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Original Article
Effects of Endurance Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Insulin Resistance and Ceramide Contents of Skeletal Muscle in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Hyun Lyung Jung, Ho Youl Kang
Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(4):244-252.   Published online August 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.4.244
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Background

We evaluated the effects of endurance exercise and a high-fat diet on insulin resistance and ceramide contents of skeletal muscle in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods

We randomly divided 32 rats into four groups: control (CON, n = 8), high fat diet (HF, n = 8), exercise (Ex, 24 m/min for 2 hours, 5 days/wk, n = 8), HF/Ex (n = 8). After 4-week treatments, plasma lipid profiles, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. The triglycerides (TG), ceramide, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) contents were measured in the skeletal muscle. The rate of glucose transport was determined under submaximal insulin concentration during the muscle incubation.

Results

Free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in CON and HF than Ex (P = 0.032). Plasma glucose levels in HF were significantly higher than the two Ex groups (P = 0.002), and insulin levels were significantly higher in HF than in other three groups (P = 0.021). Muscular TG concentrations were significantly higher in HF than CON and Ex and also in HF/Ex than Ex, respectively (P = 0.005). Hepatic TG concentrations were significantly higher in HF than other three groups but Ex was significantly lower than HF/Ex (P = 0.000). Muscular ceramide content in HF was significantly greater than that in either Ex or HF/Ex (P = 0.031). GLUT-4 levels in CON and HF were significantly lower than those in Ex and HF/Ex (P = 0.009, P = 0.003). The glucose transport rate in submaximal insulin concentration was lower in CON than in either Ex or HF/Ex (P = 0.043), but not different from HF.

Conclusion

This study suggests that high fat diet for 4 weeks selectively impairs insulin resistance, but not glucose transport rate, GLUT-4 and ceramide content in skeletal muscle per se. However, endurance exercise markedly affects the content of ceramide and insulin resistance in muscle.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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  • Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Ceramide Accumulation in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Women with Morbid Obesity
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  • Changes in Membrane Ceramide Pools in Rat Soleus Muscle in Response to Short-Term Disuse
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    British Journal of Nutrition.2016; 115(7): 1155.     CrossRef
  • The Metabolic Implications of Glucocorticoids in a High-Fat Diet Setting and the Counter-Effects of Exercise
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  • Effects of Exercise Intensity on PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of High Fat Diet-fed Sprague-Dawley Rats
    Hyun-Lyung Jung, Ho-Youl Kang
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2014; 43(7): 963.     CrossRef
  • The roles of aerobic exercise training and suppression IL-6 gene expression by RNA interference in the development of insulin resistance
    Hui Tang, Min-hao Xie, Yu Lei, Liang Zhou, Yu-ping Xu, Jian-guang Cai
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  • Long-Term Consequences of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on Brain Structure and Function: Therapeutic Benefits of Physical Activity
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