Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Review

Challenges in Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Different Populations: Marian Rewers; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(2):90-97. Published online April 17, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.2.90

5,599 View
58 Download
35 Crossref

Diabetes affects today an estimated 366 million people world-wide, including 20 million to 40 million of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While T1D accounts for 5% to 20% of those with diabetes, it is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and health care cost than the more prevalent type 2 diabetes. Patients with T1D require exogenous insulin for survival and should be identified as soon as possible after diagnosis to avoid high morbidity due to a delay in insulin treatment. It is also important to present to the patient correct prognosis that differs by the type of diabetes. From the research point of view, correct classification should help to identify the etiologies and to develop specific prevention for T1D. This review summarizes evidence that may be helpful in diagnosing T1D in various ethnic groups. Challenges in interpretation of results commonly used to determine the type of diabetes are highlighted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) against diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction: a review
Nazir Ahmad, Kaisun Nesa Lesa, Zullies Ikawati, Nanang Fakhrudin
Food Production, Processing and Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Supporting islet function in a PVDF membrane based macroencapsulation delivery device by solvent non-solvent casting using PVP
Denise F. A. de Bont, Sami G. Mohammed, Rick H. W. de Vries, Omar Paulino da Silva Filho, Vijayaganapathy Vaithilingam, Marlon J. Jetten, Marten A. Engelse, Eelco J. P. de Koning, Aart A. van Apeldoorn, Sabata Martino,
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0298114. CrossRef
Evaluation of Corneal Endothelium and Central Corneal Thickness in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Semra Tiryaki Demir, Ahmet Uçar, Gizem Kara Elitok, Sümeyra Keleş Yeşiltaş, Emine Betül Akbaş Özyürek, Saniye Üke Uzun
Hamidiye Medical Journal.2023; 4(1): 50. CrossRef
Analysis of Corneal and Lens Densitometry Changes in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Yusuf Cem Yilmaz, Serife Ciloglu Hayat, Sefik Can Ipek
American Journal of Ophthalmology.2023; 254: 23. CrossRef
Altered Prevalence of Pulp Diagnoses in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Study
Yandy Gonzalez Marrero, Yoshifumi Kobayashi, Mohammad Saqib Ihsan, Lisa A. Pilch, Liyaa Chen, Shuying Jiang, Yi Ye, Daniel H. Fine, Carla Y. Falcon, Paul A. Falcon, Craig S. Hirschberg, Emi Shimizu
Journal of Endodontics.2022; 48(2): 208. CrossRef
The relationship between GAD65 autoantibody and the risk of T1DM onset
Elham Keshavarzi, Behnoud Baradaran Noveiry, Nima Rezaei
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2022; 21(2): 1935. CrossRef
Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes (Flatbush Diabetes) in Remission: A Report of Two Cases
Beisi Ji, SumathaChannapatna Suresh, Klynt Bally, Kamrun Naher, Mary A Banerji
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of immune cell components and immune-related gene expression profiles in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Jian Lin, Yuanhua Lu, Bizhou Wang, Ping Jiao, Jie Ma
Journal of Translational Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a subgroup of black South Africans with type 1 diabetes who are older at diagnosis but have lower levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen 2 autoantibodies
