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Original Article
Genetics
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Exon Sequencing of HNF1β in Chinese Patients with Early-Onset Diabetes
Siqian Gong, Hong Lian, Yating Li, Xiaoling Cai, Wei Liu, Yingying Luo, Meng Li, Si-min Zhang, Rui Zhang, Lingli Zhou, Yu Zhu, Qian Ren, Xiuying Zhang, Jing Chen, Jing Wu, Xianghai Zhou, Xirui Wang, Xueyao Han, Linong Ji
Received March 20, 2024  Accepted July 24, 2024  Published online November 13, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0159    [Epub ahead of print]
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients.
Methods
Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.
Results
Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher.
Conclusion
MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.
Brief Report
Type 1 Diabetes
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In Vivo Differentiation of Endogenous Bone Marrow-Derived Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells Using Four Soluble Factors
Seung-Ah Lee, Subin Kim, Seog-Young Kim, Jong Yoen Park, Hye Seung Jung, Sung Soo Chung, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):150-159.   Published online October 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0174
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Four soluble factors—putrescine, glucosamine, nicotinamide, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor BP-1-102—were shown to differentiate bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMNCs) into functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in vitro. Transplantation of these IPCs improved hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, the role of endogenous BMNC regeneration in this effect was unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these factors on in vivo BMNC differentiation into IPCs in diabetic mice. Mice were orally administered the factors for 5 days, twice at 2-week intervals, and monitored for 45–55 days. Glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and pancreatic insulin content were measured. Chimeric mice harboring BMNCs from insulin promoter luciferase/green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were used to track endogenous BMNC fate. These factors lowered blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin secretion. Immunostaining confirmed IPCs in the pancreas, showing the potential of these factors to induce β-cell regeneration and improve diabetes treatment.
Original Articles
Genetics
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Identification and Potential Clinical Utility of Common Genetic Variants in Gestational Diabetes among Chinese Pregnant Women
Claudia Ha-ting Tam, Ying Wang, Chi Chiu Wang, Lai Yuk Yuen, Cadmon King-poo Lim, Junhong Leng, Ling Wu, Alex Chi-wai Ng, Yong Hou, Kit Ying Tsoi, Hui Wang, Risa Ozaki, Albert Martin Li, Qingqing Wang, Juliana Chung-ngor Chan, Yan Chou Ye, Wing Hung Tam, Xilin Yang, Ronald Ching-wan Ma
Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):128-143.   Published online September 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0139
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications.
Methods
We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants.
Results
Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 1.96), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Citations

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  • Hexokinase Domain Containing 1 (HKDC1) Gene Variants and Their Association With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini-Review
    Sekar Kanthimathi, Polina Popova, Viswanathan Mohan, Wesley Hannah, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Venkatesan Radha
    Journal of Diabetology.2024; 15(4): 354.     CrossRef
Basic Research
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Single-Cell Landscape and a Macrophage Subset Enhancing Brown Adipocyte Function in Diabetes
Junfei Gu, Jiajia Jin, Xiaoyu Ren, Xinjie Zhang, Jiaxuan Li, Xiaowei Wang, Shucui Zhang, Xianlun Yin, Qunye Zhang, Zhe Wang
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(5):885-900.   Published online May 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0278
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which the abnormalities in brown adipose tissue (BAT) play important roles. However, the cellular composition and function of BAT as well as its pathological significance in diabetes remain incompletely understood. Our objective is to delineate the single-cell landscape of BAT-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and their characteristic alterations in T2DM rats.
Methods
T2DM was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin and high-fat diet feeding. Single-cell mRNA sequencing was then performed on BAT samples and compared to normal rats to characterize changes in T2DM rats. Subsequently, the importance of key cell subsets in T2DM was elucidated using various functional studies.
Results
Almost all cell types in the BAT-derived SVF of T2DM rats exhibited enhanced inflammatory responses, increased angiogenesis, and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. The multidirectional differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells was also reduced. Moreover, macrophages played a pivotal role in intercellular crosstalk of BAT-derived SVF. A novel Rarres2+macrophage subset promoted the differentiation and metabolic function of brown adipocytes via adipose-immune crosstalk.
