With a developing worldwide epidemic of diabetes mellitus, the renal complications associated with diabetes have become a serious health concern. Primary therapy for treating diabetic nephropathy is a multifactorial process. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonists have been used primarily in clinical practice for the treatment of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Given that PPARα expression and regulation of metabolic pathways are involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, PPARα likely influences the development and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy via indirect effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis and also by direct action on the kidneys. These findings suggest that PPARα may become an important therapeutic target for treating diabetic renal complications.

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