C. J. Padoa, P. Rheeder, F. J. Pirie, A. A. Motala, J. C. van Dyk, N. J. Crowther
Diabetic Medicine.2020; 37(12): 2067. CrossRef
Evaluation of retinal neurovascular structures by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus without clinical sign of diabetic retinopathy
Semra Tiryaki Demir, Ahmet Ucar, Gizem Kara Elitok, Mehmet Egemen Karatas, Murat Karapapak, Oguz Kaan Kutucu, Saniye Uke Uzun, Dilek Guven
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.2020; 258(11): 2363. CrossRef
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs in Circulating Leukocytes and Their Differential Expression in Type 1 Diabetes Patients
Yihan Liu, Xiaoming Du, Jia Cui, Changlong Li, Meng Guo, Jianyi Lv, Xin Liu, Jingtao Dou, Xiaoyan Du, Hongjuan Fang, Zhenwen Chen, Bernd Stratmann
Journal of Diabetes Research.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Uncommon Presentations of Diabetes: Zebras in the Herd
Karen L. Shidler, Lisa R. Letourneau, Lucia M. Novak
Clinical Diabetes.2020; 38(1): 78. CrossRef
Changes in Retinal Microcirculation Precede the Clinical Onset of Diabetic Retinopathy in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Merve Inanc, Kemal Tekin, Hasan Kiziltoprak, Servan Ozalkak, Sibel Doguizi, Zehra Aycan
American Journal of Ophthalmology.2019; 207: 37. CrossRef
Autoimmune signatures for prediction and diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes in Kuwait
Mohamed Jahromi, Fahd Al-Mulla, Ebaa Al-Ozairi
Autoimmunity Reviews.2019; 18(6): 642. CrossRef
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Islet Autoantibodies Are Tools to Characterize Type 1 Diabetes in Arab Countries: Emphasis on Kuwait
Mohamed Jahromi, Ebaa Al-Ozairi
Disease Markers.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Complete loss of insulin secretion capacity in type 1A diabetes patients during long‐term follow up
Sae Uno, Akihisa Imagawa, Junji Kozawa, Kenji Fukui, Hiromi Iwahashi, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2018; 9(4): 806. CrossRef
Incidence of type 1 diabetes has doubled in Kuwaiti children 0-14 years over the last 20 years
Azza A. Shaltout, Deborah Wake, Thangavel A. Thanaraj, Dina M. Omar, Dalia Al-AbdulRazzaq, Arshad Channanath, Hessa AlKandari, Majedah Abdulrasoul, Sophie Miller, Nicholas Conway, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Lena Davidsson
Pediatric Diabetes.2017; 18(8): 761. CrossRef
Objective Evaluation of Corneal and Lens Clarity in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Kemal Tekin, Merve Inanc, Erdal Kurnaz, Elvan Bayramoglu, Emre Aydemir, Mustafa Koc, Zehra Aycan
American Journal of Ophthalmology.2017; 179: 190. CrossRef
Differential association of body mass index on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes
Eun Young Lee, Yong‐ho Lee, Sang‐Man Jin, Hae Kyung Yang, Chang Hee Jung, Cheol‐Young Park, Jae Hyoung Cho, Woo Je Lee, Byung‐Wan Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Progress and challenges in macroencapsulation approaches for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment: Cells, biomaterials, and devices
Shang Song, Shuvo Roy
Biotechnology and Bioengineering.2016; 113(7): 1381. CrossRef
Covariation of the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes with Country Characteristics Available in Public Databases
Paula Andrea Diaz-Valencia, Pierre Bougnères, Alain-Jacques Valleron
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(2): e0118298. CrossRef
Glycated albumin and the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes
Hye-jin Yoon, Yong-ho Lee, So Ra Kim, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Eun Young Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Byung-Wan Lee