Conclusion
BAT SVF exhibited strong heterogeneity in cellular composition and function and contributed to T2DM as a significant inflammation source, in which a novel macrophage subset was identified that can promote brown adipocyte function.
Type 1 Diabetes
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A New Tool to Identify Pediatric Patients with Atypical Diabetes Associated with Gene Polymorphisms
Sophie Welsch, Antoine Harvengt, Paola Gallo, Manon Martin, Dominique Beckers, Thierry Mouraux, Nicole Seret, Marie-Christine Lebrethon, Raphaël Helaers, Pascal Brouillard, Miikka Vikkula, Philippe A. Lysy
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(5):949-959.   Published online March 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0166
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Recent diabetes subclassifications have improved the differentiation between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus despite several overlapping features, yet without considering genetic forms of diabetes. We sought to facilitate the identification of monogenic diabetes by creating a new tool that we validated in a pediatric maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) cohort.
Methods
We first created the DIAgnose MOnogenic DIAbetes (DIAMODIA) criteria based on the pre-existing, but incomplete, MODY calculator. This new score is composed of four strong and five weak criteria, with patients having to display at least one weak and one strong criterion.
Results
The effectiveness of the DIAMODIA criteria was evaluated in two patient cohorts, the first consisting of patients with confirmed MODY diabetes (n=34) and the second of patients with T1DM (n=390). These DIAMODIA criteria successfully detected 100% of MODY patients. Multiple correspondence analysis performed on the MODY and T1DM cohorts enabled us to differentiate MODY patients from T1DM. The three most relevant variables to distinguish a MODY from T1DM profile were: lower insulin-dose adjusted A1c score ≤9, glycemic target-adjusted A1c score ≤4.5, and absence of three anti-islet cell autoantibodies.
Conclusion
We validated the DIAMODIA criteria, as it effectively identified all monogenic diabetes patients (MODY cohort) and succeeded to differentiate T1DM from MODY patients. The creation of this new and effective tool is likely to facilitate the characterization and therapeutic management of patients with atypical diabetes, and promptly referring them for genetic testing which would markedly improve clinical care and counseling, as well.
Review
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
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One-Carbon Metabolism Nutrients, Genetic Variation, and Diabetes Mellitus
Jie Zhu, Gunjana Saikia, Xiaotao Zhang, Xiaoxi Shen, Ka Kahe
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):170-183.   Published online March 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0272
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects about 9.3% of the population globally. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DM, owing to its promotion of oxidative stress, β-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. HHcy can result from low status of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients (e.g., folate, choline, betaine, vitamin B6, B12), which work together to degrade homocysteine by methylation. The etiology of HHcy may also involve genetic variation encoding key enzymes in OCM. This review aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature assessing the link between OCM nutrients status, related genetic factors, and incident DM. We also discussed possible mechanisms underlying the role of OCM in DM development and provided recommendations for future research and practice. Even though the available evidence remains inconsistent, some studies support the potential beneficial effects of intakes or blood levels of OCM nutrients on DM development. Moreover, certain variants in OCM-related genes may influence metabolic handling of methyl-donors and presumably incidental DM. Future studies are warranted to establish the causal inference between OCM and DM and examine the interaction of OCM nutrients and genetic factors with DM development, which will inform the personalized recommendations for OCM nutrients intakes on DM prevention.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Vitamin B12 is correlated with insulin resistance and metabolism disorder markers in women with recurrent pregnancy loss
    Xujing Deng, Dengke Qin, Qiuhong Ding, Liying Peng, Guohua Li, Shihua Bao
    Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction.2025; 54(1): 102864.     CrossRef
  • Association between chronic kidney disease and oxidative balance score: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018
    Cong Liu, Jiju Yang, Hongdian Li, Yuanyuan Deng, Pengfei He, Jiao Zhang, Mianzhi Zhang
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alterations in Choline Metabolism in Non-Obese Individuals with Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    Haya Al-Sulaiti, Najeha Anwardeen, Sara S. Bashraheel, Khaled Naja, Mohamed A. Elrayess
    Metabolites.2024; 14(8): 457.     CrossRef
  • Association between oxidative balance score and diabetic kidney disease, low estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study
    Cong Liu, Jiju Yang, Hongdian Li, Yuanyuan Deng, Pengfei He, Jiao Zhang, Mianzhi Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Choline Metabolites and 15-Year Risk of Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort of Adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
    Jessica K. Sprinkles, Anju Lulla, Autumn G. Hullings, Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez, Kevin C. Klatt, David R. Jacobs, Ravi V. Shah, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Annie Green Howard, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Katie A. Meyer
    Diabetes Care.2024; 47(11): 1985.     CrossRef
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia and Disease—Is 10 μmol/L a Suitable New Threshold Limit?
