Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Review

Pharmacotherapy
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Emerging Anticancer Agents: Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2026;50(1):1-18. Published online January 1, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0964

1,929 View
233 Download

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are established treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, with well-documented metabolic and cardiorenal benefits. Emerging evidence indicates that these agents may also exert anticancer effects through mechanisms independent of glucose lowering. Preclinical studies have demonstrated functional SGLT2 expression in tumors such as prostate, pancreatic, breast, colorectal, and bone cancers. Inhibition of SGLT2 decreases tumor glucose uptake, disrupts mitochondrial respiration with subsequent adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Immunomodulatory effects, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) degradation and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)–interferon-β (IFN-β) pathway activation, further illustrate their pleiotropic effects. Observational cohort studies, particularly from nationwide Korean databases, report reduced risks of pancreatic and prostate cancer among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors. In contrast, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses focused on cardiovascular outcomes demonstrate neutral effects on overall cancer risk, providing reassurance regarding safety. Early translational studies suggest that combining SGLT2 inhibitors with chemotherapy is feasible and tolerable. In this review, we summarize the biological rationale and mechanistic insights underlying the anticancer effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, highlight preclinical and clinical evidence across different cancer types, and discuss challenges and future directions for their integration into oncology.

Original Articles

Pharmacotherapy
New Users of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Are at Low Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Yun Kyung Cho, Sehee Kim, Myung Jin Kim, Woo Je Lee, Ye-Jee Kim, Chang Hee Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2026;50(1):90-100. Published online July 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0693

2,324 View
56 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Preclinical studies have reported anticancer properties of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). We aimed to elucidate the association between the use of SGLT2is and the risk of prostate cancer among male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
An active-comparator, new-user cohort design using a nationwide database between September 2014 and June 2020 was conducted on 45,601 new SGLT2i users and 205,395 new users of other glucose-lowering medications (oGLMs). In the following 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) analysis, 35,371 SGLT2i users matched with an equivalent number of oGLM users were assessed. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer were calculated.
Results
Among the cohort, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 210 out of 45,601 SGLT2i users, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 1.0%, in contrast to 1,880 cases among 205,395 users of oGLMs, with a cumulative incidence of 1.5%. The use of SGLT2is was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer based on a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.98). PSM analysis affirmed 18% reduction in prostate cancer risk associated with SGLT2i use (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.99). Subgroup analyses revealed that body mass index (BMI) significantly influenced the effect of SGLT2i on prostate cancer risk, with a more pronounced reduction in the subgroup with a BMI <25 kg/m² (P=0.037).
Conclusion
The use of SGLT2is in Korean male patients with T2DM is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Emerging Anticancer Agents
Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(1): 1. CrossRef

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Risk Factors and Survival Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Sang-hyeok Go, Yun Kyung Cho, Eun Hee Koh; Diabetes Metab J. 2026;50(1):115-126. Published online July 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0455

1,693 View
52 Download

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of metastatic solid tumors; however, they induce immune-related adverse events, such as ICI-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM), a rare but serious condition requiring lifelong insulin therapy. We aimed to identify the risk factors and survival outcomes associated with ICI-T1DM to optimize screening and mitigate adverse effects.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed 6,956 patients treated with ICIs at a tertiary care center between January 1, 2017, and February 28, 2023. ICI-T1DM was classified based on the need for persistent insulin therapy post-ICI and a C-peptide level <1.0 ng/mL. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment details, and survival outcomes were examined.
Results
ICI-T1DM was identified in 32 patients (0.46%) with a median onset time of 41 weeks. Significant risk factors included pre-existing diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 2.352; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.140 to 4.854), combination therapy with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors (HR, 3.666; 95% CI, 1.224 to 10.979), prolonged ICI treatment (≥12 weeks; HR, 4.789; 95% CI, 1.806 to 12.701), and thyroid dysfunction (HR, 4.027; 95% CI, 1.847 to 8.779). ICI-T1DM occurrence and thyroid dysfunction were associated with improved survival (HR, 0.224; 95% CI, 0.093 to 0.539; and HR, 0.616; 95% CI, 0.566 to 0.670).
Conclusion
Patients with pre-existing diabetes, combined anti–PD-1/PD-L1 and anti–CTLA-4 therapy, prolonged ICI treatment (≥12 weeks), and thyroid dysfunction are at high risk of developing ICI-T1DM. The observed survival benefits in patients with ICI-T1DM underscore the importance of aggressive glucose monitoring and patient education for early detection and management.

