Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

Basic and Translational Research
Targeting PGC-1α by miRNA-374 Simultaneously Improve β-Cell Dysfunction and Suppress Hepatic Glucose Overproduction: Ji-Won Kim, Joonyub Lee, Young-Hye You, Chan-Hee Oh, Heon-Seok Park, Eun Young Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji-Ho Park, Kun-Ho Yoon; Received April 5, 2025 Accepted August 24, 2025 Published online November 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0287 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
In this study, we aimed to validate the potential of miR-374 in ameliorating hyperglycemia by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) expression in pancreatic islets and liver.
Methods
To identify miRNAs targeting PGC-1α, we performed miRNA chip analysis in rat islets under hyperglycemic and euglycemic conditions. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify miR binding sites in the 3’-untranslated region (3’ UTR) of PGC-1α. In db/db mice, miRNA-encapsulated adenoviruses were administered and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and glucose stimulated insulin secretion tests were performed. For enhanced delivery to β-cells, we developed exendin-4 (Ex-4) coated cationic lipoparticles (CCLs) encapsulating miRNAs. The therapeutic potential of Ex-4-CCL-miRNA was further evaluated in insulin-producing cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
Results
By analyzing miRNA expression in primary rat islets exposed under hyperglycemic environment, we identified miR-374 as a potential target. In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-374 significantly suppressed PGC-1α expression in β-cells and hepatocytes by binding to its 3’-UTR. In vivo experiments using adenovirus-mediated miR-374 (Ad-miR-374) delivering directly to the pancreas and liver of db/db mice demonstrated improved glycemic control, enhanced insulin secretion, and downregulated hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes (G6Pase, Pepck, PC). To enhance the clinical applicability of miR-374, we developed Ex-4-CCLs. Ex-4-CCL-miR-374 successfully alleviated hyperglycemia, restored pancreatic islet function, and decreased gluconeogenesis gene expression in db/db mice. Furthermore, Ex-4-CCL-miR-374 improved insulin secretory function in glucotoxicity-exposed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin producing cells.
Conclusion
Based on these findings, we propose that Ex-4-CCL-miR-374 as a promising therapeutic approach to reverse β-cell dysfunction and improve hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Editorial

Preventing End-Stage Kidney Disease in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Blood Pressure Targets: Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(6):1198-1200. Published online November 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.1017

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Review

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Bridging Evidence and Practice: A Consensus Statement from the Korean Diabetes Association on Diabetes Screening, Pharmacological Treatment and Severe Diabetes: Jong Han Choi, Shinae Kang, Soo-Kyung Kim, Won Jun Kim, Ji Min Kim, Jaehyun Bae, Jae-Seung Yun, Eonju Jeon, Young-Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Hun Jee Choe, Young Min Cho, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Yong Kim, Hae Jin Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Min Kyong Moon, Suk Chon, Seon Mee Kang, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, You-Bin Lee, Se Hee Min, Jung Hwan Park, Woo Je Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(6):1155-1177. Published online November 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0978

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: This Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) consensus statement bridges global evidence with the Korean clinical context, where large randomized and real-world data remain limited. Recommendations required ≥80% agreement by the committee of clinical practice guideline and approval by the board of directors. The statement comprises three domains: diabetes screening aligned with Korean epidemiology; pharmacologic management guided by pathophysiology and comorbidities; and a severity construct of “severe diabetes mellitus” that links complication-based staging with metabolic grading to match therapeutic intensity to disease complexity. Compared with prior KDA guidelines, this statement introduces substantive advances in three areas. First, screening recommendations are streamlined to emphasize risk-aligned, practical implementation rather than prescriptive test sequences. Second, pharmacologic management applies an individualized framework for drug selection that jointly considers pathophysiology and comorbidities. It operationalizes individualized selection by dominant pathophysiology (insulin resistance vs. insulin insufficiency) and coexisting conditions, and formalizes treatment dynamics—early combination, timely initiation of injectables, avoidance of overbasalization, and structured deintensification. It also prioritizes agents with proven cardiovascular and renal protection and elevates management of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease as central goals; clinically, insulin should be initiated promptly in hypercatabolic states or suspected islet failure, and technology-enabled care—including continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery—are integral across all stages. Third, the newly introduced severity construct underpins treatment-intensity decisions across domains without reiterating prescriptive algorithms. Collectively, these recommendations provide a coherent, context-appropriate framework for diabetes screening and management in Korea and identify priorities for future evidence generation.

Original Article

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association: Shinae Kang, Seon Mee Kang, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo Kyung Koo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Young-eun Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Ji Min Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Sun Joon Moon, Jun Sung Moon, Joon Ho Moon, Se Hee Min, Jung Hwan Park, Jaehyun Bae, Keeho Song, Ji Yoon Ahn, Jae-Seung Yun, Woo Je Lee, You-Bin Lee, Suk Chon, Eonju Jeon, Sang-Man Jin, Eugene Han, You-Cheol Hwang, Jae Hyun Bae, YoonJu Song, Jeong Hyun Lim, Jae Won Cho, Ji Yeon Choi, Yong Hee Hong, Jieun Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Ji Yun Noh, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(4):582-783. Published online July 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2025.0469

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Citations

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Eun Mi Lee, In-Jeong Cho, Hae Jin Kim, Dae-Hee Kim, Hae-Young Lee, Sungha Park, Sang-Hyun Ihm
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Lifestyle prescriptions for diabetes management in primary care: a narrative review
Hye Jun Lee, Jung-Ha Kim
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Impact of smart watch mobile application on the risk treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (iSMART-DM)
Min Kyoung Jang, Yun Kyung Cho, Jung Yoon Moon, Se Hee Min, Ju Hee Hwang, Chang Hee Jung
Primary Care Diabetes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Pancreatogenic Diabetes After Total Pancreatectomy
Young Jae Cho, Inhyuck Lee, Yoon Soo Chae, Go‐Won Choi, Younsoo Seo, Youngmin Han, Hye‐sol Jung, Wooil Kwon, Joon Seong Park, Jin‐Young Jang
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Efficacy and safety of combining empagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled with metformin and sitagliptin: A randomised, double‐blind, multicentre, therapeutic confirmatory phase 3 clinical trial
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Corrigendum

Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024: Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(3):524-524. Published online May 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0818.c1; Corrects: Diabetes Metab J 2025;49(1):24

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Impact of smart watch mobile application on the risk treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (iSMART-DM)
Min Kyoung Jang, Yun Kyung Cho, Jung Yoon Moon, Se Hee Min, Ju Hee Hwang, Chang Hee Jung
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Impact of Hospitalist-Led Care on Glycemic Control Among Hospitalized Adults with Diabetes in Korea
Soohyun Lee, Jaewoong Kim, Areum Shin, Sunhee Jo, Chul Sik Kim, Taeyoung Kyong
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(2): 406. CrossRef
Association between extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean males aged 19-80 years: analysis of KNHANES 2022-2023
Seung-Hee Lee, Seo-Jeong Heo, Jonghoon Park
Physical Activity and Nutrition.2025; 29(2): 77. CrossRef
Glucagon in metabolic disease: a mini-review of emerging multi-organ roles beyond glycemic control
Seung Hee Lee, Hyeon Young Park, Ji Ho Yun, Eun Kyoung Do
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinically Practical and Affordable Lifestyle Modification to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus in Real Practice
Inji Lee, Minji Kang, Ji Hye Choi, Hyunjung Lim, Suk Chon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(5): 951. CrossRef
Real‐World Evidence of Long‐Term Dulaglutide Use: Sustained Glycemic and Weight Improvements Beyond Three Years
Hwi Seung Kim, Myung Jin Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee
Clinical Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea: Latest Clinical and Epidemiologic Trends: Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyuna Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(2):183-193. Published online March 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0836

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Background
Diabetes in older adults is becoming a significant public burden to South Korea. However, a comprehensive understanding of epidemiologic trends and the detailed clinical characteristics of older adults with diabetes is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated epidemiologic trends and the metabolic and lifestyle characteristics of diabetes in Korean older adults.
Methods
We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess diabetes prevalence according to diabetes duration and lifestyle behaviors. In addition, we drew upon the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance System to assess physical activity levels, antidiabetic medication use, polypharmacy, medication adherence, and major comorbidities.
Results
The absolute number of newly diagnosed cases of diabetes among older adults doubled over the past decade. Management rates of metabolic indicators were higher in older adults with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. The proportion of older adults with diabetes meeting the minimum recommended physical activity increased over the years. Compared to 10 years before, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor had increased, as had comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, dementia, cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease. Initial medication adherence was significantly lower in those with end-stage kidney disease or dementia, insulin use, high-risk alcohol use, and living alone. Continuing insulin use 1 year after diagnosis of diabetes was significantly higher in those who initiated insulin therapy at diagnosis, had retinopathy, were on triple antidiabetic medications, and had a history of cancer.
Conclusion
Comprehensive management of metabolic indicators and physical activity is essential for older adults with diabetes. Improvements in prescribing guidelines, personalized management of age-related comorbidities, and individualized approaches that consider the heterogeneous nature of older adults with diabetes are desirable. Further research, such as high-quality cohort and intervention studies specific to older adults, is needed to establish evidence-based management for older adults with diabetes.

Citations

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Rising mortality from electrolyte and acid–base imbalances in the United States (1999–2020): a joinpoint regression analysis of national trends and disparities
Zaima Afzaal, Asma Chaudhary, Inshal Uddin Khattak, Saba Aliha, Asad Khan, Anas M Din Bashir, Hameer Ali, Amnah Khan, Aizaz Anwar Khalid, Wania Khan, Touqeer Rehman, Maryam Atif, Areen Zia, Mazia Mahnoor, Rumman Javed, Saad Ahmed Waqas, Raheel Ahmed, Soma
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Exploring the Lack of Physical Activity among Adolescents Worldwide
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(3): 513. CrossRef
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Optimizing Physical Activity Strategies for Older Adults with Diabetes
Hyeon-Jin Yu, Doyoun Hong, Kyuho Kim, Ji Hye Heo, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Jae-Seung Yun
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(6): 1178. CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Prevalence, Incidence, and Metabolic Characteristics of Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea (2010–2020): Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Nam Hoon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(2):172-182. Published online March 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0826

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Background
This study aimed to examine trends in the prevalence, incidence, metabolic characteristics, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young adults in South Korea.
Methods
Young adults with T2DM were defined as individuals aged 19 to 39 years who met the diagnostic criteria for T2DM. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Customized Database (2010–2020, n=225,497–372,726) were analyzed to evaluate trends in T2DM prevalence, incidence, metabolic profiles, comorbidities, and antidiabetic drug prescription. Additional analyses were performed using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Results
The prevalence of T2DM in young adults significantly increased from 1.02% in 2010 to 2.02% in 2020 (P<0.001), corresponding to 372,726 patients in 2020. Over the same period, the incidence rate remained stable within the range of 0.36% to 0.45%. Prediabetes prevalence steadily increased from 15.53% to 20.92%, affecting 3.87 million individuals in 2020. The proportion of young adults with T2DM who were obese also increased, with 67.8% having a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² and 31.6% having a BMI ≥30 kg/m² in 2020. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease also increased, reaching 34.2%, 79.8%, and 78.9%, respectively, in 2020. Although the overall pharmacological treatment rate remained low, the prescription of antidiabetic medications with weight-reducing properties increased over the study period.
Conclusion
The prevalence of T2DM among young adults in South Korea nearly doubled over the past decade. The strong association with obesity and metabolic comorbidities emphasizes the urgent need for targeted prevention and management strategies tailored to this population.

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Association of temporal MASLD with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality
Eugene Han, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-ho Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Jung Hwan Park, Cheol-Young Park
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Fenofibrate therapy and risk of heart failure outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a propensity-matched cohort study
Ji Yoon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Dong-Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim
European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.2025; 11(7): 620. CrossRef
Young Adults at Risk: Tackling the Surge of Early‑Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Korea
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Young patients with type 2 diabetes have high relative risks for complications in a country with middle-high sociodemographic index, similarly to those countries with high index
Gergő A. Molnár, Zoltán Kiss, István Wittmann
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Non-Intensive Insulin Therapy in South Korea
Ji Yoon Kim, Sabrina Ilham, Hamza Alshannaq, Richard F. Pollock, Martin Field, Gregory J. Norman, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Can screening for albuminuria detect type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Mi Kyung Kim
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 44(6): 857. CrossRef
Association between severe acute pancreatitis and new-onset diabetes: a propensity score-matched real-world study
Djibril M. Ba, Phil A. Hart, Tian Qiu, Somashekar G. Krishna, Xiang Gao, Douglas L. Leslie, David Bradley, Jennifer Maranki, Kadiyatu Fofana, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Ariana R. Pichardo-Lowden
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
The Impact of Obesity on the Association between Parity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Yuki Gen, Kyuho Kim, Joonyub Lee, Junyoung Jung, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Hong-Hee Won, Dokyoon Kim, Yun-Sung Jo, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jae-Seung Yun; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(4):837-847. Published online February 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0536

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Background
Most studies focus solely on the relationship between parity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk, providing limited insights into other contributing or protective factors. This study aims to explore the complex relationship between parity and T2DM risk, considering additional factors such as obesity, race, and body composition.
Methods
This prospective cohort study used data from 242,159 women aged 40 to 69 from the UK Biobank, none of whom had T2DM at baseline. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the association between parity and T2DM. Subgroup analyses were performed based on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and race.
Results
The hazard ratio for T2DM per additional child was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.16). Subgroup analysis revealed that Asian women and those with obesity or abdominal obesity had a higher risk of T2DM associated with multiparity. No increased risk was observed in women with normal BMI or WC. Mediation analysis showed that WC and BMI significantly mediated the parity-T2DM relationship, accounting for 49% and 38% of the effect, respectively.
Conclusion
There is a clear positive association between multiparity and T2DM risk, particularly in Asian women and those with obesity. Maintaining normal BMI and WC appears to mitigate this risk, highlighting the importance of weight management for women at higher parity levels. These findings offer crucial insights for public health interventions aimed at reducing T2DM risk among women.

