Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Normal Glucose Tolerance with a High 1-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Level Exhibits Decreased β-Cell Function Similar to Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Tae Jung Oh, Se Hee Min, Chang Ho Ahn, Eun Ky Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):147-153. Published online March 9, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.147

4,843 View
49 Download
16 Web of Science
14 Crossref

Background

Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who have a high 1-hour postload plasma glucose level (≥155 mg/dL; NGT 1 hour-high) have been shown to be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes than subjects with NGT 1 hour-low postload plasma glucose level (<155 mg/dL). We compared β-cell function in subjects with NGT 1 hour-high, NGT 1 hour-low, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods

We classified subjects into NGT 1 hour-low (n=149), NGT 1 hour-high (n=43), and IGT (n=52). The β-cell function was assessed based on insulinogenic index (IGI), oral disposition index (DI), and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2).

Results

Insulin sensitivity was comparable between the subjects with NGT 1 hour-high and NGT 1 hour-low. The β-cell function with/without adjusting insulin sensitivity was significantly different among the three groups. The IGI (pmol/mmol) was 116.8±107.3 vs. 64.8±47.8 vs. 65.8±80.6 (P=0.141), oral DI was 3.5±4.2 vs. 1.8±1.4 vs. 1.8±3.1 (P<0.001), and ISSI-2 was 301.2±113.7 vs. 213.2±67.3 vs. 172.5±87.5 (P<0.001) in NGT 1 hour-low, NGT 1 hour-high, and IGT, respectively. Post hoc analyses revealed that oral DI and ISSI-2 were significantly different between NGT 1 hour-low and NGT 1 hour-high but comparable between NGT 1 hour-high and IGT.

Conclusion

Among Korean subjects with NGT, those who have a higher 1-hour postload glucose level have a compromised insulin-sensitivity adjusted β-cell function to a similar degree as IGT subjects.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Triglyceride-glucose index predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus more effectively than oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers
Min Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Bae, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi, Mi Sook Yun, Yang Ho Kang
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 210: 111640. CrossRef
Pathophysiological characteristics of subjects with intermediate hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes identified by 1-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test
Chiara M.A. Cefalo, Alessia Riccio, Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Elena Succurro, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Maria Perticone, Angela Sciacqua, Francesco Andreozzi, Giorgio Sesti
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; : 111856. CrossRef
Pancreatic fat accumulation is associated with decreased β‐cell function and deterioration in glucose tolerance in Korean adults
Sang Ouk Chin, You‐Cheol Hwang, In‐Jin Cho, In‐Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Indirect insulin resistance detection: Current clinical trends and laboratory limitations
Sylwia Placzkowska, Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka, Izabela Kokot, Agnieszka Piwowar
Biomedical Papers.2019; 163(3): 187. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Using Post-Challenge Plasma Glucose Levels for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Individuals
Kyong Hye Joung, Sang Hyun Ju, Ji Min Kim, Sorim Choung, Jae Min Lee, Kang Seo Park, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(2): 147. CrossRef
The 1-h post-load plasma glucose as a novel biomarker for diagnosing dysglycemia
Ram Jagannathan, Martin Buysschaert, José Luis Medina, Karin Katz, Sarah Musleh, Brenda Dorcely, Michael Bergman
Acta Diabetologica.2018; 55(6): 519. CrossRef
Elevated 1‐hour post‐load plasma glucose identifies obese youth with abnormal glucose metabolism and an unfavourable inflammatory profile
Anastasios Serbis, Vasileios Giapros, Anna Challa, Nikolaos Chaliasos, Ekaterini Siomou
Clinical Endocrinology.2018; 89(6): 757. CrossRef
One‐hour postload plasma glucose concentration in people with normal glucose homeostasis predicts future diabetes mellitus: a 12‐year community‐based cohort study
Tae Jung Oh, Soo Lim, Kyoung Min Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, HakChul Jang, Nam H. Cho
Clinical Endocrinology.2017; 86(4): 513. CrossRef
An elevated 1-h post- load glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test detects prediabetes
Martin Buysschaert, Michael Bergman, Donald Yanogo, Ram Jagannathan, Benoit Buysschaert, Vanessa Preumont
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2017; 11(2): 137. CrossRef
Delayed insulin secretion response during an OGTT is associated with an increased risk for incidence of diabetes in NGT subjects
Yun Sun, Junfeng Han, Ziwei Lin, Lige Song, Chen Wang, Weiping Jia
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2016; 30(8): 1537. CrossRef
Postprandial Hyperglycemia
Tae Jung Oh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(4): 233. CrossRef
β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Glucose-Tolerant Subjects Stratified by 1-Hour Plasma Glucose Values
Miranda M. Priya, Anandakumar Amutha, T.A. Pramodkumar, Harish Ranjani, Saravanan Jebarani, Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Viswanathan Mohan
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2016; 18(1): 29. CrossRef
Response: Normal Glucose Tolerance with a High 1-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Level Exhibits Decreased β-Cell Function Similar to Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Diabetes Metab J2015;39:147-53)
Tae Jung Oh, Se Hee Min, Chang Ho Ahn, Eun Ky Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(3): 270. CrossRef
Letter: Normal Glucose Tolerance with a High 1-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Level Exhibits Decreased β-Cell Function Similar to Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Diabetes Metab J2015;39:147-53)
Hee Kyung Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(3): 268. CrossRef