Review

Pathophysiology
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Its Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice: Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):757-766. Published online July 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0072

15,954 View
738 Download
29 Web of Science
36 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

With the increasing use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), for the treatment of malignancies, cases of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) have been reported globally. This review focuses on the features and pathogenesis of this disease. T1DM is an immune-related adverse event that occurs following the administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4. More than half of the reported cases presented as abrupt-onset diabetic ketoacidosis. The primary mechanism of ICI-T1DM is T-cell stimulation, which results from the loss of interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 in pancreatic islet. The similarities and differences between ICI-T1DM and classical T1DM may provide insights into this disease entity. ICI-T1DM is a rare but often life-threatening medical emergency that healthcare professionals and patients need to be aware of. Early detection of and screening for this disease is imperative. At present, the only known treatment for ICI-T1DM is insulin injection. Further research into the mechanisms and risk factors associated with ICI-T1DM development may contribute to a better understanding of this disease entity and the identification of possible preventive strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Adult-onset type 1 diabetes: early detection, differential diagnosis, and emerging disease-modifying therapies
Robert Wagner, Martin Füchtenbusch, Michael Hummel, Martin Miszon, Andreas Pfützner, Susanne Reger-Tan, Tobias Wiesner
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2026; 231: 113047. CrossRef
Risk Factors and Survival Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sang-hyeok Go, Yun Kyung Cho, Eun Hee Koh
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(1): 115. CrossRef
Sintilimab-related fulminant autoimmune diabetes mellitus manifesting as diabetic ketoacidosis and rare insulin resistance: A case report and literature review
Junhui Zhang, Yuping Zhang, Hongmei Li, Fang Deng, Liling Ma, Wenjing Yang, Hong Yang, Huiqing Yu, Bing Chen, Jiongyu Hu
Endocrine Journal.2026; 73(1): 93. CrossRef
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Emerging Anticancer Agents
Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2026; 50(1): 1. CrossRef
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by tislelizumab in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
Yuanzhen Feng, Xiankang Cheng, Jiao Liu, Jun Qi, Limin Han
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome in patients with cancer: A multicentre study
Rabia K. Shahid, Qasem Haider, Sunil Yadav, Duc Le, Shahid Ahmed
Clinical Medicine.2025; 25(1): 100262. CrossRef
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related type 1 diabetes incidence, risk, and survival association
Fumika Kamitani, Yuichi Nishioka, Miyuki Koizumi, Hiroki Nakajima, Yukako Kurematsu, Sadanori Okada, Shinichiro Kubo, Tomoya Myojin, Tatsuya Noda, Tomoaki Imamura, Yutaka Takahashi
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2025; 16(2): 334. CrossRef
Management of Immunotherapy-Induced Type 1 Diabetes
Veronica Brady
Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America.2025; 37(1): 93. CrossRef
Type I Diabetes—A Rare Adverse Event Described in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Versus a Side Effect from SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Raluca-Ileana Pătru, Miruna Ghigeanu, Maria-Alexandra Barbu, Andreea Iuliana Ionescu, Antone-Iordache Ionuț-Lucian
Reports.2025; 8(1): 31. CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pancreatic Injury (ICI-PI) in Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cha Len Lee, Israt Jahan Riya, Ifrat Jahan Piya, Thiago Pimentel Muniz, Marcus Otho Butler, Samuel David Saibil
Cancers.2025; 17(7): 1080. CrossRef
Cemiplimab and diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report of a rare endocrinopathy associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Anna Arecco, Cristian Petolicchio, Alessandro Pastorino, Enrica Teresa Tanda, Lara Vera, Mara Boschetti, Francesco Cocchiara, Davide Carlo Maggi, Diego Ferone, Federico Gatto
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer in Korea and Japan
Mc Neil Valencia, Zeeshan Abbas, Seung Won Lee
Precision and Future Medicine.2025; 9(1): 15. CrossRef
Durvalumab‑induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review
Huijing Dong, Shengfu Li, Yanmei Peng, Xu Zhang, Jiabin Zheng, Chongxiang Xue, Yumin Zheng, Yixuan Yu, Xingyu Lu, Zixin Hu, Huijuan Cui
Oncology Letters.2025; 29(6): 1. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab-Induced Hypothyroidism and Diabetes Mellitus: A Rare Case Presentation Post-Treatment
Jeevan Perera, Shubham Bhanot
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Review
Vivian Crowder, Veronica Brady
Life.2025; 15(7): 1063. CrossRef
Prenatal pembrolizumab exposure as the potential link among recurrent necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a case report