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Baseline and longitudinal changes of body roundness index and incident type 2 diabetes: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort
Xuanli Zhao, Fangyuan Jing, Yanan Ren, Jing Zhu, Xinzhe Jing, Meiqun Lv, Ke Huang, Jing Guo, Jiayu Li, Xiaohui Sun, Yingying Mao, Ding Ye
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2025; 13(5): e005339. CrossRef

Guideline/Statement/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024: Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(1):24-33. Published online January 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0818; Correction in: Diabetes Metab J 2025;49(3):524

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults.
Methods
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2022) were analyzed to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, and comorbidities of diabetes. Comparisons between young and older adults with diabetes were emphasized.
Results
Among Korean adults aged ≥30 years, the prevalence of diabetes is 15.5% during 2021–2022. Of these, 74.7% were aware of their condition, 70.9% received antidiabetic treatment, and only 32.4% achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%. Moreover, 15.9% met the integrated management targets, which included HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. In young adults aged 19 to 39 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 2.2%. Among them, 43.3% were aware of their condition, 34.6% received treatment, and 29.6% achieved HbA1c <6.5%. Obesity affected 87.1%, and 26.9% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Among adults aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of diabetes was 29.3%, with awareness, treatment, and control rates of 78.8%, 75.7%, and 31.2%, respectively. Integrated management targets (HbA1c <7.5%, hypertension, and lipids) were achieved by 40.1%.
Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus remains highly prevalent among Korean adults, with significant gaps in integrated glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Older adults with diabetes show higher awareness and treatment rates but limited integrated management outcomes. Young adults with diabetes bear a significant burden of obesity and comorbidities, alongside low awareness and treatment rates. Therefore, early intervention programs, education, and strategies tailored to younger populations are urgently required.

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Review

Others
Holistic and Personalized Strategies for Managing in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):531-545. Published online July 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0310

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Due to increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes among the elderly in Korea is continuously rising, as is the associated public health burden. Diabetes management in elderly patients is complicated by age-related physiological changes, sarcopenia characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, comorbidities, and varying levels of functional, cognitive, and mobility abilities that lead to frailty. Moreover, elderly patients with diabetes frequently face multiple chronic conditions that elevate their risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality; they are also prone to complications such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe hypoglycemia. This review examines the characteristics of and management approaches for diabetes in the elderly, and advocates for a comprehensive yet personalized strategy.

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Original Articles

Cardiovascular risk/Epidemiology
Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study: Ye Seul Yang, Nam Hoon Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jang Won Son, Seung-Hwan Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Keeho Song, Eun-Jung Rhee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):279-289. Published online January 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0225

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Background
Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD.
Methods
We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study.
Results
Overall, 2,050 patients were eligible for analysis among 2,107 enrolled patients. The mean patient age, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin level were 70.0 years, 12.0 years, and 7.5%, respectively. During the mean follow-up duration of 9.7 months, 25.7% of the patients were prescribed SGLT2is after CVD events. However, only 1.8% were prescribed GLP-1RAs. Compared with SGLT2i non-users, SGLT2i users were more frequently male and obese. Furthermore, they had a shorter diabetes duration but showed worse glycemic control and better renal function at the time of the event. GLP-1RA users had a longer duration of diabetes and worse glycemic control at the time of the event than GLP-1RA non-users.
Conclusion
The SGLT2i or GLP-1RA prescription rates were suboptimal in patients with T2DM and established CVD. Sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and renal function were associated with the use of these agents.

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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020: Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Yong-Moon Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Jae-Hyun Bae, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan-Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):643-652. Published online August 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0041

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Background
We evaluated the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly Korean patients based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
Methods
A total of 3,068 adults aged 65 years and older (19.8% of total population) were analyzed using KNHANES from 2019 to 2020. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates, and comorbidities were analyzed. Lifestyle behaviors and energy intake were also measured.
Results
The prevalence of DM and prediabetes was 29.6% and 50.5%, respectively. The awareness, treatment and control rates were 76.4%, 73.3%, and 28.3%, respectively. The control rate was 77.0% if A1C <7.5% criteria was used. The mean A1C value of individuals with known DM was 7.1%, and 14.5% of the known DM patients had A1C ≥8.0%. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were combined with DM in 63.9%, 71.7%, and 70.7%, respectively, and the rate of integrated management was 36.0% (A1C <7.5% criteria). A total of 40.1% of those with DM walked regularly. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in those with DM than in those without DM (P=0.044), while those of fat (P=0.003) and protein (P=0.025) were lower in those with DM than in those without DM in women.
Conclusion
In 2019 to 2020, three of 10 adults aged 65 years and older in Korea had DM, and approximately 70% of them had comorbidities. A strategy for more individualized comprehensive care for the elderly patients with DM is urgently needed.

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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Comparison of Operational Definition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data from Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Jong Ha Baek, Yong-Moon Park, Kyung Do Han, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Han Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(2):201-210. Published online February 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0375

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Background
We evaluated the validity and reliability of the operational definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database.
Methods
Adult subjects (≥40 years old) included in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2017 were merged with those from the NHIS health check-up database, producing a cross-sectional dataset. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and agreement of the NHIS criteria for defining T2DM by comparing them with the KNHANES criteria as a standard reference.
Results
In the study population (n=13,006), two algorithms were devised to determine from the NHIS dataset whether the diagnostic claim codes for T2DM were accompanied by prescription codes for anti-diabetic drugs (algorithm 1) or not (algorithm 2). Using these algorithms, the prevalence of T2DM was 14.9% (n=1,942; algorithm 1) and 20.8% (n=2,707; algorithm 2). Good reliability in defining T2DM was observed for both algorithms (Kappa index, 0.73 [algorithm 1], 0.63 [algorithm 2]). However, the accuracy (0.93 vs. 0.89) and specificity (0.96 vs. 0.90) tended to be higher for algorithm 1 than for algorithm 2. The validity (accuracy, ranging from 0.91 to 0.95) and reliability (Kappa index, ranging from 0.68 to 0.78) of defining T2DM by NHIS criteria were independent of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and accompanied hypertension or dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
The operational definition of T2DM based on population-based NHIS claims data, including diagnostic codes and prescription codes, could be a valid tool to identify individuals with T2DM in the Korean population.

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Drug/Regimen
Real-World Prescription Patterns and Barriers Related to the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors among Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Jong Ha Baek, Ye Seul Yang, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Jae Hyeon Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Jong Han Choi, Kyu Yeon Hur, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(5):701-712. Published online June 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0002

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Background
To evaluate prescription trends and clinical factors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use according to the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure (HF) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
Prescription patterns of SGLT2i use between 2015 and 2019 were determined using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database of claims.
Results
Of all patients with T2DM (n=4,736,493), the annual prescription rate of SGLT2i increased every year in patients with ASCVD (from 2.2% to 10.7%) or HF (from 2.0% to 11.1%). After the first hospitalization for ASCVD (n=518,572), 13.7% (n=71,259) of patients initiated SGLT2i with a median of 10.6 months. After hospitalization for HF (n=372,853), 11.2% (n=41,717) of patients initiated SGLT2i after a median of 8.8 months. In multivariate regression for hospitalization, older age (per 10 years, odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.57), lower household income (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.95), rural residents (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.97), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) users (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.84) were associated with lesser initiation of SGLT2i in ASCVD. Additionally, female gender (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.99) was associated with lesser initiation of SGLT2i in HF.
Conclusion
The prescription rate of SGLT2i increased gradually up to 2019 but was suboptimal in patients with ASCVD or HF. After the first hospitalization for ASCVD or HF, older age, female gender, low household income, rural residents, and DPP-4i users were less likely to initiate SGLT2i.

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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea 2021: Jae Hyun Bae, Kyung-Do Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ye Seul Yang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Mook Choi, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyu Chang Won, on Behalf of the Committee of Media-Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):417-426. Published online May 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0106

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus, risk-factor control, and comorbidities among Korean adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, comorbidities, and self-management behaviors of diabetes mellitus from 2019 to 2020. We also analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service to evaluate the use of antidiabetic medications in people with diabetes mellitus from 2002 through 2018.
Results
Among Korean adults aged 30 years or older, the estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 16.7% in 2020. From 2019 through 2020, 65.8% of adults with diabetes mellitus were aware of the disease and treated with antidiabetic medications. The percentage of adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% was 24.5% despite the increased use of new antidiabetic medications. We found that adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved all three goals of HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure (BP) <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL were 9.7%. The percentage of self-management behaviors was lower in men than women. Excess energy intake was observed in 16.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults remained high. Only 9.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus achieved all glycemic, BP, and lipid controls from 2019 to 2020. Continuous evaluation of national diabetes statistics and a national effort to increase awareness of diabetes mellitus and improve comprehensive diabetes care are needed.

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Eun‐Jung Shim, Sang Jin Park, Gyu Hyeong Im, Ruth A. Hackett, Paola Zaninotto, Andrew Steptoe
British Journal of Health Psychology.2024; 29(4): 1000. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 790. CrossRef
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2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 531. CrossRef
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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e59571. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 929. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(3): 257. CrossRef
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(4): 622. CrossRef
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Clinical Hypertension.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(11): 5065. CrossRef
The association between health literacy and screening for disease-specific complications among community-dwelling adults with diabetes
Fatima Nari, Jae Kwan Jun, Kyoung Hee Oh, Wonjeong Jeong
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pioglitazone as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Dapagliflozin and Metformin: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 937. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 915. CrossRef
Adherence to the nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Jong Han Choi, Chen Lulu, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nutrition Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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European Journal of Cancer.2024; 213: 114312. CrossRef
National trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by central adiposity using waist-to-height ratio in South Korea, 2005–2022
Hyunjee Kim, Seoyoung Park, Jaeyu Park, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Yesol Yim, Hyesu Jo, Kyeongmin Lee, Yi Deun Jeong, Jiyeon Oh, Hanseul Cho, Damiano Pizzol, Jiyoung Hwang, Lee Smith, Dong Keon Yon
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) 2518 A/G Polymorphism with Obesity in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sangshin Park, Dong-Hwa Lee, Shinyoung Lee, Hyun Jeong Jeon
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 3917. CrossRef
Association between the duration of oral contraceptive use and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2021
Mikyung Ryu
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2024; 41(3): 73. CrossRef
Insulin Resistance and Impaired Insulin Secretion Predict Incident Diabetes: A Statistical Matching Application to the Two Korean Nationwide, Population-Representative Cohorts
Hyemin Jo, Soyeon Ahn, Jung Hun Ohn, Cheol Min Shin, Eunjeong Ji, Donggil Kim, Sung Jae Jung, Joongyub Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 711. CrossRef
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Clinical Hypertension.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of relative handgrip strength on the development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Koreans
Yeo Ju Sohn, Hong Soo Lee, Hasuk Bae, Hee Cheol Kang, Hyejin Chun, Insun Ryou, Eun Jee Chang, Sungchan Kang, Sang Wha Lee, Kyung Won Shim, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda
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Paradigm shift from glucocentric to organ protection for the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
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당뇨병 치료의 진화: 관해를 향해가는 혁신적 약물치료와 첨단 관리기기의 결합
종한 최, 민경 문
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Association between alcohol consumption and risk of developing tuberculosis in patients with diabetes: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
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Respiratory Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(11): 686. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Statistics in Korea: Nationwide Data 2010 to 2019
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(6): 1084. CrossRef
Long‐Term Effects of an Automated Personalized Self‐Care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Lean diabetes: 20-year trends in its prevalence and clinical features among Korean adults
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Adherence to ADA Clinical Guidelines in Type 2 Diabetes Management in Public Health Clinics in Palestine
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Patient Preference and Adherence.2024; Volume 18: 2667. CrossRef
Risk of Pancreatic Cancer and Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 426. CrossRef
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Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kyung Ae Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Min Kyong Moon, Dae Jung Kim
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Sex differences in the impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis recurrence: a retrospective national cohort study
Dararat Eksombatchai, Dawoon Jeong, Jeongha Mok, Doosoo Jeon, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2023; 127: 1. CrossRef
Response to Letter to the Editor From Han and Xu: “Association Between DPP4 Inhibitor Use and the Incidence of Cirrhosis, ESRD, and Some Cancers in Patients With Diabetes”
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Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
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Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(1): 12. CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Patients With Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
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Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
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Evaluation and Management of Patients with Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(1): 38. CrossRef
Insulin Fact Sheet in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Trends of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Insulin Users with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002 to 2019
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 211. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 201. CrossRef
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(1): 29. CrossRef
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(8): 2899. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nutrients.2023; 15(10): 2248. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(3): 307. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(3): 347. CrossRef
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(3): 248. CrossRef
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Nutrients.2023; 15(12): 2786. CrossRef
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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(7): 421. CrossRef
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110866. CrossRef
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110864. CrossRef
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Journal of the American Heart Association.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Diabetes Care.2023; 46(9): 1700. CrossRef
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Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(4): 234. CrossRef
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Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(4): 377. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120. CrossRef
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 525. CrossRef
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(4): 173. CrossRef
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Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2022; 4(3): 106. CrossRef
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Association Between DPP4 Inhibitor Use and the Incidence of Cirrhosis, ESRD, and Some Cancers in Patients With Diabetes
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Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension: Jong Han Choi, Yoon Jeong Cho, Hyun-Jin Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Suk Chon, Jee-Hyun Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Ga Eun Nam, Kwang Il Kim, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO), Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Committee of Food and Nutrition, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), Policy Committee of Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH), Policy Development Committee of National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK); Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):355-376. Published online May 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0038

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Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.

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Original Articles

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Current Status of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Achievement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Compared with Recent Guidelines: Soo Jin Yun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jin-Hye Cha, Juneyoung Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sung Hee Choi, SungWan Chun, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Gwanpyo Koh, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Sungrae Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):464-475. Published online March 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0088

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Background
We evaluated the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to up-to-date Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), and American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study collected electronic medical record data from patients with T2DM (≥20 years) managed by endocrinologists from 15 hospitals in Korea (January to December 2019). Patients were categorized according to guidelines to assess LDL-C target achievement. KDA (2019): Very High-I (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD]) <70 mg/dL; Very High-II (target organ damage [TOD], or cardiovascular risk factors [CVRFs]) <70 mg/dL; high (others) <100 mg/dL. ESC/EAS (2019): Very High-I (ASCVD): <55 mg/dL; Very High-II (TOD or ≥3-CVRF) <55 mg/dL; high (diabetes ≥10 years without TOD plus any CVRF) <70 mg/dL; moderate (diabetes <10 years without CVRF) <100 mg/dL. ADA (2019): Very High-I (ASCVD); Very High-II (age ≥40+ TOD, or any CVRF), for high intensity statin or statin combined with ezetimibe.
Results
Among 2,000 T2DM patients (mean age 62.6 years; male 55.9%; mean glycosylated hemoglobin 7.2%) ASCVD prevalence was 24.7%. Of 1,455 (72.8%) patients treated with statins, 73.9% received monotherapy. According to KDA guidelines, LDL-C target achievement rates were 55.2% in Very High-I and 34.9% in Very High-II patients. With ESC/EAS guidelines, target attainment rates were 26.6% in Very High-I, 15.7% in Very High-II, and 25.9% in high risk patients. Based on ADA guidelines, most patients (78.9%) were very-high risk; however, only 15.5% received high-intensity statin or combination therapy.
Conclusion
According to current dyslipidemia management guidelines, LDL-C goal achievement remains suboptimal in Korean patients with T2DM.

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Reshaping the cardiovascular continuum in the management of arterial and venous cardiovascular disease: a narrative review
Khadija Hafidh, Melina Vega de Ceniga, Leonardo De Luca, Claudio Borghi
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ROsulord® sAfety for Patients with Dyslipidemia Study: A Non-interventional, Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study in South Korea
Do Young Kim, Sung Hea Kim, Eung-Ju Kim, Sang-Jin Han, Ji-Yeong Park, Jong-Chan Youn, Hee-Seok Kim, Ji-Eun Jeong, Kyu-Hyung Ryu
Cardiology and Therapy.2025; 14(1): 17. CrossRef
Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies
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Remnant Cholesterol Levels at Diagnosis May Predict Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence During Follow-Up in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
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Lipid Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Continuous Quality Improvement Study
Andreia G Sousa, Daniela de Azevedo, Suzie Leandro, Marta S Ferreira, Tiago A Correia, Mariana Sá, Diana Capela
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Lipid management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis of a hospital-based series
João D. Martins, Débora Silveira, Henrique Pina, Inês Manique, Sílvia Guerra, Cristina Valadas
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición.2025; : 501674. CrossRef
Risk factor control and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Do Kyeong Song, Young Sun Hong, Yeon-Ah Sung, Hyejin Lee, Hidetaka Hamasaki
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John McCaffrey, Samira Barbara Jabakhanji, Roopa Mehta, Steven James, Maisoon Mairghani, Dominika Bhatia, Hazel Ní Chonchubhair, Killian Walsh, Barbara Clyne, Edward W. Gregg
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Umberto Capece, Chiara Iacomini, Teresa Mezza, Alfredo Cesario, Carlotta Masciocchi, Stefano Patarnello, Andrea Giaccari, Nicoletta Di Giorgi
Lipids in Health and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Combination of Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Moderate-Intensity Statin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Nam Hoon Kim, Juneyoung Lee, Suk Chon, Jae Myung Yu, In-Kyung Jeong, Soo Lim, Won Jun Kim, Keeho Song, Ho Chan Cho, Hea Min Yu, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Sang Soo Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Chong Hwa Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Yong‐ho Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Sihoon Lee, Heung Yong J
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 722. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(1): 12. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
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Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
Association between carotid atherosclerosis and presence of intracranial atherosclerosis using three-dimensional high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes
Ji Eun Jun, You-Cheol Hwang, Kyu Jeong Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Geon-Ho Jahng, Soonchan Park, In-Kyung Jeong, Chang-Woo Ryu
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 191: 110067. CrossRef

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Reproductive Life Span and Severe Hypoglycemia Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Soyeon Kang, Yong-Moon Park, Dong Jin Kwon, Youn-Jee Chung, Jeong Namkung, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(4):578-591. Published online January 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0135

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Background
Estrogen promotes glucose homeostasis, enhances insulin sensitivity, and maintains counterregulatory responses in recurrent hypoglycemia in women of reproductive age. Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) might be more vulnerable to severe hypoglycemia (SH) events. However, the relationship between reproductive factors and SH occurrence in T2DM remains unelucidated.
Methods
This study included data on 181,263 women with postmenopausal T2DM who participated in a national health screening program from January 1 to December 31, 2009, obtained using the Korean National Health Insurance System database. Outcome data were obtained until December 31, 2018. Associations between reproductive factors and SH incidence were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
During the mean follow-up of 7.9 years, 11,279 (6.22%) postmenopausal women with T2DM experienced SH episodes. A longer reproductive life span (RLS) (≥40 years) was associated with a lower SH risk compared to a shorter RLS (<30 years) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 0.80; P for trend <0.001) after multivariable adjustment. SH risk decreased with every 5-year increment of RLS (with <30 years as a reference [adjusted HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.95; P=0.0001 for 30−34 years], [adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.84; P<0.001 for 35−39 years], [adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.81; P<0.001 for ≥40 years]). The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with a lower SH risk than HRT nonuse.
Conclusion
Extended exposure to endogenous ovarian hormone during lifetime may decrease the number of SH events in women with T2DM after menopause.

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Review

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):461-481. Published online July 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156

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The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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A Multicenter, Randomized, Open‐Label Study to Compare the Effects of Gemigliptin Add‐on or Escalation of Metformin Dose on Glycemic Control and Safety in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and SGLT‐2 Inh
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Real-World Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data from a Population with Type 1 Diabetes in South Korea: Nationwide Single-System Analysis
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Association between Dyslipidemia and Glycated Hemoglobin in a Population-Based Study
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Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Effect of Pravastatin on Kidney Function in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
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Demand and Requirements for a Digital Healthcare System to Manage Gestational Diabetes in Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Survey
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Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 and liver-related complications in individuals with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization and population-based cohort study
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Health and Productivity Benefits with Early Intensified Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Korea
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Efficacy and tolerability of initial triple combination therapy with metformin, dapagliflozin and saxagliptin compared with stepwise add‐on therapy in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (TRIPLE‐AXEL study): A multicentre, randomized, 104‐week, open‐
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Diagnostic performance of non-invasive tests in patients with MetALD in a health check-up cohort
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Assessment of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding exercise for patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
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Information and Communications Technology–Based Monitoring Service for Tailored Chronic Disease Management in Primary Care: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Based on ICT-CM Trial Results
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Serum Homocysteine Levels and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Korean Adult Men: A Cohort Study
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Recent Findings on Exercise Therapy for Blood Glucose Management in Patients with Gestational Diabetes
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Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
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Long-Term Glycemic Control Improvement After the Home and Self-Care Program for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Real-World–Based Cohort Study
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Association between the duration of oral contraceptive use and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2021
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Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Renal Functions and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Paradigm shift from glucocentric to organ protection for the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Association between elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and cognitive impairment in older Korean adults: 2009–2010 Ansan cohort of the Korean genome and epidemiology study
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Efficacy of intermittent short‐term use of a real‐time continuous glucose monitoring system in non‐insulin–treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
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Therapeutic Effects of Switching to Anagliptin from Other DPP-4 Inhibitors in T2DM Patients with Inadequate Glycemic Control: A Non-interventional, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter Observational Study
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Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Accompanied by Abdominal Obesity Additively Increases the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes
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Diabetes screening in South Korea: a new estimate of the number needed to screen to detect diabetes
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Justicia carnea extracts ameliorated hepatocellular damage in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rats via decrease in oxidative stress, inflammation and increasing other risk markers
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Anagliptin twice‐daily regimen improves glycaemic variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
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Implementation of five machine learning methods to predict the 52-week blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes
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The Efficacy of Treatment Intensification by Quadruple Oral Therapy Compared to GLP-1RA Therapy in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-world Data Study
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Safety and Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Nationwide Post-Marketing Surveillance
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Evaluation and Management of Patients With Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
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Influenza vaccination trend and related factors among patients with diabetes in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database
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Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
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Association between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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Analysis of the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes, Requirement of Insulin Treatment, and Diabetes-Related Complications among Patients with Cancer
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The 2022 focused update of the 2018 Korean Hypertension Society Guidelines for the management of hypertension
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Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Health Insurance Database in South Korea–based retrospective cohort study
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Intensified Multifactorial Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Association between antidiabetic drugs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
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Totally robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a morbidly obese patient in Korea: a case report
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Effect of diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements with allulose on weight and glycemic profiles in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients
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Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Changes in Glycemic Status Among Individuals With Prediabetes
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Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial
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Adjusting the Use of Glucose-Lowering Agents in the Real-World Clinical Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
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The association of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and kidney function in Korean adolescents using data from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018–2020): a cross-sectional study
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A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dapagliflozin Formate, an Ester Prodrug of Dapagliflozin, to Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate in Healthy Subjects
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Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2023; Volume 17: 1203. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with enavogliflozin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results of a 12‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial
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An Integrated Digital Health Care Platform for Diabetes Management With AI-Based Dietary Management: 48-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Performance of Simple Fibrosis Score in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with and without Type 2 Diabetes
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Correlation analysis of cancer incidence after pravastatin treatment
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Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin versus glimepiride on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin: The gemi‐heart study
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The era of continuous glucose monitoring and its expanded role in type 2 diabetes
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Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control and its derived metrics in type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study
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Impact of mental disorders on the risk of heart failure among Korean patients with diabetes: a cohort study
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Chronic disease management program applied to type 2 diabetes patients and prevention of diabetic complications: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide data
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Fatty Liver & Diabetes Statistics in Korea: Nationwide Data 2009 to 2017
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Opening the Precision Diabetes Care through Digital Healthcare
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Glycemia according to the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A Real-World Study
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Navigating the Seas of Glycemic Control: The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Lost in translation: assessing the nomenclature change for diabetic kidney disease in Japan
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Topic Modeling Analysis of Diabetes-Related Health Information during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic
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Healthcare.2023; 11(13): 1871. CrossRef
Screening Test for Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes
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Paradigm Shift in Management of Hyperglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Glucocentric versus Organ Protection
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Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression among Korean midlife women: a cross-sectional analysis study
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Fibrotic Burden in the Liver Differs Across Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Subtypes
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Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus
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Identification of individuals at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: screening for clinically significant liver fibrosis in patients with T2DM
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Additive impact of diabetes and sarcopenia on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A longitudinal nationwide population-based study
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Risk of Pancreatic Cancer and Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis
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Incident infection risks depending on oral antidiabetic exposure in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients
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Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022
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Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020
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Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
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Brief Report

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Short-Term Effects of the Internet-Based Korea Diabetes Prevention Study: 6-Month Results of a Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial: Jin-Hee Lee, Sun-Young Lim, Seon-Ah Cha, Chan-Jung Han, Ah Reum Jung, Kook-Rye Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):960-965. Published online March 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0225

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The aims of this study were to determine the short-term effectiveness of an internet-based lifestyle modification (LSM) program in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in prediabetes patients in community settings. A total of 415 subjects who were diagnosed with prediabetes were randomly assigned to the LSM and standard management (SM) groups. After the 6-month intervention, the LSM group had a statistically significant reduction in body weight, body mass index compared to the SM group participants. In the LSM group, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after intervention and the clinical improvement effect was evident in the group that achieved the target weight loss of 5% or more of the initial weight for 6 months. Internet-based 6-month-intensive LSM programs conducted by public health center personnel are an effective way to provide lifestyle intervention programs and encourage maintenance of healthy behaviors in subjects with a high risk of T2DM in community settings.

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Original Article

Basic Research
Hypoxia Increases β-Cell Death by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells within the Islet: Jong Jin Kim, Esder Lee, Gyeong Ryul Ryu, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ki-Ho Song; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(6):919-927. Published online May 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0181

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Hypoxia can occur in pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated during hypoxia. Here we aimed to investigate whether PSCs within the islet are also activated in hypoxia, causing β-cell injury.

Methods

Islet and primary PSCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, and cultured in normoxia (21% O₂) or hypoxia (1% O₂). The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as measured by immunostaining and Western blotting, was used as a marker of PSC activation. Conditioned media (hypoxia-CM) were obtained from PSCs cultured in hypoxia.

Results

Islets and PSCs cultured in hypoxia exhibited higher expressions of α-SMA than did those cultured in normoxia. Hypoxia increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the hypoxia-induced PSC activation in islets and PSCs. Islets cultured in hypoxia-CM showed a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis.

Conclusion

PSCs within the islet are activated in hypoxia through oxidative stress and promote islet cell death, suggesting that hypoxia-induced PSC activation may contribute to β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Review

Clinical Care/Education
2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo-Yeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Junghyun Noh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seok-O Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Suk Chon, Min Kyong Moon, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Kang-Woo Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Rhee, SungWan Chun, Sung Hoon Yu, Dae Jung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyong Soo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):398-406. Published online August 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0137

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the 6th Clinical Practice Guidelines in 2019. Targets of glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were updated. The obese and overweight population is increasing steadily in Korea, and half of the Koreans with diabetes are obese. Evidence-based recommendations for weight-loss therapy for obesity management as treatment for hyperglycemia in T2DM were provided. In addition, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations.

