Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Interleukin-15 Expression and Glucose Tolerance in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats: Hee-Jae Kim, Jae Young Park, Seung Lyul Oh, Yong-An Kim, Byunghun So, Je Kyung Seong, Wook Song; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):358-364. Published online October 17, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.358

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Background

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a well-known myokine, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is involved in muscle-fat crosstalk. Recently, a role of skeletal muscle-derived IL-15 in the improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has been proposed. However, little is known regarding the influence of endurance training on IL-15 expression in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscles. We investigated the effect of endurance exercise training on glucose tolerance and IL-15 expression in skeletal muscles using type 2 diabetic animal models.

Methods

Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and ZDF lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sedentary ZLC, sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). The ZDF-Ex rats were forced to run a motor-driven treadmill for 60 minutes once a day 5 times per week for 12 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 12 weeks. Expression of IL-15 was measured using ELISA in extracted soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medial muscles.

Results

After 12 weeks of treadmill training, reduction of body weight was observed in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con rats. Glucose tolerance using IPGTT in diabetic rats was significantly improved in ZDF-Ex rats. Furthermore, the expression of IL-15 was significantly increased (P<0.01) only in the SOL of ZDF-Ex rats compared to ZDF-Con. Additionally, IL-15 expression in SOL muscles was negatively correlated with change of body weight (R=-0.424, P=0.04).

Conclusion

The present study results suggest that 12 weeks of progressive endurance training significantly improved glucose tolerance with concomitant increase of IL-15 expression in SOL muscles of type 2 diabetic rats.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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The Inhibitory Effect of Epicatechin on IL-1beta -induced iNOS Expression and NO Production in RINm5F Cell.: Gyeong Ryul Ryu, Do Sik Min, Duck Joo Rhie, Shin Hee Yoon, Sang June Hahn, Myung Suk Kim, Yang Hyeok Jo, Myung Jun Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(6):456-466. Published online December 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta ) stimulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO), lead to NO-mediated insulin, which produces cell damage. Within these signal pathways, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation is crucial, with many IL-1beta -sensitive genes containing NF-kappaB binding sites in their promoter regions. The inhibitory effect of (-)epicatechin (EC), an antioxidant agent, on IL-1beta -induced NF-kappaB activation, and the subsequent iNOS expression in RINm5F cells, were examined. METHODS: RINm5F cells were pretreated with EC (0.8 mM), and then cultured with IL-1beta (10U/mL), and the iNOS mRNA and protein levels then determined by Northern and Western blots, respectively. The production of NO was measured as nitrite in the culture supernatant. The protein levels of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (IkappaB) and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity were determined by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. Also, the promoter activity following transient transfection of the iNOS promoter-luciferase reporter genes into the cells were tested. RESULTS: EC was found to significantly reduce the IL-1beta -induced NO production, and iNOS protein and mRNA levels, and also blocked the IL-1beta -induced IkappaB protein degradation, NF-kappaB activation and iNOS promoter activity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EC inhibits the IL-1beta -induced iNOS expression in RINm5F cells, by interfering with the binding of the NF-kappaB to the iNOS promoter, thereby inhibiting the induction of iNOS transcription.

Effects of Aminoguanidine on Nitric Oxide Production, Insulin Release and Hsp 70 Expression in Cultured Rat Islets Exposed to IL-1betabeta.: Kyu Chang Won, Mi Jung Eun, Jae Hong Kim, Jung Hyun Oh, Sang Yub Nam, Ji Sung Yoon, Hyun Dae Yoon, In Ho Cho, Hyoung Woo Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(4):273-285. Published online August 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
IL-1beta has been implicated to play an important role in the autoimmune beta cell lesion of type 1 diabetes because of its inhibition of insulin secretion and direct islet cytotoxicity. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine on No production, insulin release and hsp 70 expression in cultured rat islets exposed to IL-1beta. METHOD: Islets isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with IL-1beta , aminoguanidine AG and GSNO, individually and in combination for 24hours. Accumulated nitrite production, insulin release and islet expression of hsp 70 were measured. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased nitrite production, inhibited insulin release, and increased hsp 70 expression. AG alone had no effect on nitrite production, insulin release and hsp 70 expression. In combination, AG completely blocked IL-1beta but increased nitrite production, reversed IL-1beta inhibited insulin release and reversed IL-1beta increased hsp 70 expression. Moreover, nitric oxide NO donor, GSNO stimulated hsp 70 expression. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that hsp 70 may be one potential protein that is expressed in response to NO and that participates in islet recovery from NO mediated islet damage.

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