%, respectively. HbA1c increased as the duration of diabetes increased. HbA1c in subjects with a duration of diabetes ≤5 years was lower than in subjects with a duration >5 years. HbA1c in the group taking only oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) was significantly lower than that in the group administered only insulin or OHA and insulin in combination. In logistic regression analysis, a longer duration of diabetes, insulin use and the absence of chronic renal failure were associated with HbA1c levels >6.5%.

Conclusion

The level of adequate glycemic control was similar to but slightly improved compared with previous levels. The glycemic control of long-standing diabetes patients is more difficult even though they receive insulin treatment.

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Perspective
Journal Metrics-Based Position of Diabetes & Metabolism Journal after the Change of Its Text Language to English
Sun Huh
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):187-193.   Published online June 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.187
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

After changing its language from Korean or English to English only in 2010, the journal metrics of Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (DMJ) were analyzed to assess whether this change in the journal policy was successful. The journal metric items that were analyzed were the following: impact factor; total citations; countries of authors; proportion of the articles funded out of the total number of original articles; and Hirsch-index (H-index). A retrospective, descriptive analysis was carried out using various databases, such as KoreaMed, Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI), KoreaMed Synapse, Web of Science, and Journal Citation Ranking. The journal's impact factor was 2.054, which corresponds to 83/122 (68.0%) out of the 2012 JCR endocrinology and metabolism category. The number of the journal's total citations was 330 in 2013. In addition to Korean authors, authors from 13 other countries published papers in the journal from 2010 to 2013. The number of funded papers from 2010 to 2013 was 65 out of 148 original articles (43.9%). The journal's H-index from KoreaMed Synapse was 7, and that from Web of Science was 9. It can be concluded that changing the journal's language to English was successful based on journal metrics. DMJ is currently positioned as an international journal based on the international diversity of authors and editors, its sufficiently high proportion of funded articles, its relatively high impact factor, and the number of total citations.

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Original Articles
Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Nephropathy in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jae Hee Ahn, Ji Hee Yu, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Bong-Yun Cha, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):109-119.   Published online April 18, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.109
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. It manifests as albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its determinants in Korean adults have not previously been studied at the national level. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean patients with diabetes.

Methods

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V, conducted in 2011, was used to define albuminuria (n=4,652), and the dataset of KNHANES IV-V (2008-2011) was used to define CKD (n=21,521). Selected samples were weighted to represent the entire civilian population in Korea. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. CKD was defined as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results

Among subjects with diabetes, 26.7% had albuminuria, and 8.6% had CKD. Diabetes was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of albuminuria, with virtually no difference between new-onset and previously diagnosed diabetes. Only systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with albuminuria, and old age, high serum triglyceride levels, and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) were related with CKD in subjects with diabetes.

Conclusion

Korean subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD than those without diabetes. Blood pressure was associated with albuminuria, and age, triglyceride level, and previous CVD were independent determinants of CKD in subjects with diabetes.

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Women Are Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes at Higher Body Mass Indices and Older Ages than Men: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010
Su Kyoung Kwon
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):74-80.   Published online February 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.74
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Many epidemiologic studies have shown that women with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with men with diabetes. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether disparities of adiposity, age and insulin resistance (IR) at the time of diabetes diagnosis exist between women and men in the adult Korean population.

Methods

Data from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, performed in Korea from 2007 to 2010, were used. In the survey, anthropometric data and blood samples were obtained during a fasting state. IR and β-cell function were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, respectvely).

Results

The mean age of diabetes diagnosis was 58.5 years in women and was 55.1 years in men (P=0.015). The mean body mass index (BMI) of newly diagnosed diabetes subjects was 26.1 kg/m2 in women and 25.0 kg/m2 in men (P=0.001). The BMI was inversely related to age in both genders, and the higher BMI in women than men was consistent throughout all age groups divided by decade. The HOMA-IR in women with diabetes is higher than in men with diabetes (7.25±0.77 vs. 5.20±0.32; P=0.012).

Conclusion

Korean adult women are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at higher BMI and older age than men and are more insulin-resistant at the time of diabetes diagnosis. This may help explain why women with diabetes have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease after the diagnosis of diabetes, compared to men.