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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia as a preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Soo-Yeon Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(2): 263. CrossRef
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2020: An Appraisal of Current Status
Chan-Hee Jung, Jang Won Son, Shinae Kang, Won Jun Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Mihae Seo, Hye-Jung Shin, Seong-Su Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Yongin Cho, Seung Jin Han, Hyang Mi Jang, Mira Rho, Shinbi Lee, Mihyun Koo, Been Yoo, Jung-Wha Moon, Hye Young Lee, Ja
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Estimation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor–related genital and urinary tract infections via electronic medical record–based common data model
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2021; 46(4): 975. CrossRef
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Two Formulations of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Gemigliptin/Rosuvastatin 50/20 mg: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Two-Way Crossover Study
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Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2021; Volume 15: 651. CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes
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Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jin-Hee Lee, Suk Chon, Seon-Ah Cha, Sun-Young Lim, Kook-Rye Kim, Jae-Seung Yun, Sang Youl Rhee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yu-Bae Ahn, Jeong-Taek Woo, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(2): 382. CrossRef
Simple Sugar Intake in Diabetics and Non-Diabetic Patients Who Visit Primary Care Clinic
Seo Young Park, Geun Bae Moon, Young Sik Kim, Seung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(1): 29. CrossRef
Effect of Teneligliptin versus Sulfonylurea on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study in Korea
Da Hea Seo, Kyoung Hwa Ha, So Hun Kim, Dae Jung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 70. CrossRef
Best Achievements in Clinical Medicine in Diabetes and Dyslipidemia in 2020
Eun-Jung Rhee, Mee-Kyung Kim, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 41. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control Amongst Rural Residents with Diabetes in Korea
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Diabetes and Stroke
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(1): 26. CrossRef
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Global Health & Medicine.2021; 3(3): 134. CrossRef
Cumulative exposure to impaired fasting glucose and future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Eun Sil Koh, Oak-Kee Hong, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 175: 108799. CrossRef
No Relevant Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin and Lobeglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, in Healthy Subjects
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Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2021; Volume 15: 1725. CrossRef
Comparative Renal Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Individual Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Jae Hyun Bae, Eun-Gee Park, Sunhee Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Seokyung Hahn, Nam Hoon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(2): 388. CrossRef
The Association Between Second-Line Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication on Types of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Real-World Longitudinal Study
Won Jun Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.2021; 81(3): 1263. CrossRef
Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management Using a Mobile Application Integrated with Electronic Medical Records: An Ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5300. CrossRef
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle-Containing Colorimetric Contact Lenses for Noninvasively Monitoring Human Tear Glucose
Sijin Park, Juil Hwang, Hee-Jae Jeon, Woo Ri Bae, In-Kyung Jeong, Tae Gi Kim, Jaheon Kang, Young-Geun Han, Euiheon Chung, Dong Yun Lee
ACS Applied Nano Materials.2021; 4(5): 5198. CrossRef
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Classification and Prediction on the Effects of Nutritional Intake on Overweight/Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Deep Learning Model: 4–7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5597. CrossRef
Comparison of insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL on glycemic control and hypoglycemic events in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A Patient-level meta-analysis of phase 3 studies
Linong Ji, Yan Bi, Shandong Ye, Yun Huang, Xia Zhang, Shuhua Shang, Nan Cui, Huiqiu Yin, Minlu Zhang
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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Ameliorate Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Korean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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International Journal of General Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 3833. CrossRef
The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) as a Predictor of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease: A Longitudinal Study among Korean without Diabetes
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Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim,
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The Effects of Dietary Education Interventions on Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Treatment Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Assessed Using a Common Data Model Based on Electronic Health Records of 2000–2019
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Non-Laboratory-Based Simple Screening Model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Developed Using Multi-Center Cohorts
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High Fibrosis-4 Index Is Related with Worse Clinical Outcome in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Observational Study
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Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans
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Framingham Risk Score Assessment in Subjects with Pre-diabetes and Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
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How Can We Adopt the Glucose Tolerance Test to Facilitate Predicting Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
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Comparisons of Neuropsychological Characteristics of Elderly Subjects With Versus Without History of Agent Orange Exposure
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Uric Acid Variability as a Predictive Marker of Newly Developed Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
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Effects of Co‐administration of Sulfonylureas and Antimicrobial Drugs on Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using a Case‐Crossover Design
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Diabetic kidney disease: seven questions
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
The Use of Mobile Personal Health Records for Hemoglobin A1c Regulation in Patients With Diabetes: Retrospective Observational Study
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Non-glucose risk factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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Endocrine.2020; 70(3): 465. CrossRef
An Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Lobeglitazone and Sitagliptin After Multiple Oral Administrations in Healthy Men
Seol Ju Moon, Kyung-Sang Yu, Min-Gul Kim
Clinical Therapeutics.2020; 42(6): 1047. CrossRef
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Diabetes in Daegu, South Korea
Mi Kyung Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Sung-Woo Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Nan Hee Cho, Eugene Han, Ji Hong You, Ji Yeon Lee, Miri Hyun, Jae Seok Park, Yong Shik Kwon, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Ki Tae Kwon, Shin Yup Lee, Eon Ju Jeon, Jin-Woo Kim, Hyo-Lim Hong, Hyun Hee Kwon, Chi Yo
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The Risk of Diabetes on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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A model to predict risk of stroke in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes generated from a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
Mee-Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 163: 108157. CrossRef
Effects of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Variability on Health Outcomes
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 217. CrossRef
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor for Renal Function Preservation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement
Tae Jung Oh, Ju-Young Moon, Kyu Yeon Hur, Seung Hyun Ko, Hyun Jung Kim, Taehee Kim, Dong Won Lee, Min Kyong Moon
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Metformin Treatment for Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement
Kyu Yeon Hur, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Miyeun Han, Dong Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(1): 3. CrossRef
Prevalence and Current Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults Based on Fact Sheets
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(1): 85. CrossRef
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Rohit Jain, Hassan Awal, Sabyasachi Sen
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Fibrates Revisited: Potential Role in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(2): 213. CrossRef
Metformin treatment for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology consensus statement
Kyu Yeon Hur, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Miyeun Han, Dong Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
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Generation of iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy control
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Stem Cell Research.2020; 48: 101958. CrossRef
Glucose-Lowering Effect of Home-Delivered Therapeutic Meals in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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Subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the first trimester of pregnancy: ‘Disease’ versus physiological (pulsatile) variation in TSH concentrations
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Usefulness of carotid ultrasonography and treatment of carotid disease
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Sang Ouk Chin, In Gyoon Ha, Sang Youl Rhee, Su Jin Jeong, Suk Chon, Sung Hoon Kim, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Moon Suk Nam, Kwan Woo Lee, Jeong Taek Woo
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Prepregnancy smoking and the risk of gestational diabetes requiring insulin therapy
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Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Abdominal Obesity: An Asian Perspective and Expert Recommendations
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Effect of roux-en Y gastric bypass surgery on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Comparison and Implication of the Contemporary Blood Pressure Guidelines on Korean Population
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Korean Circulation Journal.2020; 50(6): 485. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of evogliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, active‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind study with open‐label extension (the EVERGREEN study)
Gyuri Kim, Soo Lim, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon, Ie B. Park, Kyu J. Ahn, Cheol‐Young Park, Su K. Kwon, Hye S. Kim, Seok W. Park, Sin G. Kim, Min K. Moon, Eun S. Kim, Choon H. Chung, Kang S. Park, Mikyung Kim, Dong J. Chung, Chang B. Lee, Tae H. Kim, Moon‐Kyu Lee
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Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2020; 26(4): 430. CrossRef
Predicting the Development of Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Risk Model Generated from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hun-Sung Kim, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Kun-Ho Yoon, Mee Kyoung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 636. CrossRef
Fasting Plasma Glucose Level Independently Predicts the Mortality of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
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Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor for renal function preservation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology consensus statement
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Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 39(3): 269. CrossRef
Dynamic changes in nocturnal blood glucose levels are associated with sleep-related features in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
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Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 4113. CrossRef
A prospective cohort study on effects of gemigliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (OPTIMUS study)
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Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines to identify recommendations for sleep in type 2 diabetes mellitus management
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The risk factors for treatment-related mortality within first three months after kidney transplantation
Ye Na Kim, Do Hyoung Kim, Ho Sik Shin, Sangjin Lee, Nuri Lee, Min-Jeong Park, Wonkeun Song, Seri Jeong, Robert Jeenchen Chen
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The triglyceride glucose index is a simple and low-cost marker associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a population-based study
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Eugene Han, Sun Ok Song, Hye Soon Kim, Kang Ju Son, Sun Ha Jee, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
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Letter: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Other Antidiabetic Drugs Added to Metformin Monotherapy in Diabetic Retinopathy Progression: A Real World-Based Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:640–8)
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(6): 911. CrossRef
Differences in prevalence of hypertension subtypes according to the 2018 Korean Society of Hypertension and 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017 (
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Adult Stem Cells: Beyond Regenerative Tool, More as a Bio-Marker in Obesity and Diabetes
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Original Article

Complications
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Predicts Higher HbA1c Variability in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Yeoree Yang, Eun-Young Lee, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Bong-Yun Cha, Seung-Hwan Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(6):496-512. Published online September 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0026

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Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between the presence and severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and development of long-term glucose fluctuation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) at baseline and at least 4-year of follow-up with ≥6 measures of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were included. The severity of CAN was categorized as normal, early, or severe CAN according to the CARTs score. HbA1c variability was measured as the standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation, and adjusted SD of serial HbA1c measurements.

Results

A total of 681 subjects were analyzed (294 normal, 318 early, and 69 severe CAN). The HbA1c variability index values showed a positive relationship with the severity of CAN. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that CAN was significantly associated with the risk of developing higher HbA1c variability (SD) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, mean HbA1c, heart rate, glomerular filtration rate, diabetic retinopathy, coronary artery disease, insulin use, and anti-hypertensive medication (early CAN: odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.43) (severe CAN: OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.47 to 5.56). This association was more prominent in subjects who had a longer duration of diabetes (>10 years) and lower mean HbA1c (<7%).

Conclusion

CAN is an independent risk factor for future higher HbA1c variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tailored therapy for stabilizing glucose fluctuation should be emphasized in subjects with CAN.

Citations

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Reviews

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Past and Current Status of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis: Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Yong-ho Lee, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Dae-Jung Kim, Chang Hee Jung, Ki-Up Lee, Kyung-Soo Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(2):93-100. Published online April 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.93

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Korea's National Healthcare Program, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), a government-affiliated agency under the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, covers the entire Korean population. The NHIS supervises all medical services in Korea and establishes a systematic National Health Information database (DB). A health information DB system including all of the claims, medications, death information, and health check-ups, both in the general population and in patients with various diseases, is not common worldwide. On June 9, 2014, the NHIS signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) to provide limited open access to its DB. By October 31, 2017, seven papers had been published through this collaborative research project. These studies were conducted to investigate the past and current status of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications and management in Korea. This review is a brief summary of the collaborative projects between the KDA and the NHIS over the last 3 years. According to the analysis, the national health check-up DB or claim DB were used, and the age category or study period were differentially applied.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association: Hyun Jin Kim, Seok O Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Youl Rhee, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Kyung Mook Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(6):423-429. Published online December 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.423

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The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were recommended as a monotherapy or combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents or basal insulin in the position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association 2017 for pharmacological therapy. Many randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews report that GLP-1RAs have considerable glucose-lowering effect and lead to weight reduction and low risk of hypoglycemia when used as a monotherapy or combination therapy. The cardiovascular safety of GLP-1RAs has been assessed in several randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials of long-acting GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide) demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The GLP-1RA may be a choice of therapy when weight control and avoidance of hypoglycemia are important, and patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease might also favor choosing GLP-1RA.

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Yang Liu, Zhaoxiang Yu, Yunlong Yang, Zhihan Lv
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The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes in Asia
Ju-Ming Lu
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A Review of Practical Issues on the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Irene Romera, Ana Cebrián-Cuenca, Fernando Álvarez-Guisasola, Fernando Gomez-Peralta, Jesús Reviriego
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017: Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):367-373. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.367

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The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) has regularly updated its Clinical Practice Guidelines. In 2017, the KDA published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Growing evidence from new multinational clinical trials using novel and traditional insulin analogues has also been accumulated. Following global trends, many results of clinical trials, especially concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin therapy, have been published about Korean patients with T2DM. After a systematic search of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the initiation, choice, and intensification of insulin and created an insulin treatment algorithm for the first time to guide physicians caring for adult Korean patients with T2DM.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Combination Therapy of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Min Kyong Moon, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan-Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):357-366. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.357

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The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) recently updated the Clinical Practice Guidelines on antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), general recommendations were not changed from those of the 2015 KDA guidelines. The Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines of the KDA has extensively reviewed and discussed the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of effectiveness and safety of OHAs and many clinical trials on Korean patients with T2DM for the update of guidelines. All OHAs were effective when added to metformin or metformin and sulfonylurea, although the effects of each agent on body weight and hypoglycemia were different. Therefore, selection of a second agent as a metformin add-on therapy or third agent as a metformin and sulfonylurea add-on therapy should be based on the patient's clinical characteristics and the efficacy, side effects, mechanism of action, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, patient preference, and combined comorbidity. In this review, we address the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, comparing the effectiveness and safety among OHAs. It will help to choose the appropriate drug for an individual patient with T2DM.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):349-356. Published online October 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.349

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In order to improve the quality of life and to prevent chronic complications related to diabetes mellitus, intensive lifestyle modification and proper medication are needed from the early stage of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When using the first medication for diabetic patients, the appropriate treatment should be selected considering the clinical characteristics of the patient, efficacy of the drug, side effects, and cost. In general, the use of metformin as the first treatment for oral hypoglycemic monotherapy is recommended because of its excellent blood glucose-lowering effect, relatively low side effects, long-term proven safety, low risk of hypoglycemia, and low weight gain. If metformin is difficult to use as a first-line treatment, other appropriate medications should be selected in view of the clinical situation. If the goal of achieving glycemic control is not achieved by monotherapy, a combination therapy with different mechanisms of action should be initiated promptly.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association: Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):337-348. Published online October 17, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.337

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In 2017, the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The KDA regularly updates its Clinical Practice Guidelines, but since the last update in 2015, many results from clinical trials have been introduced, and domestic data from studies performed in Korean patients with T2DM have been published. Recently, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations. Additionally, new data from clinical trials using dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones in Korean patients with T2DM were added. Following a systematic review and assessment of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the use of antihyperglycemic agents and revised the treatment algorithm for Korean adult patients with T2DM.

