Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects Aged 65 or Over.: You Jin Lee, Hak Chul Jang, Eun Hye Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Seok Bum Lee, Sung Hee Choi, Soo Lim, Kyoung Un Park, Young Joo Park, Ki Woong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):30-37. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.1.30

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BACKGROUND
Increased prevalence of diabetes in recent years is linked with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism is well known to be related to hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, but only a few studies investigated the association between apo E polymorphism and diabetes or insulin resistance. In Korea, two studies with relatively small subjects reported controversial results. Therefore, we investigated the association between apo E polymorphism and diabetes in elderly community population. METHODS: 982 elderly people aged 65 or over in Seongnam city were enrolled. We measured anthropometric variables and blood pressure and performed biochemical tests including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and lipid profiles. Apo E polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: Frequencies of apo E isoforms and alleles were similar to those of other reports. Subjects with e4 allele had significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol levels. However, there were no differences in cholesterol levels between normal subjects and diabetes. Diabetes was not related to apo E polymorphism. CONCLUSION: In Korean aged 65 or over, subjects with diabetes didn't have increased total or LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. Diabetes and apo E polymorphism were not related.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of APOE genotype with lipid profiles and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Korean population
Jung Yeon Seo, Byeong Ju Youn, Hyun Sub Cheong, Hyoung Doo Shin
Genes & Genomics.2021; 43(7): 725. CrossRef
Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Diabetes in Older Adults
Hak Chul Jang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 182. CrossRef

Apolipoprotein E Genetic Polymorphism and Diabetic Microangiopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Jong Suk Park, Joo Young Nam, Chul Sik Kim, Dol Mi Kim, Min Ho Cho, Jina Park, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(6):511-520. Published online December 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The pathophysiological causes for the development and progression of diabetic microangiopathy are not well known, but the apo E genetic polymorphism has been proposed to be involved in the disease's development and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the apo E genetic polymorphism and diabetic microangiopathy in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: One hundred eighteen patients with type 2 diabetes who had a duration of diabetes longer than 8 years were divided into the three apo E groups (the E2, E3 and E4 groups). The plasma levels of lipids were measured. The frequency of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy were compared among the three apo E genotype groups. RESULTS: The frequency of overt nephropathy was significantly greater for the apo E2 patients with diabetes (46.7%) than for the apo E3 (16.7%) or apo E4 patients (10.5%). Logistical regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of the apo E2 and apo E4 genotypes for the presence of overt nephropathy were 4.779 (P < 0.01) and 0.643 (P = 0.583), respectively. Plasma TG levels were significantly greater for the apo E2 patients. This study did not find any association between diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and apo E polymorphism. CONCLUSION: Apo E2 is a positive risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. TG may have an important role in diabetic nephropathy.

The Relation of Carotid Arterial Plaque to Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Seung Hyun Lee, Chi Young Moon, Jeong Ki Choi, Kyoung Deok Shin, Hyun Kag Kim, Wan Hee Yoo, Tae Sun Park, Hong Sun Baek, Dal Sik Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(5):678-685. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Apolipoproiein (Apo E) is one of the major proteins involved in catabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Apo E poly-morphism contributes to the variation in plasma cholesterol levels and may influence the risk of atherosclerosis. This study was undertaken to know whether apo E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery intima, media thickness and plaque formation in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We determined the apo E genotypes of 130 type 2 diabetic patients by modified Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) and classified all patients into E2, E3, E4 subgroups. The carotid artery IMT and plaque formation were determined with B-mode ultrasonography. RESULT: The apo E allele frequency of patients were E2 11.5%, E3 76.2%, FA 12.3% (p=0.0001). LDL-cholesterol levels were higher in patients with E4 allele, and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in patients with FA allele than in patients with E2, E3 subgroups. The patients with carotid artery plaque have more E4 alleles in comparison to the patients without it(p=0.0001). FA allele group has higher carotid IMT than E2 and E3 allele groups (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Apo E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery IMT and plaque formation in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with E4 isoform is more likely to develop the atherosclerosis, carotid and coronary artery diseases than other apo E isoforms.

The Relationship between Apolipoprotein E Phenotypes, Serum Lipid Metabolism, and Oxidative Stress in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Soo Bong Choi, Sun Min Park; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(2):182-192. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not known, but one of the causes may be the reduction of insulin secretion through the fibrosis formed with amyloid deposits in pancreatic beta cells. Amyloidogenesis in hippocampus is a characteristic feature in Alzheimers disease. Possession of the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E 4 allele (E4/2, FA/3 or E4/4) is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimers disease. However, it is controversial that Apo E polymophsim is associated with the etiopathology of type 2 DM. Both Alzheimers disease and type 2 DM has increased oxidative stress, which may be related to the formation of fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of Apo E phenotypes in type 2 diabetic subjects and healthy subjects, and to determine whether Apo E phenotypes influenced serum lipid profiles and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of red blood cells in type 2 DM and healthy subjects. METHODS: Overnight fasting blood was collected from 84 type 2 diabetic patients and 85 healthy subjects. Apo E phenotypes was determined by the isoelectrofocusing method. Serum lipid profiles and supetoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activ'ities of red blood cells (RBC) were measured. RESULTS: The frequency of Apo E 4 in the type 2 DM was higher than that in the control group (p<0,05). The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the type 2 DM were overall higher than in healthy subjects. Serum lipid profiles were not affected by Apo E phenotypes in healthy subjects. However, semm total cholesterol levels of type 2 diab diabetic patients with Apo E3/3 were signifcantly lower than those with Apo FA/3 (p<0.05), but serum HDL, cholesterol levels had an opposite tendency. Serum triglyceride levels of type 2 diabetic patients with Apo E3/2 were higher than those with Apo E4/3 (p<0.05), RBC superoxide dismutase and gluta,thione peroxidase activities in type 2 diabetic patients tended to be lower than those in the control group. These enzyme activities of type 2 diabetic patieints with Apo E3 were lowest among the Apo E phenotype groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This result suggests that type 2 diabctic patients had more Apo E 4 allele than in healthy people. Antioxidant enzyme activities decrqased in type 2 diabetic patients with Apo E 4 allele. Serum lipid profiles of type 2 diabetic patients with Apo E 4 allele was an increased risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

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