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Original Article
Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Jaehyun Bae, Eonju Jeon, Ji Min Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Jung Hwan Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Bong-Soo Cha, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):546-708.   Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0249
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Citations

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  • Adherence to the nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
    Jong Han Choi, Chen Lulu, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Editorial
Does Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Combination Therapy Offer Potential Benefits for Glucose Metabolism beyond Lipid-Lowering Efficacy in T2DM?
Il Rae Park, Jun Sung Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(3):387-389.   Published online May 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0168
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Original Articles
Drug Regimen
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The Efficacy and Safety of Moderate-Intensity Rosuvastatin with Ezetimibe versus High-Intensity Rosuvastatin in High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open, Parallel, Phase 4 Study
Jun Sung Moon, Il Rae Park, Sang Soo Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Ji Hyun Lee, Inkyu Lee, Bo Kyeong Lee, Kyu Chang Won
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):818-825.   Published online November 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0171
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To investigate the efficacy and safety of moderate-intensity rosuvastatin/ezetimibe combination compared to highintensity rosuvastatin in high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This study was a randomized, multicenter, open, parallel phase 4 study, and enrolled T2DM subjects with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. The primary endpoint was the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) change rate after 24-week rosuvastatin 10 mg/ezetimibe 10 mg treatment was non-inferior to that of rosuvastatin 20 mg. The achievement proportion of 10-year ASCVD risk <7.5% or comprehensive lipid target (LDL-C <70 mg/dL, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL, and apolipoprotein B <80 mg/dL) without discontinuation, and several metabolic parameters were explored as secondary endpoints.
Results
A hundred and six participants were assigned to each group. Both groups showed significant reduction in % change of LDL-C from baseline at week 24 (–63.90±6.89 vs. –55.44±6.85, combination vs. monotherapy, p=0.0378; respectively), but the combination treatment was superior to high-intensity monotherapy in LDL-C change (%) from baseline (least square [LS] mean difference, –8.47; 95% confidence interval, –16.44 to –0.49; p=0.0378). The combination treatment showed a higher proportion of achieved comprehensive lipid targets rather than monotherapy (85.36% vs. 62.22% in monotherapy, p=0.015). The ezetimibe combination significantly improved homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function even without A1c changes (LS mean difference, 17.13; p=0.0185).
Conclusion
In high ASCVD risk patients with T2DM, the combination of moderate-intensity rosuvastatin and ezetimibe was not only non-inferior but also superior to improving dyslipidemia with additional benefits compared to high-intensity rosuvastatin monotherapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Does Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Combination Therapy Offer Potential Benefits for Glucose Metabolism beyond Lipid-Lowering Efficacy in T2DM?
    Il Rae Park, Jun Sung Moon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 387.     CrossRef
Drug Regimen
Article image
Efficacy and Safety of Evogliptin Add-on Therapy to Dapagliflozin/Metformin Combinations in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Design Phase-3 Trial with a 28-Week Extension
Jun Sung Moon, Il Rae Park, Hae Jin Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Kyu Chang Won, Kyung Ah Han, Cheol-Young Park, Jong Chul Won, Dong Jun Kim, Gwan Pyo Koh, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Chang Beom Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):808-817.   Published online September 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0387
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study investigates the long-term efficacy and safety of evogliptin add-on therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) previously received dapagliflozin and metformin (DAPA/MET) combination.
Methods
In this multicenter randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels 7.0% to 10.5% (n=283) previously used DAPA 10 mg plus MET (≥1,000 mg) were randomly assigned to the evogliptin 5 mg once daily or placebo group (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in the HbA1c level from baseline at week 24, and exploratory endpoints included the efficacy and safety of evogliptin over 52 weeks (trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04170998).
Results
Evogliptin add-on to DAPA/MET therapy was superior in HbA1c reduction compared to placebo at weeks 24 and 52 (least square [LS] mean difference, –0.65% and –0.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.79 to –0.51 and –0.71 to –0.39; P<0.0001). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7% was higher in the triple combination group at week 52 (32.14% vs. 8.51% in placebo; odds ratio, 5.62; P<0.0001). Evogliptin significantly reduced the fasting glucose levels and mean daily glucose levels with improvement in homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (LS mean difference, 9.04; 95% CI, 1.86 to 16.21; P=0.0138). Adverse events were similar between the groups, and no serious adverse drug reactions were reported in the evogliptin group.