    Giada Marroncini, Serena Martinelli, Sara Menchetti, Francesco Bombardiere, Francesco Saverio Martelli
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(22): 12295.     CrossRef
  • The roles of the gut microbiota, metabolites, and epigenetics in the effects of maternal exercise on offspring metabolism
    Jing Ren, Liyuan Zhou, Shunhua Li, Qian Zhang, Xinhua Xiao
    American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 327(6): E760.     CrossRef
Original Article
Pathophysiology
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Deficiency of ASGR1 Alleviates Diet-Induced Systemic Insulin Resistance via Improved Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
Xiaorui Yu, Jiawang Tao, Yuhang Wu, Yan Chen, Penghui Li, Fan Yang, Miaoxiu Tang, Abdul Sammad, Yu Tao, Yingying Xu, Yin-Xiong Li
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):802-815.   Published online February 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0124
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is the key pathological basis of many metabolic disorders. Lack of asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) decreased the serum lipid levels and reduced the risk of coronary artery disease. However, whether ASGR1 also participates in the regulatory network of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism remains unknown.
Methods
The constructed ASGR1 knockout mice and ASGR1-/- HepG2 cell lines were used to establish the animal model of metabolic syndrome and the IR cell model by high-fat diet (HFD) or drug induction, respectively. Then we evaluated the glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in vivo and in vitro.
Results
ASGR1 deficiency ameliorated systemic IR in mice fed with HFD, evidenced by improved insulin intolerance, serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of IR index, mainly contributed from increased insulin signaling in the liver, but not in muscle or adipose tissues. Meanwhile, the insulin signal transduction was significantly enhanced in ASGR1-/- HepG2 cells. By transcriptome analyses and comparison, those differentially expressed genes between ASGR1 null and wild type were enriched in the insulin signal pathway, particularly in phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling. Notably, ASGR1 deficiency significantly reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Conclusion
The ASGR1 deficiency was consequentially linked with improved hepatic insulin sensitivity under metabolic stress, hepatic IR was the core factor of systemic IR, and overcoming hepatic IR significantly relieved the systemic IR. It suggests that ASGR1 is a potential intervention target for improving systemic IR in metabolic disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Experimental cell models of insulin resistance: overview and appraisal
    Ying Yang, Ting-ting Wang, Hu-ai Xie, Ping Ping Hu, Pan Li
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Brief Report
Genetics
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Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes in People with Mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G Mutation in Korea
Eun Hoo Rho, Sang Ik Baek, Heerah Lee, Moon-Woo Seong, Jong-Hee Chae, Kyong Soo Park, Soo Heon Kwak
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(3):482-486.   Published online February 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0078
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  • 1 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a rare mitochondrial disorder primarily resulting from m.3243A>G mutation. The clinical characteristics of MIDD exhibit significant heterogeneity. Our study aims to delineate these characteristics and determine the potential correlation with m.3243A>G heteroplasmy levels. This retrospective, descriptive study encompassed patients with confirmed m.3243A>G mutation and diabetes mellitus at Seoul National University Hospital. Our cohort comprises 40 patients with MIDD, with a mean age at study enrollment of 33.3±12.9 years and an average % of heteroplasmy of 30.0%± 14.6% in the peripheral blood. The most prevalent comorbidity was hearing loss (90%), followed by albuminuria (61%), seizure (38%), and stroke (33%). We observed a significant negative correlation between % of heteroplasmy and age at diabetes diagnosis. These clinical features can aid in the suspicion of MIDD and further consideration of genetic testing for m.3243A>G mutation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes in People with Mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G Mutation in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2024;48:482-6)