Correlation of C-reactive Protein with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Korean Women with Normal or Impaired Glucose Tolerance.: Soon Beom Kwon, Kyung Mook Choi, Soo Yeon Park, Hye Jin Yoo, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Sang Soo Park, Hee Young Kim, Kye Won Lee, Ji A Seo, Jeong Heon Oh, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(5):432-440. Published online October 1, 2004

1,270 View
26 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that type 2 diabetes is associated with the increased blood concentrations of markers for the acute phase response, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum sialic acid and fibrinogen. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced acute-phase response is a major pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes in elderly Korean women. METHODS: We randomly selected a total of 232 non-smoking and non-diabetic female subjects among a total of 1,737 elderly subjects aged over 60 years who had participated in a population based study in Seoul, Korea (SWS Study 1999). We compared concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP), between the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESULTS: The IGT group showed higher serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) concentrations than did the NGT group (the median was 1.2 versus 0.9, respectively, p<0.05). Moreover, a close relationship between serum hs-CRP concentrations and many components of the metabolic syndrome was found. However, serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were not increasedin the IGT group, and they were not closely correlated with the components of metabolic syndrome. Multiple regression analysis using a stepwise selection method showed that the white blood cell counts, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, post-load 2h glucose, hematocrit and LDL cholesterol were associated with hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the relationship between C-reactive protein, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome in elderly Korean women.

Insulin Secretory Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans: A Minimal Model Analysis.: Sung Hoon Kim, Dong Jun Kim, Byung Wan Lee, In Ah Seo, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Moon Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(5):414-419. Published online October 1, 2003

1,521 View
27 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes is a complex, heterogeneous disorder, characterized by impairments in both insulin secretion and insulin action. This study was done to examine the significance of alterations in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Korean subjects with varying degrees of glucose intolerance. METHODS: Forty Korean subjects were studied, 12 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 14 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 14 with type 2 diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on each subject. Insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (Sg), acute insulin response after intravenous glucose (AIRg) and the disposition index (DI= SI x AIRg) were measured by the insulin-modified, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). RESULTS: Neither fasting serum insulin level nor SI was significantly different among the NGT, lGT and diabetes groups. Sg was significantly lower in the type 2 diabetes group than in the NGT group. The mean AIRg was blunted in the IGT and diabetes groups when compared with the NGT group. DI was more powerful in differentiating between NGT and IGT, compared to AIRg alone. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a defect in the compensatory insulin secretion might be more important than insulin resistance in the development of type 2 diabetes in Korean subjects.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Impaired Fasting Glucose with Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Yonchon County.: In Kyong Jeong, Min Kyong Moon, Sang Wan Kim, Young Joo Park, Sun Yuk Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Do Joon Park, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Noe Kyeong Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(1):71-77. Published online January 1, 2001

1,133 View
22 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
To compare the clinical characteristics of 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with World Health Organization (WHO) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a Korean population. METHODS: The analyses were based on the data of 2,251 subjects aged 30-80 years obtained from the surveys of Yonchon County in Korea in 1993, and the data of 1084 subjects participated in the follow-up survey in 1995. Prevalence of glucose tolerance categories was obtained by using WHO and ADA criteria, and the level of agreement was estimated by index. Cardiovascular risk profile and the incidence of diabetes based on the ADA criteria after 2 years were compared by focusing on the discordant ctiagnostic categories namely IGT/NFS in which the subjects were diagnosed as IGT by WHO criteria but normal fasting glucose(NFG) by ADA criteria and NGT/IFG diagnosed as normal glucose tolerance(NGT) by WHO but IFG by ADA. Results The ADA criteria failed to diagnose 69% of IGT patients, that is 62% of them were considered normal and 7% as diabetes. The overall agreement was poor (x statistics = 0.32, p<0.05). Subjects classified into IGT/NFG or NGT/IFG showed the worse cardiovascular risk profile and higher incidence of diabetes than NGT/NFG. Especially, subjects with NGT/IFG exhibited higher incidence of diabetes than those with IGT/NFG. CONCLUSION: Although IFG predicts subsequent development of diabetes much better than IGT, the vast majority of the subjects with IGT will be missed according to ADA criteria based on FPG only. Consequently FPG alone could be an inadequate substitute for the OGTT.