Conclusion
Long-term triple combination with evogliptin added to DAPA/MET showed superior HbA1c reduction and glycemic control compared to placebo at 52 weeks and was well tolerated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
    In‐Kyung Jeong, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Ah Han, Kyoung‐Ah Kim, In Joo Kim, Seung Jin Han, Won Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Editorial
Navigating the Seas of Glycemic Control: The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Jun Sung Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):345-346.   Published online May 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0125
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Original Article
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Safety and Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Nationwide Post-Marketing Surveillance
Jun Sung Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Jae Hyoung Cho, In-Kyung Jeong, Soon Hee Lee, Ji-Oh Mok, Nan Hee Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Jinhong Cho, Dong Woo Lee, Sun Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):82-91.   Published online June 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0356
  • 7,009 View
  • 332 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin in routine clinical settings, we collected and assessed the clinical profiles of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
This was a post-marketing surveillance study of empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg. Information on adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was collected as safety data sets. Available effectiveness outcomes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and blood pressure, were assessed.
Results
The incidence rate of ADRs was 5.14% in the safety dataset (n=3,231). Pollakiuria, pruritis genital, and weight loss were the most common ADRs. ADRs of special interest accounted for only 1.18%, and there were no serious events that led to mortality or hospitalization. In the effectiveness data set (n=2,567), empagliflozin significantly reduced the mean HbA1c level and body weight during the study period by –0.68%±1.39% and –1.91±3.37 kg (both P<0.0001), respectively. In addition, shorter disease duration, absence of dyslipidemia, and higher baseline HbA1c levels were identified as the clinical features characteristic of a “responder” to empagliflozin therapy.
Conclusion
Empagliflozin is a safe and potent glucose-lowering drug in routine use among Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is expected to have better glycemic efficacy in Korean patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Bangladeshi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (EFFISAEM Study)
    Mohammad Saifuddin, Ajit Kumar Paul, Sultana Marufa Shefin, Md. Jahangir Alam, Shahjada Selim, Sunjida Islam, Tanjina Hossain, Sadiqa Tuqan, Nusrat Sultana, Marufa Mustari, Ramen Chandra Basak, Kazi Ali Aftab, Indrajit Prasad, Mohammad Rafiq Uddin, Shoma
    Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Blood pressure reduction with empagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a post-hoc sub-analysis of the placebo-controlled randomized EMBLEM trial
    Atsushi Tanaka, Michio Shimabukuro, Hiroki Teragawa, Hisako Yoshida, Yosuke Okada, Toshinari Takamura, Isao Taguchi, Shigeru Toyoda, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Shinichiro Ueda, Yukihito Higashi, Koichi Node, Junya Ako, Hirohisa Amano, Itaru Hisauchi, Yumi Ikehara
    Hypertension Research.2024; 47(9): 2295.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Two Empagliflozin Formulations in Healthy Korean Subjects
    Xu Jiang, Sungyeun Bae, Deok Yong Yoon, Shin Jung Park, Jaeseong Oh, Joo-Youn Cho, Kyung-Sang Yu
    Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2023; Volume 17: 2137.     CrossRef
  • Comparative safety of different sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Chun Xing Li, Li Yan Liu, Chen Xiao Zhang, Xu Hua Geng, Si Meng Gu, Yu Qiao Wang, Hua Liu, Qing Xie, Shuo Liang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Response
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:675-83)
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):162-163.   Published online January 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0331
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Special Editorial
Drug/Regimen
Article image
The History of Insulin Therapy in Korea
Jun Sung Moon, Jong Chul Won, Young Min Cho
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):623-628.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0171
  • 4,571 View
  • 141 Download
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • History of insulin treatment of pediatric patients with diabetes in Korea
    Jae Hyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
    Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 26(4): 237.     CrossRef
Response
Impact of Social Distancing Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:109-14)
Sung-Don Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Jae-Han Jeon, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun-Gyu Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(2):279-280.   Published online March 25, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0300
  • 4,732 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Indicators of biochemical control of diabetes mellitus during limited availability of health service in the context of hypoglycemic therapy
    Marcin Kleibert, Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska, Klaudia Korycka, Iga Płachta, Patrycja Małgorzata Bąk, Daniel Bałut, Jakub Zieliński, Wojciech Zgliczyński
    Wiadomości Lekarskie.2024; 77(7): 1318.     CrossRef
  • A cross-sectional study on the telemedicine usage and glycemic status of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Novi Sulistia Wati, Pokkate Wongsasuluk, Pradana Soewondo
    Medical Journal of Indonesia.2021; 30(3): 215.     CrossRef
Short Communication
COVID-19
Article image
Impact of Social Distancing Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sung-Don Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Yin Young Lee, Nan Hee Cho, Ji-Hyun Lee, