Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Clinical Characteristics and Direct Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Eun Joon Moon, Young Eun Jo, Tae Chin Park, Yun Kyung Kim, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Yoon Sok Chung, Kwan Woo Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(4):358-365. Published online August 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.4.358

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BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an expensive chronic metabolic disorder and its prevalence has been increasing rapidly in South Korea, owing to a westernized lifestyle. We analyzed the annual direct medical costs attributable to type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications in Korea retrospectively. METHODS: We randomly selected 1,051 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital as an outpatient in 2005. Clinical characteristics, duration of diabetes, and microvascular and macrovascular complications were assessed from a medical chart review. The annual direct medical costs included insurance covered and uncovered medical costs. RESULTS: Of the 1,051 patients with type 2 diabetes, 48.2% had at least one microvascular complication, 5.6% had at least one macrovascular complication, and 12.4% of the patients had both microvascular and macrovascular complications. The average annual direct medical cost was found to be 3,348,488won per patient. In patients with microvascular complications, the total cost of management was increased 1.4 times compared to those without complications. Direct medical costs for patients with macrovascular complications were 2.1-fold as high as patients with no complications. Those patients with both microvascular and macrovascular complications, increased costs by 3.1-fold over those without complications. CONCLUSION: Chronic complications have a substantial impact on the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes. The prevention of chronic diabetic complications will not only influence the mortality and morbidity of patients with type 2 diabetes, but also potentially reduce medical costs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Importance of family history of diabetes in computing a diabetes risk score in Korean prediabetic population
Morena Ustulin, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Kyu Keung Ahn, Ji Eun Lim, Bermseok Oh, Sung-Hoon Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Moon Suk Nam, Kwan Woo Lee, Young Seol Kim, Jeong-Taek Woo
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Features of Long-Standing Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study Based on Standardized Clinical Data
Sejeong Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Su Jin Jeong, Kiyoung Kim, Suk Chon, Seung-Young Yu, Jeong-Taek Woo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 393. CrossRef
Association between Sleep Duration and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Korean Adults: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012
Cho-Rong Kim, Yun-Mi Song, Jin-Young Shin, Wook Gim
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2016; 37(1): 51. CrossRef
Trends in the Diabetes Epidemic in Korea
Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(2): 142. CrossRef
Economic Evaluation of Diabetes Education
Jin-Won Noh, Young Dae Kwon, Jin-Hee Jung, Kang Hee Sim, Hee-Sook Kim, Minjae Choi, Jumin Park
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(4): 293. CrossRef
Association between diabetes-related factors and clinical periodontal parameters in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Eun-Kyong Kim, Sang Gyu Lee, Youn-Hee Choi, Kyu-Chang Won, Jun Sung Moon, Anwar T Merchant, Hee-Kyung Lee
BMC Oral Health.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytoprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract from Maesil (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) on Alloxan-induced Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic-cell, HIT-T15
In-Hye Kim, Jong-Bae Kim, Kang-Jin Cho, Jae-Hyun Kim, Ae-Son Om
Korean Journal of Plant Resources.2012; 25(2): 184. CrossRef
The Protective Effects of Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum Extract on HIT-T15 Pancreatic β-Cells against Alloxan-induced Oxidative Stress
In-Hye Kim, Kang-Jin Cho, Jeong-Sook Ko, Jae-Hyun Kim, Ae-Son Om
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2012; 25(1): 123. CrossRef
Outcome Research in Diabetes
Kwan Woo Lee
Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(1): 2. CrossRef
Costs of Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
Kwan Woo Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(6): 567. CrossRef
The Epidemiology of Diabetes in Korea
Dae Jung Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(4): 303. CrossRef
The Hypoglycemic Effect of Complex of Chinese Traditional Herbs (CTH) and Macelignan in Type 2 Diabetic Animal Model

Journal of Life Science.2010; 20(7): 1113. CrossRef
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Current Status of Diabetic Patients Using Korean Health Insurance Database
Ie Byung Park, Sei Hyun Baik
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(5): 357. CrossRef
Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Low-income Rural Patients
Hye-Yeon Kim, Woo-Jun Yun, Min-Ho Shin, Sun-Seong Kweon, Hye-Ran Ahn, Seong-Woo Choi, Young-Hoon Lee, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Jung-Ae Rhee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(5): 315. CrossRef
Prevalence of Pancreatic Cancer in Diabetics and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes-associated with Pancreatic Cancer - Comparison between Diabetes with and without Pancreatic Cancer -
Seung Goun Hong, Jae Seon Kim, Sung Joo Jung, Moon Kyung Joo, Beom Jae Lee, Jong Eun Yeon, Jong-Jae Park, Kwan Soo Byun, Young-Tae Bak
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2009; 54(3): 167. CrossRef

Direct Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Tertiary Hospital.: Joo An Hwang, Tae Chin Park, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, So Hun Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Tae Hyun Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwan Woo Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):259-268. Published online June 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.259

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39 Download
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common, chronic and costly disease. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Diabetes has big economic burden mainly because of its chronic complications. We analyzed the annual direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients, including the costs associated with its complications in Korea retrospectively. METHODS: We enrolled 531 type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated in the 3 Tertiary Hospital in 2005. Clinical characteristics, duration of diabetes, modality of glycemic control, and presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications were assessed by the review of medical records. The annual direct medical costs were assessed using the hospital electronic database and included insurance covered and uncovered medical costs. RESULTS: The annual direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients without any complications was 1,184,563 won (95% CI for mean: 973,006~1,396,121 won). Compared to diabetic patients without complications, annual total medical costs increased 4.7-fold, 10.7-fold, and 8.8-fold in patients with microvascular complications, macrovascular complications and both complications, respectively. Hospitalization costs largely increased by 78.7-fold and 61.0-fold in patients with macrovascular complications and both complications, respectively. Major complications to increase medical costs were kidney transplantation (23.1-fold), dialysis (21.0-fold), PTCA or CABG (12.4-fold), and leg amputation (11.8-fold). The total medical costs dramatically increased according to the stage of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. CONCLUSION: Diabetic complications have a substantial impact on the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients. The prevention of diabetic complications will benefit the patients as well as the overall healthcare expenditures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Effects of Co‐administration of Sulfonylureas and Antimicrobial Drugs on Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using a Case‐Crossover Design
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