Pasquale Castaldo, Luigi Altimari, Maria Grazia Capretti, Giulio Maltoni, Andrea Scozzarella, Vittoria Paoletti, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti
Italian Journal of Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of type 1 diabetes mellitus after nivolumab dose escalation: A case report
Sayaka Mabuchi, Naoko Adachi, Atsushi Nagasawa, Satoshi Nabika
Medicine.2025; 104(29): e43356. CrossRef
Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Diabetes Mellitus Following Rapid Pancreatic Metastasis Resolution: Implications for Endocrine Toxicities in Immunotherapy
Sinead Cadogan, Sadhbh Doherty, Deirdre Kelly, Nigel Glynn
AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes.2025; 12(4): 339. CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With Melanoma: A Case Report
Mati Shavit
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-Wide Aggregated Trans Effects Analysis for Circulating Proteins Indicates a Key Role of Immune Checkpoints in Type 1 Diabetes
Xuan Zhou, Andrii Iakovliev, Stuart McGurnaghan, Buddhiprabha Erabadda, Caroline Hayward, Paul M. McKeigue, Athina Spiliopoulou, Helen M. Colhoun
Diabetes.2025; 74(10): 1873. CrossRef
Natural coumarins as anti-diabetic agents: Mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and amelioration of diabetic complications
Shahnaaz Khatoon, Raabia Naaz, Umam Khan, Fayeqa Qayyum, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Saquib, Mohd Kamil Hussain
Phytomedicine.2025; 148: 157339. CrossRef
Atezolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in ICI-Associated Endocrinopathies
Rafal Al-Rubaye, Sabha Nadeem, Ahmed Abdulkader Zaki Ali Soliman
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Interconnected Mechanistic Pathways, Molecular Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approach of Oral Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Viviana Elian, Violeta Popovici, Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu, Alexandra Maria Nicolescu, Sorina Maria Aurelian, Emma Adriana Ozon
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(11): 929. CrossRef
Tislelizumab-induced fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1D): A case report and literature review
Xipeng Zhou, Peng Jiang, Mingxiang Chen, Jiashun Chen
Medicine.2025; 104(47): e46310. CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus: An Indian Case Series
Medha N Rao, Aditi Chopra, Aditya G Hegde, Adarsh K S, Gunna Sriharsha
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond Tumor Immunity: The Disruption of Endocrine and Infectious Homeostasis by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Ema Schönberger, Luka Švitek, Barbara Grubišić, Tara Cvijić Perić, Romana Marušić, Nika Vlahović Vlašić, Tomislav Kizivat, Silvija Canecki Varžić, Lorna Stemberger Marić, Ines Bilić Ćurčić
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(23): 11619. CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Restoration as a Therapeutic Strategy to Halt Diabetes-Driven Atherosclerosis
Dwaipayan Saha, Preyangsee Dutta, Abhijit Chakraborty
Biology.2025; 14(12): 1731. CrossRef
Research Advances of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Related Endocrine Adverse Events
晶晶王
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(02): 2706. CrossRef
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‑associated diabetes mellitus in patients with HCC: Report of three cases and literature review
Gaocheng Wang, Jingjing Wang, Shuilin Dong, Zhanguo Zhang, Wanguang Zhang, Jianping Zhao
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Type 1 diabetes: immune pathology and novel therapeutic approaches
Eleanor M. Ling, Joana R. N. Lemos, Khemraj Hirani, Matthias von Herrath
Diabetology International.2024; 15(4): 761. CrossRef
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus
Eleni-Rafaela Kani, Eleftheria Karaviti, Dimitra Karaviti, Eleni Gerontiti, Ioanna A. Paschou, Katerina Saltiki, Katerina Stefanaki, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Stavroula A. Paschou
Endocrine.2024; 87(3): 875. CrossRef
Use pembrolizumab may cause acute and severe adverse reactions: a case report and review
Linna Ouyang, Huixing Liu, Zhixiang Tang, Rui Wu, Yujie Zhong, Haibin Chen
International Journal of Surgery Oncology.2024; 9(3): 40. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab-Induced Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Rare Immune-Related Adverse Event
Mirac Burak Tak, Zaid Munir, Ahmet Aydin
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetes and the associated complications: The role of antioxidants in diabetes therapy and care
Lowell Dilworth, Dewayne Stennett, Aldeam Facey, Felix Omoruyi, Shada Mohansingh, Felix O. Omoruyi
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 181: 117641. CrossRef
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus: a neglected but high-risk adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Kelin Meng, Shengling Fu, Yaochen Huang, Wei Chen, Wenbin Zou
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Leading to Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Mesenteric Ischemia With Necrosis Following Pembrolizumab Administration: A Case Report
Mayu Ueki, Takeshi Fukuda, Kenta Oue, Takuma Wada, Toshiyuki Sumi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Letter

Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index Variability and Incident Diabetic Microvascular Complications: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial (Diabetes Metab J 2022;46:767-80): Yun Kyung Cho; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):147-149. Published online January 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0002

3,514 View
122 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

PDF PubReader ePub

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Anthropometric Changes and Risk of Visual Impairment in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ahnul Ha, Sangjun Shin, Jeongwoo Lee, Sooyeon Choe, Young Kook Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(6): 1338. CrossRef

Original Articles

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Asian Subpopulations May Exhibit Greater Cardiovascular Benefit from Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials: Yu Mi Kang, Yun Kyung Cho, Jiwoo Lee, Seung Eun Lee, Woo Je Lee, Joong-Yeol Park, Ye-Jee Kim, Chang Hee Jung, Michael A. Nauck; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):410-421. Published online December 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0070

10,330 View
175 Download
26 Web of Science
26 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Based on reported results of three large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), we aimed to investigate the overall effect of GLP-1 RAs on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and to identify subpopulations exhibiting the greatest cardiovascular (CV) benefit.

Methods

Three CVOTs reporting effects of long-acting GLP-1 RAs were included: LEADER (liraglutide), SUSTAIN-6 (semaglutide), and EXSCEL (exenatide once weekly). In all studies, the primary endpoint was three-point MACE, comprising CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Overall effect estimates were calculated as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model; subgroup analyses reported in the original studies were similarly analyzed.