Citations

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Original Article

Epidemiology
Depression and Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2003 to 2013: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Jong-Hyun Jeong, Yoo Hyun Um, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jong-Heon Park, Joong-Yeol Park, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(4):296-302. Published online August 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.296

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Background

Previous reports have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes mellitus (DM), accentuating a need for more intensive depression screening in DM patients. There is a relative paucity of data on the mortality of depressed DM patients in Korea.

Methods

Retrospective data from January 2003 to December 2013 were collected for adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients older than 30 years using the National Health Information database maintained by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Demographic characteristics were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the annual prevalence of depression was estimated. Mortality rates and hazard ratios for each age group (stratified into six age groups) of patients diagnosed with T2DM in 2003 were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard method, with the Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve showing the overall survival rates according to the T2DM status until the given year of 2013.

Results

The annual prevalence of depression was consistently higher in T2DM group from 2003 to 2013. The mortality hazard ratio was higher in the depressed in all age groups, and the risk was higher in male groups and in younger-aged groups.

Conclusion

Depression was significantly associated with a high mortality risk in T2DM patients; hence, a more systematic surveillance of T2DM patients to identify risk factors for depression might contribute significantly to reducing mortality risk in this group of patients.

Citations

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Response

Response: Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:482-93): Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(1):77-78. Published online February 16, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.1.77

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Original Articles

Clinical Care/Education
Reduction of Sulfonylurea with the Initiation of Basal Insulin in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Sulfonylurea-Based Treatment: Yeoree Yang, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae Kyung Yang, Seung-Hwan Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Jae-Hyoung Cho; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):454-462. Published online October 11, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.454

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Background

There were a limited number of studies about β-cell function after insulin initiation in patients exposed to long durations of sulfonylurea treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the recovery of β-cell function and the efficacy of concurrent sulfonylurea use after the start of long-acting insulin.

Methods

In this randomized controlled study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), receiving sulfonylurea for at least 2 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7%, were randomly assigned to two groups: sulfonylurea maintenance (SM) and sulfonylurea reduction (SR). Following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), we administered long-acting basal insulin to the two groups. After a 6-month follow-up, we repeated the OGTT.

Results

Among 69 enrolled patients, 57 completed the study and were analyzed: 31 in the SM and 26 in the SR group. At baseline, there was no significant difference except for the longer duration of diabetes and lower triglycerides in the SR group. After 6 months, the HbA1c was similarly reduced in both groups, but there was little difference in the insulin dose. In addition, insulin secretion during OGTT was significantly increased by 20% to 30% in both groups. A significant weight gain was observed in the SM group only. The insulinogenic index was more significantly improved in the SR group.

Conclusion

Long-acting basal insulin replacement could improve the glycemic status and restore β-cell function in the T2DM patients undergoing sulfonylurea-based treatment, irrespective of the sulfonylurea dose reduction. The dose reduction of the concurrent sulfonylurea might be beneficial with regard to weight grain.

Citations

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Gregory R. Fulcher, Shahid Akhtar, Saleh J. Al-Jaser, Johan Medina, Mafauzy Mohamed, Nemencio A. Nicodemus, Anne Helene Olsen, Kiran P. Singh, Adri Kok
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Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 367. CrossRef
Insulin therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 967. CrossRef

Complications
Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seon-Ah Cha, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ki-Ho Song, Jin A Choi, Jinwoo Kwon, Donghyun Jee, Yang Kyung Cho, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):482-493. Published online October 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.482

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Background

We investigated clinical course and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 759 patients with T2DM without DR were included from January 2001 to December 2004. Retinopathy evaluation was performed at least annually by ophthalmologists. The severity of the DR was classified into five categories according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scales.

Results

Of the 759 patients, 523 patients (68.9%) completed the follow-up evaluation. During the follow-up period, 235 patients (44.9%) developed DR, and 32 patients (13.6%) progressed to severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR). The mean duration of diabetes at the first diagnosis of mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR or PDR were 14.8, 16.7, and 17.3 years, respectively. After adjusting multiple confounding factors, the significant risk factors for the incidence of DR risk in patients with T2DM were old age, longer duration of diabetes, higher mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and albuminuria. Even in the patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes for longer than 10 years at baseline, a decrease in HbA1c led to a significant reduction in the risk of developing DR (hazard ratio, 0.73 per 1% HbA1c decrement; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.91; P=0.005).

Conclusion

This prospective cohort study demonstrates that glycemic control, diabetes duration, age, and albuminuria are important risk factors for the development of DR. More aggressive retinal screening for T2DM patients diagnosed with DR should be required in order to not miss rapid progression of DR.

Citations

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Complications
Baseline-Corrected QT (QTc) Interval Is Associated with Prolongation of QTc during Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Yoon-Goo Kang, Kang-Min Lee, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):463-472. Published online October 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.463

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Background

We investigated an association between baseline heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval before severe hypoglycemia (SH) and prolongation of QTc interval during SH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Between January 2004 and June 2014, 208 patients with T2DM, who visited the emergency department because of SH and underwent standard 12-lead electrocardiography within the 6-month period before SH were consecutively enrolled. The QTc interval was analyzed during the incidence of SH, and 6 months before and after SH. QTc intervals of 450 ms or longer in men and 460 ms or longer in women were considered abnormally prolonged.

Results

The mean age and diabetes duration were 68.1±12.1 and 14.1±10.1 years, respectively. The mean QTc intervals at baseline and SH episodes were 433±33 and 460±33 ms, respectively (P<0.001). One hundred and fourteen patients (54.8%) had a prolonged QTc interval during SH. There was a significant decrease in the prolonged QTc interval within 6 months after SH (QTc interval prolongation during SH vs. after recovery, 54.8% vs. 33.8%, P<0.001). The prolonged QTc interval was significantly associated with baseline QTc interval prolongation (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 6.96; P=0.016) after adjusting for multiple confounders.

Conclusion

A prolonged QTc interval at baseline was significantly associated with prolongation of the QTc interval during SH in patients with T2DM, suggesting the necessity of QTc interval monitoring and attention to those with a prolonged QTc interval to prevent SH.

Citations

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Prevalence of QT prolongation and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Khaled Aburisheh, Mohammad F. AlKheraiji, Saleh I. Alwalan, Arthur C. Isnani, Mohamed Rafiullah, Muhammad Mujammami, Assim A. Alfadda
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Review

Complications
Risk Factors and Adverse Outcomes of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):423-432. Published online October 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.423

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Hypoglycemia has been considered as a major barrier to achieving the proper glycemic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In particular, severe hypoglycemia (SH), which is defined as a hypoglycemic episode requiring the assistance of another person to raise the patient's glucose level, is a serious complication of diabetes because of its possible fatal outcomes. Recently, the recommendations for diabetes care have emphasized a patient-centered approach, considering the individualized patient factors including hypoglycemia. Many studies have been performed which analyzed the risk factors and clinical outcomes for SH. From the studies, researchers recommend that targeting a less stringent glycosylated hemoglobin level and selecting a safer class of drugs for hypoglycemia are appropriate for patients with a high risk of SH. Also, careful clinical attention to prevent hypoglycemia, including intensive education, is necessary to minimize the risk of SH and SH-related fatal outcomes.

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Original Article

Complications
Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seawon Hwang, Eun-Jung Yim, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):202-210. Published online April 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.202

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Background

We investigated the association between severe hypoglycemia (SH) and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) or all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The study included 1,260 patients aged 25 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes from the Vincent Type 2 Diabetes Resgistry (VDR), who consecutively enrolled (n=1,260) from January 2000 to December 2010 and were followed up until May 2015 with a median follow-up time of 10.4 years. Primary outcomes were death from any cause or CV death. We investigated the association between the CV or all-cause mortality and various covariates using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results

Among the 906 participants (71.9%) who completed follow-up, 85 patients (9.4%) had at least one episode of SH, and 86 patients (9.5%) died (9.1 per 1,000 patient-years). Patients who had died were older, had a longer duration of diabetes and hypertension, received more insulin, and had more diabetic microvascular complications at baseline, as compared with surviving patients. The experience of SH was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 5.02; P=0.003) and CV mortality (HR, 6.34; 95% CI, 2.02 to 19.87; P=0.002) after adjusting for sex, age, diabetic duration, hypertension, mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels, diabetic nephropathy, lipid profiles, and insulin use.

Conclusion

We found a strong association between SH and increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Brief Report

Epidemiology
Data Analytic Process of a Nationwide Population-Based Study Using National Health Information Database Established by National Health Insurance Service: Yong-ho Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Soo Ko, Ki-Up Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(1):79-82. Published online February 19, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.79

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In 2014, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Diabetes Association to provide limited open access to its databases for investigating the past and current status of diabetes and its management. NHIS databases include the entire Korean population; therefore, it can be used as a population-based nationwide study for various diseases, including diabetes and its complications. This report presents how we established the analytic system of nation-wide population-based studies using the NHIS database as follows: the selection of database study population and its distribution and operational definition of diabetes and patients of currently ongoing collaboration projects.