Insulin Secretion, Insulin Sensitivity and Body Fat Distribution Patterns in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance.: Jin Hwa Lee, Yeon Ah Sung, Nan Ho Kyung, Yeon Jin Jang; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(5):647-660. Published online January 1, 2001

966 View
18 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity, and often preceded by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). To determine the relative importance of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in development of type 2 DM, we evaluated body fat distribution patterns, insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with IGT. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with IGT and age and weight matched twenty-four control subjects, were recruited from urban diabetes incidence cohort. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured. Body fat distribution pattern was assessed by waist to hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat and fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedence analyzer, and visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) at the level of umbilicus using the computed tomography. Using insulin modified intravenous glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity was measured as minimal model derived sensitivity index (S(I)), and insulin secretion was measured as acute insulin response to glucose (AIR(g)) and beta-cell disposition index (AlR(g) X Sr). RESULT: l) In the patients with IGT, AIR(g)X S(I)(p<0.01) and area under the curve of insulin (AUC(I))(p<0.01) were significantly decreased compared with control subjects and age was greater than control subjects without statistical significance (p=0.17). 2) In the patients with IGT, body fat distribution patterns, indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity were not different according to the presence of family history of DM. AIR, and S(I) were negatively correlated in control subjects (r=-0.38, p=0.08) and the patients with IGT without family history of DM (r=-0.37, p=0.10), but not in the patients with IGT with family history of DM. 3) In the patients with IGT, indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity were not different according to body mass index (BMI). In both obese (BMI>=25 kg/m ) and non-obese (BMI<25 kg/m) patients with IGT, AIR(g)(p<0.05) and AIR(g) X S(I) were significantly decreased compared with control subjects (p<0.01). 4) In control subjects, age (p<0.05) and body fat mass (p<0.05) were significantly associated with AIR(g) X S(I) by multiple regression analysis. In the patients with IGT, body fat mass was significantly associated with AIR(g)(p<0.01) and AUC(I)(p<0.01), and BMI(p<0.01) was significantly associated with S(I). CONCLUSION: In patients with IGT, impaired insulin secretion was more prominent than decreased insulin sensitivity as compared with control subjects regardless of obesity and the presence of family history.

Plasma Proinsulin Levels among the Control, Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.: Mi Deok Lee, Young Uck Kim, Hong Seung Kim, Young Goo Shin, Choon Hee Chung; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(2):147-154. Published online January 1, 2001

1,026 View
21 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Increased secretion of proinsulin has been associated with beta-cell dysfunction. Hyper-proinsulinemia is suggested to be a predictor for the progression of IGT to type 2 DM. In this study, we compared the concentration of insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin levels among the control group, IGT and type 2 DM group during the oral glucose tolerance test. We investigated whether hyperproinsulinemia was an effective predictor of beta-cell impairment befre the clinical onset of type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS: We studied proinsulin, insulin(using an assay that display appreciable cross-reactivity with proinsulin) and proinsulin:insulin ratio during the oral glucose tolerance test in 14 controls, 20 IGT and 20 type 2 DM. We also compared proinsulin, proinsulin response areas and proinsulin:insulin ratio among the three groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline and 30min proinsulin levels among three groups. However, proinsulin response areas in IGT were higher than those in other groups. Baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio and post-load proinsulin/ insulin ratio were not significantly different among the three groups. In IGT group, the proinsulin response after glucose loading was rapidly increased, but was blunted in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: We suggest that pancreatic beta cell dysfunction was ongoing before the clinical onset of DM and hyperproinsulinemia, especially the proinsulin response areas during oral GTT may be a predictor for the development of type 2 DM.

Changes in Serum True Insulin and C-peptide Levels during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Koreans with Glucose Intolerance.: Young Il Kim, Chul Soo Choi, Sang Wook Kim, Hong Kyu Kim, Chul Hee Kim, Joong Yeol Park, Sung Kwan Hong, Ki Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(2):192-198. Published online January 1, 2001

1,187 View
22 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that progression from normal glucose tolerance(NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) is associated with the development of insulin resistance and hyper-insulinemia, while further progression from IGT to NIDDM results from an inability of the 8-cell to maintain high rate of insulin secretion. However, it is not established whether similar findings are also observed in Korean subjects with glucose intolerance. The aim of this study was to examine insulin secretory response after oral glucose stimulation in obese and non-obese Korean subjects according to varying degree of glucose intolerance. METHODS: Eighty eight Korean men underwent 75g oral glucose tolerance test. The subjects were classified into NGT(n=30), IGT(n=23), NIDDM(n= 35) according to National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m . Serum true insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Fasting serum true insulin and C-peptide levels were not different from each other among NGT, IGT and NIDDM groups, both in obese and non-obese subjects. Obese subjects with IGT had significantly higher serum true insulin and C-peptide levels at 120 min than those in NGT subjects, but the levels at 30 and 60 min were not different. On the other hand, non-obese subjects with IGT had lower serum true insulin level at 30 min and lower serum C-pepitde level at 60 min compared to those in NGT subjects. True insulin and C-pepitde levels at 30 and 60 min were significantly lower in patients with NIDDM than in those with NGT, both in obese and non-obese subjects. CONCLUSION: Hyperinsulinemia, especially at a later phase of oral glucose tolerance test, is apparent in obese subjects with IGT. On the other hand, early phase insulin secretory defect is prominent in non-obese subjects with IGT. These results suggest that impaired insulin secretion may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of non-obese NIDDM in Korea.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search