Results

Overall, statistically significant risk reductions in MACE and CV death were observed. Subgroup analysis indicated a significant racial difference with respect to CV benefit (P for interaction <0.001), and more substantial risk reductions were observed in subjects of African origin (relative risk [RR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.99) and in Asians (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.32). However, post hoc analysis (Bonferroni method) revealed that only Asians exhibited a significantly greater CV benefit from treatment, compared with white subjects (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

Long-acting GLP-1 RAs reduced risks of MACE and CV deaths in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our findings of a particularly effective reduction in CV events with GLP-1 RA in Asian populations merits further exploration and dedicated trials in specific populations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Asians and Non-Asians Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tianzuo Wang, Yuying Cui, Lin Liao
Diabetes Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asian Versus White Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials of Populations With or Without Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight or O
Matthew M.Y. Lee, Nazim Ghouri, Anoop Misra, Yu Mi Kang, Martin K. Rutter, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Darren K. McGuire, Naveed Sattar
Diabetes Care.2025; 48(3): 489. CrossRef
Expert Opinion on the Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Established or High‑risk Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Thailand
Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Rungroj Krittayaphong, Wacin Buddhari, Songsak Kiatchoosakun, Apiradee Sriwijitkamol, Taweesak Wannachalee, Arintaya Phrommintikul
Journal of Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the Safety of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Black and Asian Populations: A Narrative Review
Pulwasha Iftikhar, Chander P Khatri, Sri Ratna Divya Nanduri, Minahil Ramzan, Krishna Sai Kiran Sakalabaktula
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: A focus on the metabolic differences among southeast Asian, Chinese and Indian populations and how this impacts treatment
Yuzi Cao, Indah Widyahening, Xiaodong Sun, Sheyu Li
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(S10): 3. CrossRef
Comparative efficacy and safety of Glucagon‐like pepetide‐1 receptor agonists with metformin in Asian versus non‐Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Wenxuan Li, Linyan Huang, Ruixue Wang, Peiyan Peng, Aowen Song, Yi Zeng, Zhen Zhang
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(11): 6727. CrossRef
Safety and Effectiveness of Dulaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Real-World Post-Marketing Study
Jeonghee Han, Woo Je Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyoung Cho, Byung Wan Lee, Cheol-Young Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 418. CrossRef
Sex, racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities in major adverse cardiovascular outcome of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists among patients with and without diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials
Frederick Berro Rivera, Nathan Ross B. Bantayan, John Paul Aparece, Linnaeus Louisse A. Cruz, John Vincent Magallong, Polyn Luz Pine, Anne Mira Nicca Idian-Javier, Grace Nooriza O. Lumbang, Edgar V. Lerma, Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, Martha Gulati, Krishnasw
Journal of Clinical Lipidology.2024; 18(4): e588. CrossRef
A randomized, double‐blind trial assessing the efficacy and safety of two doses of dulaglutide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐JPN)
Tomoaki Morioka, Masakazu Takeuchi, Akichika Ozeki, Masanori Emoto
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(8): 3167. CrossRef
Coronary Artery Disease in South Asian Patients: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatments
Vincenzo Sucato, Giuseppe Coppola, Girolamo Manno, Giuseppe Vadalà, Giuseppina Novo, Egle Corrado, Alfredo Ruggero Galassi
Current Problems in Cardiology.2023; 48(8): 101228. CrossRef
Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness of Oral Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Japanese Clinical Settings
Hodaka Yamada, Masashi Yoshida, Shunsuke Funazaki, Jun Morimoto, Shiori Tonezawa, Asuka Takahashi, Shuichi Nagashima, Kimura Masahiko, Otsuka Kiyoshi, Kazuo Hara
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2023; 10(4): 176. CrossRef
Efficacy of treatment with glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists-1 in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
L. Yu. Khamnueva, L. S. Andreeva
Problems of Endocrinology.2023; 69(2): 38. CrossRef
Role of diabetes in stroke: Recent advances in pathophysiology and clinical management
Sian A. Bradley, Kevin J. Spring, Roy G. Beran, Dimitrios Chatzis, Murray C. Killingsworth, Sonu M. M. Bhaskar
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity Pillars Roundtable: Obesity and East Asians
Harold Edward Bays, Jennifer Ng, Jeffrey Sicat, Michelle Look
Obesity Pillars.2022; 2: 100011. CrossRef
Pathophysiology, phenotypes and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Chinese populations
Calvin Ke, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Juliana C. N. Chan, Prabhat Jha, Baiju R. Shah
Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2022; 18(7): 413. CrossRef
Effect of race on cardiometabolic responses to once-weekly exenatide: insights from the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL)
Timothy M. E. Davis, Anna Giczewska, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Robert J. Mentz, Naveed Sattar, Rury R. Holman
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Generalizability of the Results of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Xiaoling Cai, Linong Ji
Diabetes Therapy.2021; 12(7): 1861. CrossRef
Current trends in epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk management in type 2 diabetes
Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
Metabolism.2021; 123: 154838. CrossRef
Sex and ethnic differences in the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes
Jian L. Yeo, Emer M. Brady, Gerry P. McCann, Gaurav S. Gulsin
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yuan Zhu, Jiao Xu, Dong Zhang, Xingyu Mu, Yi Shi, Shangtao Chen, Zengxiang Wu, Shuangqing Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes patients in endocrinology clinics of Islamabad, Pakistan
Matiullah Kamin, SajjadAli Khan, UmarYousaf Raja, Osama Ishtiaq, Asmara Malik, Tejhmal Rehman, MuhammadUmar Wahab
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 25(5): 456. CrossRef
Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: a Unique Population with a Growing Challenge
Afreen I. Shariff, Nitya Kumar, William S. Yancy, Leonor Corsino
Current Diabetes Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Antihypertensive and Renal Mechanisms of SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter 2) Inhibitors
Christopher S. Wilcox
Hypertension.2020; 75(4): 894. CrossRef
Subpopulation Differences in the Cardiovascular Efficacy of Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Liyun He, Na Yang, Lingling Xu, Fan Ping, Wei Li, Yuxiu Li, Huabing Zhang
Diabetes Therapy.2020; 11(9): 2121. CrossRef
2020 Consensus of Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the pharmacological management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
Chern-En Chiang, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Ting-Hsing Chao, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Yih-Jer Wu, Kang-Ling Wang, Shih-Hsien Sung, Hung-I Yeh, Yi-Heng Li, Ping-Yen Liu, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Kou-Gi Shyu, Jin-Long Huang, Cheng-Dao Tsai, Huei-Fong Hung, Ming-En Liu, Tze-Fan Chao,
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2020; 83(7): 587. CrossRef
Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Kyung-Soo Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2020; 26(4): 430. CrossRef