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus during reproductive system development
Lubov I. Kolesnikova, Marina A. Darenskaya, Natalia V. Semenova, Lyudmila A. Grebenkina, Larisa V. Suturina, Marya I. Dolgikh, Svetlana V. Gnusina
Medicina.2015; 51(2): 107. CrossRef
Diagnostic criteria for acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012): Report of the Committee of Japan Diabetes Society on the Research of Fulminant and Acute‐onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Eiji Kawasaki, Taro Maruyama, Akihisa Imagawa, Takuya Awata, Hiroshi Ikegami, Yasuko Uchigata, Haruhiko Osawa, Yumiko Kawabata, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Akira Shimada, Ikki Shimizu, Kazuma Takahashi, Masao Nagata, Hideichi Makino, Toshiaki Hanafusa
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2014; 5(1): 115. CrossRef
The Glycated Albumin to Glycated Hemoglobin Ratio Might Not Be Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Wonjin Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(6): 456. CrossRef
Diabetes mellitus associada à desnutrição proteica: realidade ou ficção?
Ana Rita Caldas, André Couto Carvalho, Anabela Giestas, Marta Almeida Ferreira, Cláudia Amaral, Cláudia Freitas, Maria Helena Cardoso
Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo.2014; 9(1): 79. CrossRef
Diagnostic criteria for acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012)
Eiji Kawasaki, Taro Maruyama, Akihisa Imagawa, Takuya Awata, Hiroshi Ikegami, Yasuko Uchigata, Haruhiko Osawa, Yumiko Kawabata, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Akira Shimada, Ikki Shimizu, Kazuma Takahashi, Masao Nagata, Hideichi Makino, Toshiaki Hanafusa
Diabetology International.2013; 4(4): 221. CrossRef
Phenylmethimazole Suppresses dsRNA-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Murine Pancreatic Beta Cells and Blocks Viral Acceleration of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice
Kelly McCall, Martin Schmerr, Jean Thuma, Calvin James, Maria Courreges, Fabian Benencia, Ramiro Malgor, Frank Schwartz
Molecules.2013; 18(4): 3841. CrossRef
Variation of C peptide decay rate in diabetic patients with positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody: better discrimination with initial fasting C peptide
Xia Li, Gan Huang, Jian Lin, Lin Yang, Zhiguang Zhou
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
The Emerging Global Epidemic of Type 1 Diabetes
Jaakko Tuomilehto
Current Diabetes Reports.2013; 13(6): 795. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and insulin independence of Koreans with new‐onset type 2 diabetes presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis
H. Seok, C. H. Jung, S. W. Kim, M. J. Lee, W. J. Lee, J. H. Kim, B‐W. Lee
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2013; 29(6): 507. CrossRef
Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: a review
S. M. F. Lima, D. C. Grisi, E. M. Kogawa, O. L. Franco, V. C. Peixoto, J. F. Gonçalves‐Júnior, M. P. Arruda, T. M. B. Rezende
International Endodontic Journal.2013; 46(8): 700. CrossRef
UM OLHAR SOBRE O DIABETES NA INFÂNCIA E NA JUVENTUDE: NEM TODOS SÃO TIPO 1
Mauren Isfer ANGHEBEM-OLIVEIRA
Infarma - Ciências Farmacêuticas.2013; 25(4): 206. CrossRef
Proteome‐base biomarkers in diabetes mellitus: Progress on biofluids' protein profiling using mass spectrometry
Ana Isabel Padrão, Rita Ferreira, Rui Vitorino, Francisco Amado
PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications.2012; 6(9-10): 447. CrossRef
Diabetes mellitus: formas de presentación clínica y diagnóstico diferencial de la hiperglucemia en la infancia y adolescencia
Ó. Rubio Cabezas, J. Argente
Anales de Pediatría.2012; 77(5): 344.e1. CrossRef