    Eun Hoo Rho, Soo Heon Kwak
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 818.     CrossRef
  • MIDD Patients Should Not Be Confused with MELAS Patients, Even Though Both Carry the m.3243A>G Variant
    Josef Finsterer, Sounira Mehri
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 816.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and Management of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes Syndrome
    Ji-Hoon Na, Young-Mock Lee
    Biomolecules.2024; 14(12): 1524.     CrossRef
Original Article
Basic Research
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Effects Of Exercise Training And Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism In Prediabetes Mice
Samaneh Shirkhani, Sayyed Mohammad Marandi, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani, Seung Kyum Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):771-783.   Published online September 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0265
  • 3,860 View
  • 200 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Since prediabetes is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes, it is important to promote a healthy lifestyle to prevent prediabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of green coffee (GC), chlorogenic acid (CGA) intake, and exercise training (EX) on hepatic lipid metabolism in prediabetes male C57BL/6 mice.
Methods
Forty-nine mice were randomly divided into two groups feeding with a normal diet (n=7) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n=42) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD mice were further divided into six groups (n=7/group): control (pre-D), GC, CGA, EX, GC+EX, and CGA+EX. After additional 10 weeks under the same diet, plasma, and liver samples were obtained.
Results
HFD-induced prediabetes conditions with increases in body weight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were alleviated in all treatment groups. Acsl3, a candidate gene identified through an in silico approach, was lowered in the pre-D group, while treatments partly restored it. HFD induced adverse alterations of de novo lipogenesis- and β oxidation-associated molecules in the liver. However, GC and CGA supplementation and EX reversed or ameliorated these changes. In most cases, GC or CGA supplementation combined with EX has no synergistic effect and the GC group had similar results to the CGA group.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that regular exercise is an effective non-therapeutic approach for prediabetes, and CGA supplementation could be an alternative to partially mimic the beneficial effects of exercise on prediabetes.

Citations

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  • TFEB activator tanshinone IIA and derivatives derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Attenuate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance
    Lulu Zheng, Beiyan Li, Anlei Yuan, Shijie Bi, Harrison Puscher, Chaoqun Liu, Liansheng Qiao, Yanjiang Qiao, Shifeng Wang, Yanling Zhang
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2024; 335: 118662.     CrossRef
  • Research progress on the pharmacological activity and mechanism of chlorogenic acid in alleviating acute kidney injury in sepsis patients
    Renke Sun, Hui Su, Kecheng Zhai, Yangmengna Gao, Shangping Fang
    Perioperative Precision Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Reviews
Basic Research
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Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health
Sung-Min An, Seung-Hee Cho, John C. Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):595-611.   Published online July 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0011
  • 11,046 View
  • 876 Download
  • 30 Web of Science
  • 30 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.

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    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2025; 1871(1): 167536.     CrossRef
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    Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2025; 227: 157.     CrossRef
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    Yea Eun Kang, Ju Hee Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 160.     CrossRef
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    Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Dylan Mastrippolito, Philippe Georgel, Sylviane Muller
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    Grażyna Nowicka
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    Lawrence Fernando, Jing Echesabal-Chen, Murphy Miller, Rhonda Reigers Powell, Terri Bruce, Apurba Paul, Nava Poudyal, Joshua Saliutama, Kristina Parman, Kimberly S. Paul, Alexis Stamatikos
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    Mirosław Kiedrowski
    Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej.2024; 78(1): 82.     CrossRef
  • Inferring the metabolic rate of bone
    Chen Hou, Timothy G. Bromage
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology.2024; 298: 111748.     CrossRef
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    Zhaoyong Liu, Chengbin Guo, Jing Guo, Shan Huang, Peng Du
    MedComm – Future Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Autophagy Alterations in White and Brown Adipose Tissues of Mice Exercised under Different Training Protocols
    Isaac Tamargo-Gómez, Manuel Fernández-Sanjurjo, Helena Codina-Martínez, Cristina Tomás-Zapico, Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez, Benjamín Fernández-García, Álvaro F. Fernández
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    Yasmin Alhamoud, Tuerxunayi Abudumijiti, Junhao Wu, Lu Lu, Minjie Zhao, Xiaohu Luo, Fengqin Feng, Jing Wang
    Trends in Food Science & Technology.2024; 154: 104779.     CrossRef
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    Ping Zhang, Guo Tang, Hongguang Gao, Tianshan Zhang, Sha Yang, Tao Cheng, Rong Yao
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tetiana A. Berezina, Oleksandr O. Berezin, Michael Lichtenauer, Alexander E. Berezin
    Advances in Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of Adipsin as a Biomarker of Beta Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
    Jae-Hyung Park, Thi Nhi Nguyen, Hye Min Shim, Gyeong Im Yu, Eun Yeong Ha, Hochan Cho
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(23): 7351.     CrossRef
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    Alina Delia Popa, Andreea Gherasim, Lavinia Caba, Otilia Niță, Mariana Graur, Laura Mihalache, Lidia Iuliana Arhire
    Metabolites.2024; 14(12): 672.     CrossRef
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Basic Research
Article image
Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation
Shugo Sasaki, Takeshi Miyatsuka
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(2):173-184.   Published online January 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0324
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.

Citations

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  • Investigation of the motif activity of transcription regulators in pancreatic β-like cell subpopulations differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells
    Eric Leclerc, Mikhail Pachkov, Lisa Morisseau, Fumiya Tokito, Cecile Legallais, Rachid Jellali, Masaki Nishikawa, Amar Abderrahmani, Yasuyuki Sakai
    Molecular Omics.2024; 20(10): 654.     CrossRef
  • Newly discovered knowledge pertaining to glucagon and its clinical applications
    Dan Kawamori, Shugo Sasaki
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2023; 14(7): 829.     CrossRef
Complications
Peripheral Neuropathy Phenotyping in Rat Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Uptake of the Neurodiab Guidelines and Identifying Future Directions
Md Jakir Hossain, Michael D. Kendig, Meg E. Letton, Margaret J. Morris, Ria Arnold
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):198-221.   Published online March 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0347
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  • 7 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. While many rat and mouse models of T2DM exist, the phenotyping of DPN has been challenging with inconsistencies across laboratories. To better characterize DPN in rodents, a consensus guideline was published in 2014 to accelerate the translation of preclinical findings. Here we review DPN phenotyping in rat models of T2DM against the ‘Neurodiab’ criteria to identify uptake of the guidelines and discuss how DPN phenotypes differ between models and according to diabetes duration and sex. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 125 studies, categorised as either diet and/or chemically induced models or transgenic/spontaneous models of T2DM. The use of diet and chemically induced T2DM models has exceeded that of transgenic models in recent years, and the introduction of the Neurodiab guidelines has not appreciably increased the number of studies assessing all key DPN endpoints. Combined high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin rat models are the most frequently used and well characterised. Overall, we recommend adherence to Neurodiab guidelines for creating better animal models of DPN to accelerate translation and drug development.

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    Jing Yang, Zhuoying Yu, Ye Jiang, Zixian Zhang, Yue Tian, Jie Cai, Min Wei, Yanhan Lyu, Dongsheng Yang, Shixiong Shen, Guo‐Gang Xing, Min Li
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Original Article
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Sex Differences in the Effects of CDKAL1 Variants on Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park, Young Sun Hong
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):879-889.   Published online February 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0265
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Using long-term data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, we defined poor glycemic control and investigated possible risk factors, including variants related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, we evaluated interaction effects among risk factors for poor glycemic control.