Antepartum Characteristics Predicting Persistent Postpartum Glucose lntolerance in the Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).: Yoo Lee Kim, Yong Wook Cho, Seok Won Park, Seog Ki Lee, In Sup Ahn, Byung Wook Na, Jun Lee, Yun Kyung Cho, Hwa Young Lee, Sang Jong Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(1):46-59. Published online January 1, 2001

1,696 View
26 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of persistent postpartum glucose intolerance and to examine antepartum clinical characteri-stics for their predictability of persistent postpartum glucose intolerance in the patients with GDM. METHODS: In 211 GDM patients who showed more than two abnormal glucose values of O'Sullivan and Mahan's criteria on 100g-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 75g-OGTT were performed at 6 weeks postpartum. The incidence of postpartum normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were investigated and antepartum ciinical parameters were compared among the three groups, Predictability of antepartum clinical characteristics for postpartum IGT and DM were also investigated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: When we grouped the patients into postpartum NGT, IGT, DM according to the results of 75g-OGTT performed 6 weeks postpartum, The incidence were 81,5% of subjects had NGT, 9.0% had IGT, and 9.5% had DM. Plasma glucose levels and GAUC on antepartum 100 g-OGTT(NGT: 1660+/-159, IGT: 1948+/-730, DM: 2538+/-629mmol/L ' min), and proportion of patients receiving insulin therapy increased progressively and significantly in association with worsening postpartum glucose tolerance. Frequency of positive family history of DM in qroups with IGT and DM (63,2% & 80.0%) were significantly higher than that in group with NGT(37,2%). Weight gain before diagnosis of GDM in groups with IGT and DM(6.7+/-3.9kg & 6.8+/-4.1 kg) were significantly smaller than that of group with NGT(9.5+/-3,5kg), Gestational age at diagnosis of GDM in group with DM(25.8+/-5.4 weeks) was significantly shorter than that in group with NGT(30.0+/-3,3 weeks), Proportion of subjects diagnosed earlier than 24 weeks of gestation were significantly higher in groups with IGT (15.8%) and DM (25.0%) than in group with NGT (1.2%). Proportions of subjects delivered heavier infants, > or =4 kg,were significantly higher in the DM group (40.0%) than in the NGT group (9.3%). In the patients having fasting plasma glucose levels hlgher than 5.8 mmol/L on antepartum 100g-OGTT, the prevalence of persistent glucose intolerance was significantly higher than in the patients FPG level lower than 5.8 mmol/L (61.9% vs 7.7%), Logistic regression analysis were performed using IGT and DM as the outcome of interest. The GAUC on antepartum 100g-OGTT, family history of DM, and the gestational age at diagnosis of GDM were independent predictors for both postpartum DM and postpartum IGT. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of persistent postpartum glucose intolerance in GDM patients were 18.5% and the most important independent predictor for persistent postpartum glucose intolerance was the degree of severity in glucose intolerance during pregnancy.

Can the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) done at Postpartum (PPT) 1 Wddk Substitute OGTT at PPT 6 Week OGTT at PPT 6 Week in Diagnosing Rersistent PPT Glucose Intolerance in the Patients with Gastrational Diagetes Melltus (GDM)?.: Yoo Lee Kim, Yong Wook Cho, Seok Won Park, Yun Kyung Cho, Hwa Young Lee, In Hyun Kim, Jong Gun Won, Hye Sun Jun, Ho Taek Lee, Seog Ki Lee, Sang Jong Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(2):267-280. Published online January 1, 2001