Original Article

The Classification of Diabetic Patients Presenting Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Characteristics of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes.: Eun Hee Jang, Jeong Eun Yi, Seung Jae Lee, Sang Hoon Chun, Ki Hyun Baek, Ki Ho Song, Soon Jib Yoo, Jong Min Lee, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwang Woo Lee, Mee Kyung Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(5):428-434. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.5.428

3,318 View
67 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to classify newly diagnosed diabetic patients who initially presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) into specific types of diabetes and to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with fulminant type 1 DM in Korea. METHODS: Using data from 4 hospitals of CMC from 1 January 1999 to 1 March 2008, we identified all patients who manifested DKA when they were first diagnosed as diabetes. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed from medical records. RESULTS: We identified 51 newly diagnosed diabetic patients manifested DKA. Among them, 14 (27.4%) patients were classified as autoimmune type 1 DM, 8 (15.7%) as antibody negative type 1 DM, 5 (9.8%) as fulminant type 1, 16 (31.4%) as type 2 DM and 8 (15.7%) as secondary DM. Five patients who fulfilled the criteria of fulminant type 1 DM were older (32.2 +/- 10.7 vs. 15.7 +/- 4.4 years, P = 0.010), had shorter duration of symptoms (4.2 +/- 2.7 vs.16.7 +/- 15.2 days, P = 0.014) and lower stimulated C-peptide levels (0.1 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, P = 0.050) compared with patients with autoimmune type 1 DM. CONCLUSION Newly diagnosed diabetic patients presenting with DKA composed of heterogenous types of diabetes. The prevalence of fulminant type 1 diabetes among them was 9.8% and the clinical and biochemical characteristics of these patients were different from those of autoimmune type 1 DM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Case of Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Child with Type 2 Diabetes
Jaesung Yu, Hyunju Jin, Joontae Ko, Hoseok Kang
Journal of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology.2011; 16(1): 46. CrossRef
A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Ischemic Ileitis
Se-Won Oh, Ju-Ri Park, Yun-Jeong Lee, Hee-Yeong Kim, Ji-A Seo, Nan-Hee Kim, Kyung-Mook Choi, Sei-Hyun Baik, Dong-Seop Choi, Sin-Gon Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(2): 116. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes with Pulmonary Hypertension.: Do Hyeong Kim, Mi Kyoung Kim, Jun Hoon Jung, Na Rae Kim, Dong Hyeon Rho, Jong Sun Park, Chang Hun Lee, Yoon Sung Cho, Tae Woo Kim, Kyung Il Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(5):444-450. Published online September 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.5.444

2,430 View
22 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. Cardiopulmonary disorders are rarely observed around the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 51-year-old woman suffering from nausea and vomiting was transferred to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated that she had severe pulmonary hypertension and minimal pericardial effusion. In a week, pulmonary hypertension improved to mild degree without specific treatment. Acute myocarditis was suspected based upon flulike symptoms, nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities, minimal pericardial effusion and asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension. We considered it worthwhile reporting this case because fulminant type 1 diabetes with acute myocarditis has never been published yet.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Ischemic Ileitis
Se-Won Oh, Ju-Ri Park, Yun-Jeong Lee, Hee-Yeong Kim, Ji-A Seo, Nan-Hee Kim, Kyung-Mook Choi, Sei-Hyun Baik, Dong-Seop Choi, Sin-Gon Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(2): 116. CrossRef

Two Cases of Autoantibody Negative Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.: Hwa Young Cho, Young Min Cho, Myoung Hee Park, Mi Yeon Kang, Ki Hwan Kim, Yun Hyi Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(4):372-376. Published online July 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.4.372

2,651 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: Autoantibody negative fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by a remarkably abrupt onset, metabolic derangement such as diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, low HbA1c level at onset and a negative islet-related autoantibodies. The prevalence of fulminant type 1 diabetes has large difference between Japan and other countries. The precise reason for this regional variation remains to be clarified. One of the possible explanations is genetic background such as genotype of class II HLA molecule. In addition, environment factors including viral infection are suggested as possible pathogenesis of the disease. Only a few cases with fulminant type 1 diabetes have been reported outside Japan, and most of these cases with definite diagnosis have been reported in Korea. We report here on two Korean patients that met the criteria for diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes in accordance with their HLA genotypes.

Two Cases of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes.: Yu Min Lee, Kyoung Hee Kweon, Seoung Hoon Baek, Ha Young Kim, Byoung Hyun Park, Chung Gu Cho; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(4):378-382. Published online July 1, 2005

1,211 View
20 Download

Abstract PDF: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency due to destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Patients with type 1 diabetes, with no islet autoantibodies, but with acute onset, are classified as having idiopathic of type 1B diabetes. In 2000, this diabetes subtype was described and named "fulminant type 1 diabetes". The clinical characteristics of this subtype of type 1 diabetes are: a remarkably abrupt onset of disease, very short(<1 week) duration of diabetic symptoms, acidosis at diagnosis, negative status of islet-related autoantibodies, virtually no C-peptide secretion(<10 microgram/day in urine), a near normal HbA1c level and an elevated serum pancreatic enzyme level. Since 1988, several cases showing the clinical characteristics of fulminant type diabetes have been reported, with this subtype accounting for approximately 20% of Japanese type 1 diabetes. There have been few cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes in Korea. Herein, our experience of two cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes is reported, with a review of the literature.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search