Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Low Economic Status Is Identified as an Emerging Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Men Aged 30 to 59 Years in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2010: Bo Kyung Koo, Sang Wan Kim, Ka Hee Yi, Min Kyong Moon; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):137-146. Published online March 11, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.137

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Background

We compared the association between economic status and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) using large nationwide datasets covering the previous 10 years in Korea.

Methods

We analyzed the association between economic status and DM using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2001 to 2010 weighted to represent the Korean population between 30 and 59 years of age. The economic status of participants was classified into quartiles according to monthly family income with an equivalence scale.

Results

In men, the prevalence of diabetes in the lowest income quartile (Q1) was significantly higher than that in the other quartiles in 2008 (age and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.846; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.126 to 3.027; P=0.015), 2009 (OR, 1.706; 95% CI, 1.094 to 2.661; P=0.019), and 2010 (OR, 1.560; 95% CI, 1.024 to 2.377; P=0.039) but not in 2001 or 2005. The data indicated that classification in the lowest economic status was an independent risk factor for diabetes even after adjusting for abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and education level in men of KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Although economic status was significantly associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in women (P<0.001), there was no significant association between economic status and DM in women.

Conclusion

Korean men between 30 and 59 years of age with the lowest economic status had a significantly higher prevalence of DM in 2008 to 2010 even after adjusting for other risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Income-Related Disparities in Mortality Among Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Ji Yoon Kim, Sojeong Park, Minae Park, Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim
JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(11): e2443918. CrossRef
Muscle strength, an independent determinant of glycemic control in older adults with long-standing type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Bo Kyung Koo, Seoil Moon, Min Kyong Moon
BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2019: Prevalence of Obesity and Abdominal Obesity from 2009 to 2018 and Social Factors
Ga Eun Nam, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Eun-Jung Rhee, Seong-Su Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, Won-Young Lee
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2020; 29(2): 124. CrossRef
Letter: Projection of Diabetes Prevalence in Korean Adults for the Year 2030 Using Risk Factors Identified from National Data (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:90–6)
Bo Kyung Koo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(2): 242. CrossRef
Lower Leg Fat Depots Are Associated with Albuminuria Independently of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Metabolic Syndrome (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008 to 2011)
Eugene Han, Nan Hee Cho, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 461. CrossRef
The Differential Association between Muscle Strength and Diabetes Mellitus According to the Presence or Absence of Obesity
Bo Kyung Koo
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2019; 28(1): 46. CrossRef
Association of hearing impairment with insulin resistance, β–cell dysfunction and impaired fasting glucose before onset of diabetes
M. Seo, Y.‐S. Lee, S.‐S. Moon
Diabetic Medicine.2016; 33(9): 1275. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis (DRAD) in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult (LADA)
Mats Martinell, Mozhgan Dorkhan, Jan Stålhammar, Petter Storm, Leif Groop, Carin Gustavsson
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2016; 30(8): 1456. CrossRef
Are We in the Same Risk of Diabetes Mellitus? Gender- and Age-Specific Epidemiology of Diabetes in 2001 to 2014 in the Korean Population
Bo Kyung Koo, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 175. CrossRef
Relative and combined effects of socioeconomic status and diabetes on mortality
Nam Hoon Kim, Tae Joon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Yousung Park, Sin Gon Kim
Medicine.2016; 95(30): e4403. CrossRef
Assessment of Lifestyle Risk Factors in Female Citizens of Saudi-Arabia with Type 2 Diabetes: Dietary Factors and Physical Activity
Hans Hauner
Journal of Diabetes, Metabolic Disorders & Control.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Association of Educational Level and Socioeconomic Status with Glucose Metabolism.: Young Sil Eom, Sun Mee Yang, Pyung Chun Oh, Jung Hyun Lee, Ki Young Lee, Yeun Sun Kim, Sihoon Lee, Jung Soo Im, Jun Yim, Dae Kyu Oh, Moon Suk Nam, Ie Byung Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(4):377-385. Published online August 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.4.377

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35 Download
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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The objective of the present study was to examine the association of educational level and socioeconomic status with glucose metabolism including prediabetes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study subjects were 882 (mean age: 51.0 +/- 13.4 years, M:F = 241:641) without diabetes, aged more than 20 years and residing in Whasu 2 dong in Incheon. We classified them into three levels according to their educational level: primary (illiterate or up to elementary school), secondary (middle school or high school) and tertiary (university), and into three levels according to their socioeconomic status by self reported questionnaire: low, middle and high. Subjects were diagnosed as three groups (normal, prediabetes and diabetes) by American Diabetes Association criteria using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The association of educational level and socioeconomic status with glucose metabolism was analyzed. RESULTS: The number of normal group was 300 (34.0%), that of prediabetes was 470 (53.3%) and that of diabetes was 112 (12.7%). In women, the proportion of primary educational group was larger than that of secondary educational group in diabetes (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-3.51) and larger than that of tertiary educational group in prediabetes ([OR] = 2.00; [CI]: 1.06-3.78). But socioeconomic status did not have the statistical association with glucose metabolism in women. Also both educational level and socioeconomic status had no statistical association with glucose metabolism in men. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of low educational level is larger in prediabetes and diabetes compared with normal group in women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

How do life-course trajectories of socioeconomic position affect quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Hye Ah Lee, Ko Eun Lee, Yool Won Jeong, Jaeseon Ryu, Minkyung Kim, Jung Won Min, Young Sun Hong, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Hyesook Park
Quality of Life Research.2014; 23(4): 1337. CrossRef

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