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Ji Hyun An, Kyung-do Han, Hong Jin Jeon
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years
Jimin Clara Park, Ga Eun Nam, Jinna Yu, Ketrell L. McWhorter, Junxiu Liu, Hong Seok Lee, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han
JAMA Network Open.2023; 6(8): e2330024. CrossRef
Developing Operational Definitions Related toHelicobacter pyloriEradication Therapy
Chan Hyuk Park, Sun-Young Jung, Ju Won Lee, Hyo-Joon Yang, Joon Sung Kim, Beom Jin Kim, Soo In Choi, Seung In Seo, Joongyub Lee, Jae Gyu Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of diabetes status on total and site-specific cancer risk in the elderly population: A nationwide cohort study
Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Hyunho Kim, Hyung Soon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110866. CrossRef
Impact of Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clopidogrel on Recurrent Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Yong Kang Lee, Hyun Sun Lim, Youn I Choi, Eun Ju Choe, Seonji Kim, Seng Chan You, Kyung Joo Lee, Yerim Kim, Da Hee Park, Woon Geon Shin, Seung In Seo
Pharmaceuticals.2023; 16(9): 1213. CrossRef
Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436. CrossRef
Low Household Income Status and Death from Pneumonia in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Study
You-Bin Lee, So Hee Park, Kyu-na Lee, Bongsung Kim, So Yoon Kwon, Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 682. CrossRef
Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(3): 363. CrossRef
Real-world survival after colorectal surgery for malignancy in Korean patients with chronic kidney disease: an analysis of Korean healthcare big data, 2002–2019
Inho Song, Hyeryeong Nam, Bora Lee, Byung Kwan Park, Jeong-ki Kim, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Kyu Joo Park, Eon Chul Han
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(5): 281. CrossRef
Association between Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma and Ampulla of Vater Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han
Liver Cancer.2023; 12(5): 457. CrossRef
Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease
Se Young Jung, Sohyun Chun, Eun Bin Cho, Kyungdo Han, Juhwan Yoo, Yohwan Yeo, Jung Eun Yoo, Su Min Jeong, Ju-Hong Min, Dong Wook Shin
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Care and the Risk of Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jung Eun Yoo, Youn Huh, Sang-Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Hye Soon Park, Kyung Hwan Cho, Jin-Soo Ahn, Sang Ho Jun, Ga Eun Nam
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2023; 24(12): 1924. CrossRef
The Effect of Cataract Surgery on the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Chaeyeon Lee, Eunhae Shin, Mina Kim, Yoonjong Bae, Tae-Young Chung, Sang Won Seo, Hyemin Jang, Dong Hui Lim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(20): 6441. CrossRef
The Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on the Survival Rates of Patients with Cancer in Korea
Wonyoung Jung, Dong Wook Shin, Kyu-Won Jung, Dongjin Kim, Juwon Park, Fatima Nari, Mina Suh
Healthcare.2023; 11(24): 3171. CrossRef
Declined incidence of patients treated for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in South Korea: a 12-year nationwide population-based study
Jiwon Kim, Hyojin Seong, Kang Ju Son, Eun Jee Chung
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.2022; 260(1): 101. CrossRef
Female reproductive factors and risk of joint replacement arthroplasty of the knee and hip due to osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study of 1.13 million women
Y. Eun, J.E. Yoo, K. Han, D. Kim, K.N. Lee, J. Lee, D.-Y. Lee, D.-H. Lee, H. Kim, D.W. Shin
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.2022; 30(1): 69. CrossRef
Blood Pressure Levels and Risks of Dementia: a Nationwide Study of 4.5 Million People
Chan Joo Lee, Ji-Yeon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Da Hye Kim, Hanna Cho, Kwang Joon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-ho Lee, Sungha Park
Hypertension.2022; 79(1): 218. CrossRef
Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status are Associated With Altered Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Joo-Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Jung Yong Hong, Young Suk Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Gunseog Kang, Joon Oh Park
Gastroenterology.2022; 162(2): 509. CrossRef
Acromegaly and cardiovascular outcomes: a cohort study
Sangmo Hong, Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
European Heart Journal.2022; 43(15): 1491. CrossRef
Blood Pressure Variability and the Risk of Fracture: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jung Eun Yoo, Ji Won Yoon, Hyo Eun Park, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(4): e1488. CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood pressure control in Korea
Ye Seol Lee, Hae-Young Lee, Tae Hyun Kim
Hypertension Research.2022; 45(3): 507. CrossRef
Associations of variability in body weight and glucose levels with the risk of hip fracture in people with diabetes
Jeongmin Lee, Kyungdo Han, Sang Hyun Park, Mee Kyoung Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Seung-Hwan Lee
Metabolism.2022; 129: 155135. CrossRef
Severe Hypoglycemia Increases Dementia Risk and Related Mortality: A Nationwide, Population-based Cohort Study
Eugene Han, Kyung-do Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yong-ho Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(5): e1976. CrossRef
Association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk differs by glycaemic status: A nationwide cohort study
Joo-Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Jung Yong Hong, Young Suk Park, Joon Oh Park
European Journal of Cancer.2022; 163: 119. CrossRef
The risk of dementia in adults with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Hyung-jin Cho, Ju-hwan Yoo, Mi-hyeong Kim, Kyung-jai Ko, Kang-woong Jun, Kyung-do Han, Jeong-kye Hwang
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Female Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Bumhee Yang, Dong-Hwa Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hayoung Choi, Hyung Koo Kang, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
Biomedicines.2022; 10(2): 303. CrossRef
Incidence of Depression after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study of 2.2 Million Adults
Yoonjeong Choi, Eun Young Kim, Jiyu Sun, Han-Kyoul Kim, Ye Seol Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Hye Yoon Park, Ja-Ho Leigh
Journal of Neurotrauma.2022; 39(5-6): 390. CrossRef
Blood pressure and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: a population-based cohort study
Chung-woo Lee, Joo Kyung Lee, Yeon Joo Choi, Hyunjin Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-hyung Jung, Do Hoon Kim, Joo-Hyun Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impaired Lung Function and Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Hye Seon Kang, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seung Hoon Kim, Shin Young Kim, Chi Hong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sung Kyoung Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(4): 1077. CrossRef
Analysis of Severe Hypoglycemia Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ji-Yeon Lee, Young-eun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Eugene Han, Byung Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yong-ho Lee
JAMA Network Open.2022; 5(2): e220262. CrossRef
Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study of 10 Million People
Yohwan Yeo, Dong Wook Shin, Kyungdo Han, Dahye Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sohyun Chun, Su-Min Jeong, Yun-Mi Song
Thyroid.2022; 32(4): 440. CrossRef
The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health
Eun-Jung Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 1. CrossRef
Association between lung function and the risk of atrial fibrillation in a nationwide population cohort study
Su Nam Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung-Ho Her, Kyungdo Han, Donggyu Moon, Sung Kyoung Kim, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yu-Bae Ahn
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Hip Fracture Risk According to Diabetic Kidney Disease Phenotype in a Korean Population
Seung Eun Lee, Juhwan Yoo, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Kyungdo Han, Han Seok Choi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 148. CrossRef
Medical Utilization and Costs in Preterm Infants in the First 6 Years of Life After Discharge From Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
Ju Hyun Jin, Sang Ah Lee, Shin Won Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Low waist circumference prior to percutaneous coronary intervention predict the risk for end-stage renal disease: a nationwide Korean population based-cohort study
Eun Hui Bae, Sang Yup Lim, Eun Mi Yang, Tae Ryom Oh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Soo Wan Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(3): 639. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of cardio-cerebrovascular complications in immigrants and native-born Koreans with diabetes: Risk factors and perspectives
Hyemin Cho, Sohyun Jeoung, Cinoo Kang, Sunmee Jang, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(4): e0263046. CrossRef
Changes in Physical Activity and the Risk of Dementia in Patients With New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jung Eun Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Sang-Hyun Park, Seon Mee Kim, Hye Soon Park, Ga Eun Nam
Diabetes Care.2022; 45(5): 1091. CrossRef
Understanding and Utilizing Claim Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Database for Research
Dae-Sung Kyoung, Hun-Sung Kim
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2022; 11(2): 103. CrossRef
Annual Trends in the Incidence and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Min Seok Baek, Han-Kyeol Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sung Kwon, Han Kyu Na, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Hanna Cho
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes
Goh-Eun Chung, Kyungdo Han, Kyu-Na Lee, Eun-Ju Cho, Jung-Ho Bae, Sun-Young Yang, Su-Jong Yu, Seung-Ho Choi, Jeong-Yoon Yim, Nam-Ju Heo
Biomedicines.2022; 10(6): 1245. CrossRef
Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption Increases the Risk of Biliary Tract Cancer in Prediabetes and Diabetes, but Not in Normoglycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Young Suk Park, Joon Oh Park
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 40(31): 3623. CrossRef
Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea
Soon Ok Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Shinwon Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Jin Suk Kang, Hyunjin Son, Hyungi Lee, Jinmi Kim
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Wonseok Kang, Joo Kyung Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Colonoscopy decreases mortality in colorectal cancer patients compared with fecal immunochemical test
Soo‐Yoon Sung, Hyun Ho Choi, Sukil Kim, Bo Ram Park, Young Ki Kim, Hyung‐Keun Kim, Young‐Seok Cho, Sang Woo Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Hiun‐Suk Chae
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(10): 1991. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Mental Health Problems in Female Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study
So Young Kim, Yeonju Lee, Sang Baek Koh
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8615. CrossRef
Risk for Behçet’s disease gauged via high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
Yeong Ho Kim, Hyun Jee Kim, Jin Woo Park, Kyung Do Han, Yong Gyu Park, Young Bok Lee, Ji Hyun Lee
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor and Thiazolidinedione Treatment on Risk of Stroke among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Seung Eun Lee, Hyewon Nam, Han Seok Choi, Hoseob Kim, Dae-Sung Kyoung, Kyoung-Ah Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 567. CrossRef
Current Trends of Big Data Research Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 552. CrossRef
Recent Increases in Influenza-Related Hospitalizations, Critical Care Resource Use, and In-Hospital Mortality: A 10-Year Population-Based Study in South Korea
Tae Hwa Hong, Hyung Seok Lee, Nam-Eun Kim, Kyu Jin Lee, Yong Kyun Kim, Jung Nam An, Joo-Hee Kim, Hyung Won Kim, Sunghoon Park
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(16): 4911. CrossRef
Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and All-Cause Mortality according to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in the Elderly, a Nationwide Study
You-Bin Lee, Minji Koo, Eunjin Noh, Soon Young Hwang, Jung A Kim, Eun Roh, So-hyeon Hong, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Geum Joon Cho, Hye Jin Yoo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 722. CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia and risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with diabetes treated with oral medications with or without insulin: A population-based study
You-Bin Lee, Yoon-Jong Bae, Hoseob Kim, Jiyun Park, So Yoon Kwon, So Hee Park, Gyuri Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 192: 110083. CrossRef
Real-World Prescription Patterns and Barriers Related to the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors among Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease
Jong Ha Baek, Ye Seul Yang, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Jae Hyeon Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Jong Han Choi, Kyu Yeon Hur
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 701. CrossRef
Association between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Wonyoung Jung, Je Moon Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Sungsoon Hwang, Dong Hui Lim, Dong Wook Shin
Biomedicines.2022; 10(10): 2435. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning-Based High-Cost Prediction Model Using Health Check-Up Data by the National Health Insurance Service of Korea
Yeongah Choi, Jiho An, Seiyoung Ryu, Jaekyeong Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(20): 13672. CrossRef
The presence of hypertension during pregnancy determines the future risk of metabolic syndrome: An observational study
Da-Hye Ju, Hyeyoun Lee, Sang Jin Ha
Medicine.2022; 101(42): e31272. CrossRef
Association of height loss and cardiovascular disease: Data from a large Korean cohort
Jeonggeun Moon, Pyung Chun Oh, Kyounghoon Lee, Ho-Jun Jang, Tae-Hoon Kim, Sang-Don Park, Sung Woo Kwon, Min Gyu Kong, Jon Suh, Woong Chol Kang
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between serum ferritin levels and colorectal cancer risk in Korea
Hyunho Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ho Jung An
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(6): 1205. CrossRef
Fasting Glucose Variability and the Risk of Dementia in Individuals with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Da Young Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, Sanghyun Park, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(6): 923. CrossRef
Associations between migraine and major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Dae Young Cheon, Kyungdo Han, Ye Seul Yang, Yerim Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Chulho Kim, Jong-Hee Sohn, Mi Sun Oh, Byung-Chul Lee, Minwoo Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Dose-Response Association between Smoking and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer Differs by Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Threshold Dose-Response Association between Smoking Pack-Years and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of empagliflozin in routine care in East Asia: Results from the EMPRISE East Asia study
Yutaka Seino, Dae Jung Kim, Daisuke Yabe, Elise Chia‐Hui Tan, Wook‐Jin Chung, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Masaomi Nangaku, Koichi Node, Riho Klement, Atsutaka Yasui, Wei‐Yu Lei, Sunwoo Lee, Moe H. Kyaw, Anouk Deruaz‐Luyet, Kimberly G. Brodovicz, Wayne H.‐H. Sheu
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Tooth loss and risk of end‐stage renal disease: A nationwide cohort study
Kyungdo Han, Jun‐Beom Park
Journal of Periodontology.2021; 92(3): 371. CrossRef
Both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are decreased following long‐term narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in patients with vitiligo: a propensity score matching analysis
J.M. Bae, Y.‐S. Kim, E.H. Choo, M.‐Y. Kim, J.Y. Lee, H.‐O. Kim, Y.M. Park
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2021; 35(1): 222. CrossRef
The risk of hip fractures in individuals over 50 years old with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes – A longitudinal nationwide population-based study
Ho Youn Park, Kyoungdo Han, Youngwoo Kim, Yoon Hwan Kim, Yoo Joon Sur
Bone.2021; 142: 115691. CrossRef
Association of Female Reproductive Factors With Incidence of Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women in Korea
Jung Eun Yoo, Dong Wook Shin, Kyungdo Han, Dahye Kim, Ji Won Yoon, Dong-Yun Lee
JAMA Network Open.2021; 4(1): e2030405. CrossRef
Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015)
Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(1): 115. CrossRef
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Cause-Specific Mortality: a Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Yeoree Yang, Kyungdo Han, Sang Hyun Park, Mee Kyoung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2021; 10(1): 74. CrossRef
Estimated Incidence and Projections of Treatment Cost for Vision-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in Korea
Hyo Jin Seong, Jiwon Kim, Sunok Song, Kangju Son, Sungyong Park, Eun Jee Chung
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.2021; 62(1): 55. CrossRef
Risk of gastrointestinal cancer in patients with an elevated level of gamma-glutamyltransferase: A nationwide population-based study
Seung Wook Hong, Hyun Jung Lee, Kyungdo Han, Jung Min Moon, Seona Park, Hosim Soh, Eun Ae Kang, Jaeyoung Chun, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Wisit Cheungpasitporn
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(2): e0245052. CrossRef
Descriptive epidemiology on the trends and sociodemographic risk factors of disease burden in years of life lost due to suicide in South Korea from 2000 to 2018
Keun A Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Seok-Jun Yoon
BMJ Open.2021; 11(2): e043662. CrossRef
Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Eun Hui Bae, Sang Yeob Lim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Tae Ryom Oh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Kyung-Do Han, Soo Wan Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(5): 1065. CrossRef
Association of particulate matter with autoimmune rheumatic diseases among adults in South Korea
Jun Seok Park, Seulggie Choi, Kyuwoong Kim, Jooyoung Chang, Sung Min Kim, Seong Rae Kim, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Kyae Hyung Kim, Eun Young Lee, Sang Min Park
Rheumatology.2021; 60(11): 5117. CrossRef
Chronic Kidney Disease Risk of Isolated Systolic or Diastolic Hypertension in Young Adults: A Nationwide Sample Based‐Cohort Study
Eun Hui Bae, Sang Yeob Lim, Jin‐Hyung Jung, Tae Ryom Oh, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Kyung‐Do Han, Soo Wan Kim
Journal of the American Heart Association.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of biliary tract cancers: A South Korean nationwide cohort study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Minsuk Kwon, Jiyun Lee, Kyungdo Han, In Woong Han, Wonseok Kang, Joo Kyung Park
European Journal of Cancer.2021; 150: 73. CrossRef
Deep Spinal Infection after Outpatient Epidural Injections for Pain: A Retrospective Sample Cohort Study Using a Claims Database in South Korea
Chang-Soon Lee, Young Jae Park, Jee Youn Moon, Yong-Chul Kim
Anesthesiology.2021; 134(6): 925. CrossRef
Obesity, metabolic health, and urological disorders in adults: a nationwide population-based study
Jong Keun Kim, Young Goo Lee, Kyungdo Han, Jun Hyun Han
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Risks and Prognoses of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia in Patients With Insomnia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Min Seok Baek, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sung Kwon, Yong-ho Lee, Hanna Cho, Chul Hyoung Lyoo
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Cumulative Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome Components and the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Yunjung Cho, Kyungdo Han, Da Hye Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Kun-Ho Yoon, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(2): 424. CrossRef
Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study
Yohwan Yeo, Kyungdo Han, Dong-Wook Shin, Dahye Kim, Su-Min Jeong, Sohyun Chun, In-Young Choi, Keun-Hye Jeon, Tae-Hyuk Kim
Cancers.2021; 13(10): 2343. CrossRef
Association between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study
In Young Choi, Yoon Jin Choi, Dong Wook Shin, Kyung Do Han, Keun Hye Jeon, Su‐Min Jeong, Jung Eun Yoo
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 36(10): 2834. CrossRef
Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea
Eunhae Shin, Dong Hui Lim, Tae-Young Chung, Gyule Han, Jung Eun Yoo, Keun Hye Jeon, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of mortality with drug-coated devices in femoropopliteal artery based on the nationwide data
Hyunsook Choi, Haine Lee, Sang-Soo Lee, Jeonghoon Ahn, Jin Hyun Joh, Moo-Yeol Lee
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2021; 101(1): 20. CrossRef
Trends and risk factors in severe hypoglycemia among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Korea
Seung Eun Lee, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Kang Ju Son, Sun Ok Song, Kyeong Hye Park, Se Hee Park, Joo Young Nam
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 178: 108946. CrossRef
Association between Relative Preference for Vegetables and Meat and Cancer Incidence in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Ga-Eun Yie, An Na Kim, Hyun Jeong Cho, Minji Kang, Sungji Moon, Inah Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(3): 211. CrossRef
Comparison of fracture risk between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive real-world data
J. Ha, C. Jeong, K.-D. Han, Y. Lim, M.K. Kim, H.-S. Kwon, K.-H. Song, M.I. Kang, K.-H. Baek
Osteoporosis International.2021; 32(12): 2543. CrossRef
Dose-Dependent Effect of Smoking on Risk of Diabetes Remains after Smoking Cessation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Se Eun Park, Mi Hae Seo, Jung-Hwan Cho, Hyemi Kwon, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yong-Gyu Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 539. CrossRef
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Based Diabetes Prediction System Using a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort
Sang Youl Rhee, Ji Min Sung, Sunhee Kim, In-Jeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 515. CrossRef
The beneficial effects of menopausal hormone therapy on renal survival in postmenopausal Korean women from a nationwide health survey
Shin Young Ahn, Yoon Jin Choi, Jieun Kim, Gang Jee Ko, Young Joo Kwon, Kyungdo Han
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of prediabetes, diabetes, and diabetes duration with biliary tract cancer risk: A nationwide cohort study
Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Young Suk Park, Gunseog Kang, Kyungdo Han, Joon Oh Park
Metabolism.2021; 123: 154848. CrossRef
Early mortality and cardiovascular disease, varied association with body mass index and its changes in insulin-treated diabetes: a nationwide study
You-Bin Lee, Bongsung Kim, Jiyun Park, Minyoung Kim, Min Sun Choi, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hyeon Kim
International Journal of Obesity.2021; 45(11): 2482. CrossRef
Patient-Level Cancer Prediction Models From a Nationwide Patient Cohort: Model Development and Validation
Eunsaem Lee, Se Young Jung, Hyung Ju Hwang, Jaewoo Jung
JMIR Medical Informatics.2021; 9(8): e29807. CrossRef
Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Failure Patients in South Korea
Minkook Son, Yoon Sung Jo, Sangyong Jo, Kyungil Park
International Heart Journal.2021; 62(5): 1083. CrossRef
Statin use for primary prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes: Can it benefit all ages? – A nationwide propensity-matched cohort study
Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, You-Cheol Hwang
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 180: 109044. CrossRef
Blood pressure prior to percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with the risk of end-stage renal disease: a nationwide population based-cohort study
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Combination of Statin and Ezetimibe versus Statin Monotherapy on Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence among Adults with Impaired Fasting Glucose: a Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study
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A Study on Metabolic Health Status as a Risk Factor for Female Bladder Cancer Incidence: Analysis From the National Health Checkups Database of Korea
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The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology.2021; 19(4): 223. CrossRef
Fasting Glucose Variability as a Risk Indicator for End-Stage Kidney Disease in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Da Young Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, Sanghyun Park, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A. Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim
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Female Reproductive Factors and Risk of Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study
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SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Changes in Direct Healthcare Costs before and after the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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Gut and Liver.2020; 14(1): 89. CrossRef
Non‐melanoma skin cancer as a clinical marker for internal malignancies: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
S.J. Yun, J.M. Bae, H. Kim, B.C. Park, J.S. Kim, S.H. Seo, H.H. Ahn, D.Y. Lee, Y.C. Kim, H.J. Park, K.Y. Chung
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2020; 34(4): 746. CrossRef
The prognoses and postoperative outcomes of patients with both colorectal cancer and liver cirrhosis based on a nationwide cohort in Korea
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Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2020; 99(2): 82. CrossRef
Label Adherence of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Dosing and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
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Journal of the American Heart Association.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Female reproductive factors and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a nationwide cohort study
Jung Eun Yoo, Dong Wook Shin, Wooyoung Jang, Kyungdo Han, Dahye Kim, Hye-Sung Won, Hye Soon Park
European Journal of Epidemiology.2020; 35(9): 871. CrossRef
The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and esophageal, stomach, or colorectal cancer: National population-based cohort study
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Body Weight Variability and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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Diabetes Care.2020; 43(9): 2234. CrossRef
Female reproductive factors and the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study
Keun Hye Jeon, Dong Wook Shin, Kyungdo Han, Dahye Kim, Jung Eun Yoo, Su-Min Jeong, Jong ho Cho
British Journal of Cancer.2020; 122(9): 1417. CrossRef
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Variability and Risk of Dementia in Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
So-hyeon Hong, Kyungdo Han, Sanghyun Park, Seon Mee Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Hye Jin Yoo
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 105(3): e119. CrossRef
Variability in body weight precedes diagnosis in dementia: A nationwide cohort study
Jane Ha, Yeongkeun Kwon, Ye‐Ji Kwon, DaHye Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mi Jang, Sungsoo Park, Ga Eun Nam, Yang Hyun Kim, Do Hoon Kim, Yong Gyu Park, Kyung‐Hwan Cho
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Anti-diabetic medications and the risk for colorectal cancer: A population-based nested case-control study
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Cancer Epidemiology.2020; 64: 101658. CrossRef
Longitudinal Study of Diabetic Differences between International Migrants and Natives among the Asian Population
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Biomolecules & Therapeutics.2020; 28(1): 110. CrossRef
Dose-response relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Korean adults
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Atherosclerosis.2020; 292: 152. CrossRef
Dipstick proteinuria and cancer incidence: a nationwide population-based study
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Journal of Nephrology.2020; 33(5): 1067. CrossRef
Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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Diabetes Care.2020; 43(9): 2169. CrossRef
Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of dementia in prediabetes and diabetes
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European Journal of Neurology.2020; 27(8): 1448. CrossRef
Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
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A model to predict risk of stroke in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes generated from a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 163: 108157. CrossRef
Incidence and Risk Factors for Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
Ji Hee Yu, Kyungdo Han, Sanghyun Park, Hanna Cho, Da Young Lee, Jin-Wook Kim, Ji A Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Seon Mee Kim, Nan Hee Kim
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Sex differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide cohort study
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Blood Pressure Variability and Incidence of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
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Annual Prevalence, Health Expenditures, and Co-Morbidities Trend of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Korea: National Health Insurance Service Data from 2002 to 2013
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Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia
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Gliclazide monotherapy increases risks of all-cause mortality and has similar risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke with glimepiride monotherapy in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease According to 2017 Blood Pressure Categories in Diabetes Mellitus
Yong Tae Kim, Hyung Joon Chung, Bo Ram Park, Yeon Yong Kim, Jun Hyeok Lee, Dae Ryong Kang, Jang-Young Kim, Mi Young Lee, Jun Young Lee
Hypertension.2020; 76(3): 766. CrossRef
The Burden of Cervical Cancer in Korea: A Population-Based Study
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(17): 6308. CrossRef
Underweight increases the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma in diabetes patients
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Increased risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide study
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Impact of the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the risk of development of metachronous lesions after treatment of early gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study
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Site-specific cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
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The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(3): 641. CrossRef
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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database
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Impact of Mean and Variability of High‐Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Mortality in the General Population
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Trends in the prevalence and treatment of bipolar affective disorder in South Korea
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Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2020; 53: 102194. CrossRef
Social Inequalities of Oral Anticoagulation after the Introduction of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Hee Tae Yu, Pil-Sung Yang, Jinseub Hwang, Soorack Ryu, Eunsun Jang, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Boyoung Joung
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Increased incidence of bladder cancer with metabolically unhealthy status: analysis from the National Health Checkup database in Korea
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(1): 85. CrossRef
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You‐Bin Lee, Da Hye Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Kyungdo Han, Hye Jin Yoo
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Fasting plasma glucose level and the risk of open angle glaucoma: Nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
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Prognostic value of long-term gamma-glutamyl transferase variability in individuals with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study
Da Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Ji Hee Yu, Sanghyun Park, Ji A Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Nan Hee Kim
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Predicting the Development of Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Risk Model Generated from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 636. CrossRef
Exposure-weighted scoring for metabolic syndrome and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a nationwide population-based study
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Glucose variability and the risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: retrospective cohort study
Da Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Sanghyun Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A. Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Nan Hee Kim
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Journal of the American Heart Association.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Incident cardiovascular disease and particulate matter air pollution in South Korea using a population-based and nationwide cohort of 0.2 million adults
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Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea
Ji Hong You, Sang Ah Lee, Sung-Youn Chun, Sun Ok Song, Byung-Wan Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Edward J. Boyko
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(4): 901. CrossRef
Variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based study
You-Bin Lee, Da Hye Kim, Eun Roh, So-Hyeon Hong, Jung A Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyungdo Han, Kyung Mook Choi
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2020; 8(1): e001187. CrossRef
Appropriate Medical Technology in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution
Sang Youl Rhee
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2019; 94(5): 387. CrossRef
Validation of diagnostic codes of major clinical outcomes in a National Health Insurance database
Jiesuck Park, Soonil Kwon, Eue-Keun Choi, You-jung Choi, Euijae Lee, Wonseok Choe, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Seil Oh
International Journal of Arrhythmia.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence of Prostate Cancer according to Metabolic Health Status: a Nationwide Cohort Study
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Increased risk of psoriasis in subjects with abdominal obesity: A nationwide population‐based study
Ju Hee Han, Ji Hyun Lee, Kyung Do Han, Ha‐Na Kim, Chul Hwan Bang, Young Min Park, Jun Young Lee, Tae Yoon Kim
The Journal of Dermatology.2019; 46(8): 695. CrossRef
Risk of Incident Dementia According to Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Late Life: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Ji-Yeon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Eugene Han, Gyuri Kim, Hanna Cho, Kwang Joon Kim, Byung Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Carol Brayne, Yong-ho Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2019; 104(7): 2942. CrossRef
Blood Pressure and Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Hypertension.2019; 73(2): 319. CrossRef
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Diabetes & Metabolism.2019; 45(1): 19. CrossRef
Effects of Variability in Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Cholesterol Concentrations, and Body Mass Index on End-Stage Renal Disease in the General Population of Korea
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hun-Sung Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(5): 755. CrossRef
Clinical Research from a Health Insurance Database: Practice and Perspective
Hyunsoo Chung, Su Young Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2019; 94(6): 463. CrossRef
Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2018: Data Focusing on Waist Circumference and Obesity-Related Comorbidities
Ga Eun Nam, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yong Gyu Park, Kwan-Woo Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Jang Won Son, Seong-Su Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Won-Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
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Risk of end‐stage renal disease from chronic kidney disease defined by decreased glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes: A comparison with type 2 diabetes and the effect of metabolic syndrome
You‐Bin Lee, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Ji Eun Jun, Seung‐Eun Lee, Jiyeon Ahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang‐Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
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You-Bin Lee, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Seung-Eun Lee, Ji Eun Jun, Jiyeon Ahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention During 2-Year Follow-Up, from a Nationwide Population Study
Jiesuck Park, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, You-Jung Choi, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Seil Oh, Gregory Y.H. Lip
The American Journal of Cardiology.2019; 123(12): 1921. CrossRef
Impact of the Dynamic Change of Metabolic Health Status on the Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Jung A Kim, Da Hye Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Yong Gyu Park, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyungdo Han, Hye Jin Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(4): 406. CrossRef
The protective effect of klotho against contrast-associated acute kidney injury via the antioxidative effect
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American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology.2019; 317(4): F881. CrossRef
Ankylosing spondylitis: A novel risk factor for atrial fibrillation — A nationwide population-based study
Inki Moon, Eue-Keun Choi, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, You-Jung Choi, Jiesuck Park, Jun Hwan Cho, Euijae Lee, Wonseok Choe, So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Woo-Hyun Lim, Seil Oh
International Journal of Cardiology.2019; 275: 77. CrossRef
Impact of Cytomegalovirus Disease on New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Population-Based Matched Case-Control Cohort Study
Seul Gi Yoo, Kyung Do Han, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Yeonju La, Da Eun Kwon, Sang Hoon Han
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(6): 815. CrossRef
Body Mass Index Variability and Long-term Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
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Effect of hypertension duration and blood pressure level on ischaemic stroke risk in atrial fibrillation: nationwide data covering the entire Korean population
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European Heart Journal.2019; 40(10): 809. CrossRef
Increased Risk of Diabetes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(3): 343. CrossRef
High Proportion of Adult Cases and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population in Korea: A Nationwide Study
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 76. CrossRef
Long-term evolution of direct healthcare costs for inflammatory bowel diseases: a population-based study (2006–2015)
Jung-Wook Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Jung Kuk Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Shin Ju Oh, Jung Rock Moon, Hyun-Soo Kim, Hyo Jong Kim
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 54(4): 419. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Complications
Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sun-Hye Ko, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(6):498-506. Published online July 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.6.498