Methods
Among 436 subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes, poor glycemic control was defined based on glycosylated hemoglobin trajectory patterns by group-based trajectory modeling. For the variants related to T2DM, genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated and divided into quartiles. Risk factors for poor glycemic control were assessed using a logistic regression model.
Results
Of the subjects, 43% were in the poor-glycemic-control group. Body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) were associated with poor glycemic control. The risk for poor glycemic control increased by 11.0% per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI and by 3.0% per 10 mg/dL increase in TG. The risk for GRS with poor glycemic control was sex-dependent (Pinteraction=0.07), and a relationship by GRS quartiles was found in females but not in males. Moreover, the interaction effect was found to be significant on both additive and multiplicative scales. The interaction effect was evident in the variants of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like (CDKAL1).
Conclusion
Females with risk alleles of variants in CDKAL1 associated with T2DM had a higher risk for poor glycemic control than males.

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  • Hepatic Cdkal1 deletion regulates HDL catabolism and promotes reverse cholesterol transport
    Dan Bi An, Soo-jin Ann, Seungmin Seok, Yura Kang, Sang-Hak Lee
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Review
Islet Studies and Transplantation
Article image
Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass by Gene-Environment Interaction
Shun-ichiro Asahara, Hiroyuki Inoue, Yoshiaki Kido
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):38-48.   Published online January 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0045
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The main pathogenic mechanism of diabetes consists of an increase in insulin resistance and a decrease in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The number of diabetic patients has been increasing dramatically worldwide, especially in Asian people whose capacity for insulin secretion is inherently lower than that of other ethnic populations. Causally, changes of environmental factors in addition to intrinsic genetic factors have been considered to have an influence on the increased prevalence of diabetes. Particular focus has been placed on “gene-environment interactions” in the development of a reduced pancreatic β-cell mass, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Changes in the intrauterine environment, such as intrauterine growth restriction, contribute to alterations of gene expression in pancreatic β-cells, ultimately resulting in the development of pancreatic β-cell failure and diabetes. As a molecular mechanism underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications have been widely investigated. The association of diabetes susceptibility genes or dietary habits with gene-environment interactions has been reported. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of gene-environment interactions in pancreatic β-cell failure as revealed by previous reports and data from experiments.

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Original Article
Basic Research
DA-1241, a Novel GPR119 Agonist, Improves Hyperglycaemia by Inhibiting Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Enhancing Insulin Secretion in Diabetic Mice
Youjin Kim, Si Woo Lee, Hyejin Wang, Ryeong-Hyeon Kim, Hyun Ki Park, Hangkyu Lee, Eun Seok Kang
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):337-348.   Published online January 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0056
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We investigated the antidiabetic effects of DA-1241, a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 119 agonist, in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
DA-1241 was administrated to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks after hyperglycaemia developed. Oral/intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed. Serum insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured during oral glucose tolerance test. Insulinoma cell line (INS-1E) cells and mouse islets were used to find whether DA-1241 directly stimulate insulin secretion in beta cell. HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the gluconeogenesis and autophagic process. Autophagic flux was evaluated by transfecting microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-fused to green fluorescent protein and monomeric red fluorescent (mRFP-GFP-LC3) expression vector to HepG2 cells.
Results
Although DA-1241 treatment did not affect body weight gain and amount of food intake, fasting blood glucose level decreased along with increase in GLP-1 level. DA-1241 improved only oral glucose tolerance test and showed no effect in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. No significant effect was observed in insulin tolerance test. DA-1241 did not increase insulin secretion in INS-1E cell and mouse islets. DA-1241 reduced triglyceride content in the liver thereby improved fatty liver. Additionally, DA-1241 reduced gluconeogenic enzyme expression in HepG2 cells and mouse liver. DA-1241 reduced autophagic flow in HepG2 cells.
Conclusion
These findings suggested that DA-1241 augmented glucose-dependent insulin release via stimulation of GLP-1 secretion, and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, which might be associated with autophagic blockage, leading to improved glycaemic control.

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