Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

The Relation of Carotid Arterial Plaque to Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Seung Hyun Lee, Chi Young Moon, Jeong Ki Choi, Kyoung Deok Shin, Hyun Kag Kim, Wan Hee Yoo, Tae Sun Park, Hong Sun Baek, Dal Sik Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(5):678-685. Published online January 1, 2001

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Apolipoproiein (Apo E) is one of the major proteins involved in catabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Apo E poly-morphism contributes to the variation in plasma cholesterol levels and may influence the risk of atherosclerosis. This study was undertaken to know whether apo E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery intima, media thickness and plaque formation in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We determined the apo E genotypes of 130 type 2 diabetic patients by modified Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) and classified all patients into E2, E3, E4 subgroups. The carotid artery IMT and plaque formation were determined with B-mode ultrasonography. RESULT: The apo E allele frequency of patients were E2 11.5%, E3 76.2%, FA 12.3% (p=0.0001). LDL-cholesterol levels were higher in patients with E4 allele, and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in patients with FA allele than in patients with E2, E3 subgroups. The patients with carotid artery plaque have more E4 alleles in comparison to the patients without it(p=0.0001). FA allele group has higher carotid IMT than E2 and E3 allele groups (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Apo E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery IMT and plaque formation in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with E4 isoform is more likely to develop the atherosclerosis, carotid and coronary artery diseases than other apo E isoforms.

Relationship between Carotid Artery Plaque Measured by Ultrasound and Cerebral infarction in Patients with Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes.: Kil Hong Rhee, Sang In Choi, Seung Ok Lee, Cheol Su Lim, Tae Sun Park, Hong Sun Baek; Korean Diabetes J. 1997;21(4):469-475. Published online January 1, 2001

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The frequency of cerebral infarction is significantly increased in diabetic patients. Early detection of artherosclerotic lesions will be a useful to predict and delay the occurence of cerebral infarction in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between extracranial carotid artery plaque and cerebral infarction in NIDDM patients, who have cerebral infarction or not, using non-invasive B-mode ultrasonography. METHODS: Ultrasound high resolution B-mode imaging of carotid arteries was conducted on cerebral infaretion patients with NIDDM and non cerebral infaretion patients with NIDDM to determine the presence of the carotid artery plaque. RESULTS: The incidence rate of cerebral infarction was increased in relation to extracranial carotid artery plaquie existence. The exeistence of carotid artery plaque was higher in NIDDM patients with cerebral infarction than without cerebral infarction(p<01050). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that development of cerebral infarction in NIDDM patients, who had carotid plaque, was 2.8 fold higher than NIDDM patients who had not carotid plaque(p<0.05), Conclusions: Existence of carotid plaque was closely related to cerebral infarction. Therefore, early detection of extraeranial carotid plaque by B-mode ultrasonography is very useful in predicting cerebral mfarction in NIDDM patients.

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