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Background

To investigate whether a history of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with severe hypoglycemia (SH) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study from January 2001 to December 2012 with a median follow-up time of 9.5 years (5,814 person-years). Patients aged 25 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes and without chronic kidney disease were enrolled (n=894), and 624 patients completed follow-up. SH was defined as hypoglycemic episodes requiring hospitalization or medical care in an emergency department. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to test associations between SH episodes and potential explanatory variables.

Results

Among the 624 participants who completed follow-up, 60 patients (9.6%) had previous CVD. Compared to patients without CVD, patients with previous CVD were older, had a longer duration of diabetes and hypertension, received more insulin, and had more diabetic microvascular complications at baseline. During follow-up, 62 patients (9.9%) experienced at least one SH episode (incidence of 1.33 per 100 patient-years). The development of SH was associated with a history of CVD (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 3.72; P=0.031) after adjusting for sex, age, diabetic duration, hypertension, hemoglobin A1c levels, diabetic complications, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, and insulin use.

Conclusion

A history of CVD was an independent risk factor for the development of SH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. For patients with CVD, modulation of glycemic targets and diabetic education for the prevention of hypoglycemia should be implemented.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Randomised controlled trial of pharmacist-led patient counselling in controlling hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ROSE-ADAM): A study protocol of the SUGAR intervention
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Letter: Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes Metab J 2015;39:498-506)
Mi-Kyung Kim
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Response: Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes Metab J 2015;39:498-506)
Jae-Seung Yun, Yu-Bae Ahn
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Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
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Intensive Individualized Reinforcement Education Is Important for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Yun-Mi Yong, Kyung-Mi Shin, Kang-Min Lee, Jae-Young Cho, Sun-Hye Ko, Min-Hyang Yoon, Tae-Won Kim, Jong-Hyun Jeong, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):154-163. Published online March 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.154

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

We investigated whether an intensive individualized reinforcement education program could influence the prevention of hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

From March 2013 to September 2013, patients aged 35 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes who had not previously participated in diabetes education, and treated with insulin or a sulfonylurea-containing regimen were included in the study. After structured group education, the patients assigned to the intensive individualized education group (IT) were requested to visit for reinforcement. All subjects in the IT were encouraged to self-manage dose adjustments. Participants in both groups (control group [CG, group education only; n=22] and IT [n=24]) attended follow-up visits at 2, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. At each visit, all patients were asked whether they had experienced hypoglycemia.

Results

The total study population consisted of 20 men (43.5%; mean age and diabetic duration of 55.9±11.0 and 5.1±7.3 years, respectively). At 24 weeks, there were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c values between the CG and IT. The total number of hypoglycemic events per patient was 5.26±6.5 in the CG and 2.58±2.3 times in the IT (P=0.004). Adherence to lifestyle modification including frequency of exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, or dietary habit was not significantly different between the groups. However, adherence to hypoglycemia management, especially the dose adjustment of medication, was significantly higher in the IT compared with the CG.

Conclusion

Compared with the structured group education, additional IT resulted in additional benefits in terms of avoidance of hypoglycemia and treating hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Current Status of Glycemic Control of Patients with Diabetes in Korea: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ja Young Jeon, Dae Jung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Chul Sik Kim, Jee Hyun An, Nan Hee Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyeon Kim, Bong-Yun Cha, Kee-Ho Song; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):197-203. Published online June 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.197

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Background

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III (2005) reported that 22.9% of individuals with diabetes have a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% and that 43.5% have an HbA1c <7%. We investigated the levels of glycemic control and the factors associated with glycemic control using data from the KNHANES V (2010 to 2012).

Methods

Subjects with diabetes diagnosed by a physician or those taking antidiabetic medications were classified as individuals with known diabetes. Of 1,498 subjects aged ≥30 years with diabetes, we excluded 157 individuals who were missing HbA1c data. A total of 1,341 subjects were included in the final analysis.

Results

The prevalence of known diabetes was 7.7% (n=1,498, estimated to be 2.32 million people). The proportions of well-controlled diabetes meeting a HbA1c goal of <6.5% and <7% were 27% and 45.6%, respectively. HbA1c increased as the duration of diabetes increased. HbA1c in subjects with a duration of diabetes ≤5 years was lower than in subjects with a duration >5 years. HbA1c in the group taking only oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) was significantly lower than that in the group administered only insulin or OHA and insulin in combination. In logistic regression analysis, a longer duration of diabetes, insulin use and the absence of chronic renal failure were associated with HbA1c levels >6.5%.

Conclusion

The level of adequate glycemic control was similar to but slightly improved compared with previous levels. The glycemic control of long-standing diabetes patients is more difficult even though they receive insulin treatment.

Citations

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Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Nephropathy in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Jae Hee Ahn, Ji Hee Yu, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Bong-Yun Cha, Nan Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):109-119. Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.109

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Background

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. It manifests as albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its determinants in Korean adults have not previously been studied at the national level. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean patients with diabetes.

Methods

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V, conducted in 2011, was used to define albuminuria (n=4,652), and the dataset of KNHANES IV-V (2008-2011) was used to define CKD (n=21,521). Selected samples were weighted to represent the entire civilian population in Korea. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. CKD was defined as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m².

Results

Among subjects with diabetes, 26.7% had albuminuria, and 8.6% had CKD. Diabetes was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of albuminuria, with virtually no difference between new-onset and previously diagnosed diabetes. Only systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with albuminuria, and old age, high serum triglyceride levels, and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) were related with CKD in subjects with diabetes.

Conclusion

Korean subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD than those without diabetes. Blood pressure was associated with albuminuria, and age, triglyceride level, and previous CVD were independent determinants of CKD in subjects with diabetes.

Citations

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Editorial

Internet-Based Mentoring Program for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Sun-Hye Ko, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):107-108. Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.107

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Original Articles

Statin Discontinuation after Achieving a Target Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study: Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yoon-Hee Choi, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):64-73. Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.64

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Background

This study investigated the rate of relapse of dyslipidemia and the factors which could predict relapse following a short-term statin discontinuation after achieving a target low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

Ninety-nine subjects on rosuvastatin treatment and whose LDL-C level was lower than 100 mg/dL were randomly assigned to discontinue or maintain statin treatment at a 2:1 ratio. The subjects were followed-up after 10 weeks. A relapse of dyslipidemia was defined as a reascent of LDL-C level to greater than 100 mg/dL.

Results

The statin discontinuation group had a significant rate of relapse compared to the maintenance group (79% vs. 3%, respectively). Pretreatment and baseline lipid levels, their ratios, and hemoglobin A1c level were significantly different between the relapse and nonrelapse groups. The pretreatment and baseline lipid profiles and their ratios were independently associated with relapse. The pretreatment LDL-C level was the most useful parameter for predicting a relapse, with a cutoff of 123 mg/dL. During the follow-up period, no CVD event was noted.

Conclusion

The relapse rate of dyslipidemia was high when statins were discontinued in type 2 diabetic patients without CVD. Statin discontinuation should be considered carefully based on the pretreatment lipid profiles of patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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2018 Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia in Korea
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Tong Min Kim, Hyunah Kim, Yoo Jin Jeong, Sun Jung Baik, So Jung Yang, Seung‐Hwan Lee, Jae‐Hyoung Cho, Hyunyong Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, In Young Choi, Kun‐Ho Yoon, Hun‐Sung Kim
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Higher Prevalence and Awareness, but Lower Control Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes than General Population: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011: Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Bong-Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):51-57. Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.51

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Background

We investigated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension in Korean adults with diabetes using nationally representative data.

Methods

Using data of 5,105 adults from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011 (4,389 nondiabetes mellitus [non-DM]), 242 newly diagnosed with DM (new-DM), and 474 previously diagnosed with DM (known-DM), we analyzed the prevalence of hypertension (mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication) and control rate of hypertension (blood pressure [BP] <130/80 mm Hg).

Results

The prevalence of hypertension in diabetic adults was 54.6% (44.4% in new-DM and 62.6% in known-DM, P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively) compared with non-DM adults (26.2%). Compared to non-DM, awareness (85.7%, P<0.001) and treatment (97.0%, P=0.020) rates were higher in known-DM, whereas no differences were found between new-DM and non-DM. Control rate among all hypertensive subjects was lower in new-DM (14.9%), compared to non-DM (35.1%, P<0.001) and known-DM (33.3%, P=0.004). Control rate among treated subjects was also lower in new-DM (25.2%), compared to non-DM (68.4%, P<0.0001) and known-DM (39.9%, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

Higher prevalence and low control rate of hypertension in adults with diabetes suggest that stringent efforts are needed to control BP in patients with diabetes, particularly in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Overweight/obesity and sedentary Behavior: Dual modifiable factors associated with Hypertension–diabetes comorbidity among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam
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Hee Yeon Kim, Chang Wook Kim, Chung-Hwa Park, Jong Young Choi, Kyungdo Han, Anwar T Merchant, Yong-Moon Park
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Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Predicts Recurrent Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Kyoungil Min, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, James M Wright
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Lipoprotein(a) predicts the development of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Prevalence, Awareness, and Management of Obesity in Korea: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2011): Chul Sik Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Dae Jung Kim, Bong-Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(1):35-43. Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.35

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37 Download
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88 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and several cardiovascular diseases. This study was to investigate the trends in the prevalence, awareness, and management status of obesity among the Korean population for recent 13 years.

Methods

The prevalence, subjective awareness, and management of obesity were investigated in adults aged ≥19 years by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 1998 to 2011.

Results

The number of participants was 8,117, 5,826, 5,500, 3,025, 6,756, 7,506, 6,255, and 6,155 in the KNHANES in years 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 26.9%, 29.2%, 32.9%, 32.5%, 32.0%, 32.6%, 32.0%, and 32.0% in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively, while the overall prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased by 1.19-fold and 1.24-fold respectively in 2011 compared against 2001. In general, a gradual increase in the prevalence of severe obesity has been observed as years go by. Furthermore, trends of improvements in obesity awareness and management rates were visible over the period of surveys.

Conclusion

Although the management status of obesity has improved during the recent years, more effective strategy to control obesity is needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024
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Erratum

Erratum: Author's Name Correction. Diabetic Retinopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji-Hoon Kim, Keon-Woong Moon, Yong-Moon Park, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(6):488-488. Published online December 12, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.488

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Original Articles

Prevalence and Management of Dyslipidemia in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1998 to 2010: Eun Roh, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Dae Jung Kim, Sung Hee Choi, Soo Lim, Bong-Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(6):433-449. Published online December 12, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.433

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Background

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing trends in the prevalence and management status of dyslipidemia among Korean adults.

Methods

The prevalence of dyslipidemia and the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were investigated in adults aged ≥20 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys (KNHANES) 1998 to 2010. The updated National Cholesterol Education Program criteria was used, which define dyslipidemia as having one or more of the following lipid abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or diagnosis of dyslipidemia or use of lipid-lowering drugs), hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), hyper-low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia (≥160 mg/dL or diagnosis of dyslipidemia or use of lipid-lowering drugs), and hypo-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women).

Results

The number of participants was 6,921, 4,894, 5,312, 2,733, 6,295, 6,900, and 5,738 in KNHANES 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Age-standardized prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were 54.0%, 65.8%, 66.5%, 60.6%, 58.7%, 58.9%, and 59.0% in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia were the two most frequent lipid abnormalities. The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia increased by 1.36- and 1.35-fold in 2010 compared with 2007, respectively. Awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia improved over the period of surveys in both sexes. In 2010, about 30% of dyslipidemic patients who received lipid-lowering treatment reached target levels.

Conclusion

Although the management status of dyslipidemia has improved during recent years, effective strategy is required for achieving better prevention, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia.

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Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes according to Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: Ja Young Jeon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Myoung-jin Jang, Yuna Kim, Kyungwon Oh, Dae Jung Kim, Bong-Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):349-357. Published online October 17, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.349

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Background

Due to the inconvenience of performing oral glucose tolerance tests and day to day variability in glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association as a method to diagnose diabetes. In addition, the Korean Diabetes Association has also recommended the use of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of diabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level only or the combination of FPG and HbA1c tests.

Methods

Data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed. Among 5,811 subjects aged 30 years or older, 5,020 were selected after excluding the data of fasting time <8 hours, missing values from fasting glucose or HbA1c level, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by physicians, or current use of antidiabetic medications. Diabetes was defined as FPG ≥126 mg/dL, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by a medical doctor, current use of antidiabetic medications, and/or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as FPG of 100 to 125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4%.

Results

When we used FPG only, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 10.5% (men, 12.6%; women, 8.5%) and 19.3% (men, 23.8%; women, 14.9%), respectively. When HbA1c was included as a diagnostic test, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased to 12.4% (men, 14.5%; women, 10.4%) and 38.3% (men, 41%; women, 35.7%), respectively. Participants with HbA1c ≥6.5% and fasting glucose level <126 mg/dL were older and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion

We concluded that using fasting glucose level only may result in an underestimation of diabetes and prediabetes. HbA1c is an acceptable complementary diagnostic test for diabetes in Korean patients. However, national standardization is needed to order to use HbA1c as a diagnostic method of diabetes and prediabetes.

Citations

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C-Peptide-Based Index Is More Related to Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Non-Diabetic Subjects than Insulin-Based Index
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Lifestyle Genomics.2016; 9(1): 47. CrossRef
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Diabetic Retinopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji-Hoon Kim, Kun-Woong Moon, Yong-Moon Park, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(4):262-269. Published online August 14, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.4.262

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Background

We investigated the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional design to examine 167 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent biochemical and ophthalmological examination. We assessed endothelial dysfunction by a flow-mediated vasodilation method of the brachial artery. Changes in vasodilation (flow-mediated vasodilatation, %FMD) were expressed as percent change over baseline values.

Results

The mean±standard deviation of patient age was 54.1±8.6 years. The %FMD was significantly lower in patients with DR than without DR. The prevalence of retinopathy decreased across increasing tertiles of %FMD. After adjusting for patients' age, sex, diabetes duration, use of insulin, use of antihypertensive, antiplatelet, and lipid lowering medications, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and urinary albumin excretion, participants with a reduced %FMD were more likely to have DR (odds ratio, 11.819; 95% confidence interval, 2.201 to 63.461; P=0.004, comparing the lowest and highest tertiles of %FMD).

Conclusion

Endothelial dysfunction was associated with DR, which was most apparent when the endothelial dysfunction was severe. Our study provides insights into the possible mechanism of the influence of endothelial dysfunction on the development of DR.

Citations

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Editorial

Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes: Jae Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(4):273-274. Published online August 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.4.273

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Citations

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