2,214 View
44 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Although 75 g-OGTT at PPT 6 week is necessary to diagnose persistent PPT glucose intolerance (PPGI) in GDM patients, it 1s difficult to perform this test because many patients drop-out during the follow-up period. Thus we tested whether OGTT done at PPT 1 week can substitute OGTT at PPT 6 week in diagnosing PPGI in GDM patients. METHOD: In 370 GDM patients, 75 g-OGTT was performed at PPT 1 week and repeat OGTT was done in 196 patients at PPT 6 week. Results of OGTT were classified as normal glucose tolerance(NGT), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) according to National Diabetes Data Group(NDDG) criteria. Changes in glucose tolerance state between PPT 1 and 6 week were assessed, and the predictability of clinical characteristics for these changes were investigated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 370 GDM patients who performed OGTT at PPT 1 week, 79.4% had NGT, 12.2% had IGT, and 8.4% had DM. 53% (196/370) of subjects repeated OGTT at PPT 6 week. In OGTT at PPT 6 week, 77.6% (152/196, 140/149 in NGT, 4/26 in IGT and 8/21 in DM) were in the same glucose tolerance state as at PPT 1 week. The glucose tolerance improved in 14.8% (29/196, 16/26 in IGT and 13/21 in DM) and deteriorated in 7,6% (15/196, 9/149 in NGT and 6/26 in IGT). 94%(140/149) of patients who had NGT at PPT 1 week had NGT at PPT b week and 48.9/o (23/47) of patients who had abnormal glucose tolerance at PPT 1 week had abnormal glucose tolerance at PPT 6 week. Mean fasting plasma glucose level on OGTT became lower at PPT 1 week than during pregnancy (4.6+/-0,8 vs 5.1+/-1.2mmol/L, p<0.05) and became higher at PPT 6 week than at PPT 1 week (5.4+/-1.1 vs 4.6+/-0.8 mmol/L, p<0.05). Mean plasma glucose level at 2 hour after glucose load was significantly lower at PPT 6 week than at PPT 1 week (7.2+/-2.7 vs 8.3+/-2.5 mmol/L). When the subjects were grouped into NGT, IGT, and DM according to glucose tolerance state at PPT 6 week, the NGT group already showed normal glucose tolerance at PPT 1 week. The IGT and DM group showed slightly lower glucose levels at PPT 1 week than during pregnancy but became high to the level during pregnancy at PPT 6 week. In the patients group showing deterioration in glucose tolerance state between PPT 1 and 6 week, prevalence of insulin treatment was higher (63.4% vs 9.4, 20.7%), the gestational age at diagnosis of GDM were lower (25.0+/-6.2 week vs 29.8+/-3.3, 29.9+/-4,8 waek), and prepregnant weight was higher (113.4+/-21.2% vs 102.5+/-12.4, 102.4+/-14.6%) than those in the patients groups showing no change and improvement in glucose tolerance state, Weight gain until diagnosis of GDM during pregnancy(5.7+/-4.4kg vs 9.4+/-3.4kg) and weight change between prepregnancy and PPT 5 week(-1,3+/-3.5kg vs 1.5+/-29kg) was smaller in the deterioration group than those in the no change group. Logistic regression analysis performed using improvement and deterioration of glucose tolerance state between PPT 1 and 6 week as an outcome of interest revealed that an earlier diagnosis of GDM and a smaller weight at PPT 6 week than prepregnant weight were independent predictors for deterioration of glucose tolerance between PPT 1 and 6 week. In conclusion, OGTT done at PPT 1 week can substitute OGTT at PPT 6 week in a large subgroup of GDM patients who has NGT at PPT 1 week without any risk factors for deterioration in glucose tolerance.

