Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Min Hwa Suk, Yeo-Jin Moon, Sung Woo Park, Cheol-Young Park, Yun A Shin; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(4):328-334. Published online July 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.328

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Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate exercise intensity associated with maximum fat oxidation, improvement of body composition, and metabolic status in Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The study included a T2DM group (12 women) and a control group (12 women). The groups were matched in age and body mass index. The subjects performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure their maximal fat oxidation (Fat_max). We also measured their body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Results

The exercise intensity for Fat_max was significantly lower in the T2DM group (34.19% maximal oxygen uptake [VO₂ max]) than the control group (51.80% VO₂ max). Additionally, the rate of fat oxidation during exercise (P<0.05) and mtDNA (P<0.05) were significantly lower in the T2DM group than the control group. The VO₂ max level (P<0.001) and the insulin level (P<0.05) were positively correlated with the rate of fat oxidation.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest lower exercise intensity that achieves Fat_max is recommended for improving fat oxidation and enhancing fitness levels in Korean women with T2DM. Our data could be useful when considering an exercise regimen to improve health and fitness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Type 2 diabetes mellitus’ impact on heart failure patients’ exercise tolerance: a focus on maximal fat oxidation during exercise
Huiying Zhu, Jianchao Pan, Jianxuan Wen, Xiaojing Dang, Xiankun Chen, Yunxiang Fan, Weihui Lu, Wei Jiang
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Toward Exercise Guidelines for Optimizing Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Isaac A. Chávez-Guevara, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez, Jean Frederic Brun
Sports Medicine.2023; 53(12): 2399. CrossRef
Cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Aline Chagastelles Pinto de Macedo, Camila Wohlgemuth Schaan, Patricia Martins Bock, Mariana Brutto de Pinto, Cintia Ehlers Botton, Daniel Umpierre, Beatriz D. Schaan
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Inclusion of sprints during moderate-intensity continuous exercise enhances post-exercise fat oxidation in young males
Bruno Nicanor Mello-Silva, Gabriel Völz Protzen, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.2022; 47(2): 165. CrossRef
Resting and exercise metabolic characteristics in obese children with insulin resistance
Cao Youxiang, Zhu Lin, Chen Zekai, Xie Weijun
Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise‐Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men
Shaea Alkahtani, Osama Aljuhani, Nasser Alkhalidi, Naif Almasuod, Omar Hezam, Ibrahim Aljaloud, Haitham Abdel Hamid Dawoud, Ahmed Abdusalam, Danilo Sales Bocalini
BioMed Research International.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males
Victoria J. McIver, Lewis R. Mattin, Gethin H. Evans, Adora M.W. Yau
Appetite.2019; 143: 104411. CrossRef
Myokine/Adipokine Response to “Aerobic” Exercise: Is It Just a Matter of Exercise Load?
Zihong He, Ye Tian, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Chuanye Huang, Jiexiu Zhao, Ping Hong, Zilin He, Shuhui Yin, Alejandro Lucia
Frontiers in Physiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Exercise as ‘precision medicine’ for insulin resistance and its progression to type 2 diabetes: a research review
Fred J. DiMenna, Avigdor D. Arad
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
High-intensity aerobic interval training improves aerobic fitness and HbA1c among persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
Eva Maria Støa, Sondre Meling, Lill-Katrin Nyhus, Glenn Strømstad, Karl Magnus Mangerud, Jan Helgerud, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Øyvind Støren
European Journal of Applied Physiology.2017; 117(3): 455. CrossRef

Anti-obesity Effects of alpha-lipoic Acid in OLETF Rats.: Kee Ho Song, Ji Young Youn, Chul Nam Koong, Min Jeong Shin, Jae Won Ryu, Hye Sun Park, Min Seon Kim, Joong Youl Park, Ki Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(6):460-468. Published online December 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Obesity is closely related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. While the prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing in most parts of the world, its effective treatment is not available due to the limited efficacy, and the side effects, of anti-obesity drugs. We unexpectedly found that administration of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) resulted in a significant reduction in the body weight of rodents. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of ALA in the obese diabetic models of Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima (OLETF) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten weeks old male OLETF rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (n=6 per group): 1) the control group, fed with normal rat chow 2) the ALA group, fed with rat chow containing ALA (0.5% of food weight) and 3) the pair-fed group, fed with normal rat chow, but given the same amount of food as consumed by the ALA group. The body weight and food intakes were monitored for 3 weeks. At the end of the study, abdominal CT scans were performed to measure the visceral fat content. The energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were measured on days 3, 9 and 21 using an indirect calorimeter. The expression of the uncoupling protein-1 mRNA in the white and brown adipose tissues were determined by Northern blot analyses. The oxidation of fatty acids in the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue was also measured. RESULTS: The administration of ALA induced a significant weight loss and reduction in food intake throughout the study period. The weight loss in the ALA group was greater than in the pair-fed group (p<0.05), suggesting an enhanced energy metabolism in the ALA group. In the ALA treated animals, the energy expenditure was significantly increased together with an elevated expression of UCP-1 mRNA in the brown, and an ectopic expression of UCP-1 mRNA in the white adipose tissues. The oxidation of fat in the brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was also increased after the ALA treatment, which was in line with the reduced respiratory quotient in the ALA group. The abdominal CT scan revealed a reduction in the visceral fat content in the ALA group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated, for the first time, a novel anti-obesity action of ALA in obese OLETF rats, which proceeds through at least three different mechanisms: 1) reduction in food intake, 2) increase in energy expenditure and 3) enhancement of fat oxidation.

Association between FABP2 Gene Polymorphism and Energy Metabolism in Normal Korean.: Seog Ki Yun, Chul Hee Kim, Young Sun Kim, Dong Won Byun, Kyo Il Suh, Myung Hi Yoo, Guk Bae Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(4):457-466. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) locus has been proprosed to be a major candidate gene in determining insulin resistance. It has been hypothesized that alanine to threonine substitution at codon 54 (Ala54Thr) of the FABP2 gene may result in enhanced intestinal uptake of fatty acids, and thereby an impairment of insulin action. FABP2 polymorphism was recently shown to be associated with insulin resistance in several populations including Mexican-Americans, Pima Indians, and Japanese, but not associated in the English, Wales, and Finn. METHODS: We investigated the association ot the FABP2 gene polymorphism and insulin resistance, fat absorption, and body fuel metabolism in 96 normal Korean men aged between 21 and 36 years. RESULTS: In normal Koreans, the alanine-encoding allele frequency was 0.66 and threonine encoding allele frequency was 0.34. Subjects with threonine-encoding allele were found to have a higher mean fasting plasma insulin concentration, a higher insulin resistance index, and a higher basal fat oxidation rate compared with subjects who were homozygous for the alanine-encoding allele. CONCLUSION: These results show that the Ala54Thr substitution in the FABP2 gene is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance in normal Korean men.

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