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Higher Prevalence and Awareness, but Lower Control Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes than General Population: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011
Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):51-57.   Published online February 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.51
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

We investigated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension in Korean adults with diabetes using nationally representative data.

Methods

Using data of 5,105 adults from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011 (4,389 nondiabetes mellitus [non-DM]), 242 newly diagnosed with DM (new-DM), and 474 previously diagnosed with DM (known-DM), we analyzed the prevalence of hypertension (mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication) and control rate of hypertension (blood pressure [BP] <130/80 mm Hg).

Results

The prevalence of hypertension in diabetic adults was 54.6% (44.4% in new-DM and 62.6% in known-DM, P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively) compared with non-DM adults (26.2%). Compared to non-DM, awareness (85.7%, P<0.001) and treatment (97.0%, P=0.020) rates were higher in known-DM, whereas no differences were found between new-DM and non-DM. Control rate among all hypertensive subjects was lower in new-DM (14.9%), compared to non-DM (35.1%, P<0.001) and known-DM (33.3%, P=0.004). Control rate among treated subjects was also lower in new-DM (25.2%), compared to non-DM (68.4%, P<0.0001) and known-DM (39.9%, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

Higher prevalence and low control rate of hypertension in adults with diabetes suggest that stringent efforts are needed to control BP in patients with diabetes, particularly in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.

Citations

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    Thuc Huy Phan, Kien Trung Dong, Diem Thi Hong Nguyen, Hong Thi Nguyen, Khoa Xuan Tang, Anh Hai Cao, Linh Thuy Nguyen, Tuyet Thi Hong Nguyen, Duc Minh Cap
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Prevalence, Awareness, and Management of Obesity in Korea: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2011)
Chul Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Dae Jung Kim, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):35-43.   Published online February 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.35
  • 10,371 View
  • 37 Download
  • 81 Web of Science
  • 88 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and several cardiovascular diseases. This study was to investigate the trends in the prevalence, awareness, and management status of obesity among the Korean population for recent 13 years.

Methods

The prevalence, subjective awareness, and management of obesity were investigated in adults aged ≥19 years by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 1998 to 2011.

Results

The number of participants was 8,117, 5,826, 5,500, 3,025, 6,756, 7,506, 6,255, and 6,155 in the KNHANES in years 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 26.9%, 29.2%, 32.9%, 32.5%, 32.0%, 32.6%, 32.0%, and 32.0% in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively, while the overall prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased by 1.19-fold and 1.24-fold respectively in 2011 compared against 2001. In general, a gradual increase in the prevalence of severe obesity has been observed as years go by. Furthermore, trends of improvements in obesity awareness and management rates were visible over the period of surveys.

Conclusion

Although the management status of obesity has improved during the recent years, more effective strategy to control obesity is needed.

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Prevalence and Management of Dyslipidemia in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1998 to 2010
Eun Roh, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Dae Jung Kim, Sung Hee Choi, Soo Lim, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(6):433-449.   Published online December 12, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.433
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing trends in the prevalence and management status of dyslipidemia among Korean adults.

Methods

The prevalence of dyslipidemia and the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were investigated in adults aged ≥20 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys (KNHANES) 1998 to 2010. The updated National Cholesterol Education Program criteria was used, which define dyslipidemia as having one or more of the following lipid abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or diagnosis of dyslipidemia or use of lipid-lowering drugs), hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), hyper-low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia (≥160 mg/dL or diagnosis of dyslipidemia or use of lipid-lowering drugs), and hypo-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women).

Results

The number of participants was 6,921, 4,894, 5,312, 2,733, 6,295, 6,900, and 5,738 in KNHANES 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Age-standardized prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were 54.0%, 65.8%, 66.5%, 60.6%, 58.7%, 58.9%, and 59.0% in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia were the two most frequent lipid abnormalities. The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia increased by 1.36- and 1.35-fold in 2010 compared with 2007, respectively. Awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia improved over the period of surveys in both sexes. In 2010, about 30% of dyslipidemic patients who received lipid-lowering treatment reached target levels.

Conclusion

Although the management status of dyslipidemia has improved during recent years, effective strategy is required for achieving better prevention, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia.

Citations

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