Relationship Among Urinary Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Excretion Rates, Urinary Albumin Excretion and Macrovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Yoon Sang Choi, Sang Hoon Kim, Hyang Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Hyun Ju Um, Si Yong Kim, Byong Ik Kim, Yoo Lee Kim, Hwa Young Lee, Sang Jong Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(2):245-255. Published online January 1, 2001

1,743 View
21 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Increased loss of proteoglycan (PG) from glomerular basement membrane (GBM) has been postulated to alter glomerular charge selectivity which contributes to urinary loss of albumin. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is the degradation products of PG. Recently, one of the hypothesis suggested that urinary albumin execretion(UAE) reflects not only merely a glomerular manifes-tation but also a macrovascular disease (by Deckert et al), Wasty et al. reported a significant decrease in total GAG concentration and marked changes in their distribution in atherosclarotic plaques in human. Thus, the alterations in the metabolism of GAG might play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. Therefore, we investigated the relationship among urinary GAG execretion rates, UAE and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We measured urinary excretion rates of GAS in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular disease ( cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and other peripheral vascular disease ) and investigated the relationships among urinary execretion of GAG, UAE and macrovascular disease in 103 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: 1) Among total 103 patients, 66 patients (64.0%) showed normoal-buminuria, 18 patients (17.5%) showed microabluminuria and 19 paitents (18.4%) showed macro albuminuria respectively. The duration of diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and macrovascular disease were increased according to the degree of UAE. 2) The urinary excretion rates of GAG in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normo-, microand macro-albuminuria were 6.72+/-4.05, 9.17+/-3.26 and 14.20+/-6.13 microgram glucuronic acid/min respectively (p<0.05). The urinary GAG levels were significantly correlated with UAE (r=0.43, p<0.05). 3) The urinary excretion rates of GAG in type 2 diabetes mellitus with (n=26) and without (n=77) macrovascular disease were 6.21+/-2.75 and 9,31+/-5.59 ug glucuronic acid/min, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: 1) The urinary excretion rates of GAG were decreased in patients with macro vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2) The urinary excretion rates of GAG may be a possible marker of macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Yet, further large prospective studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search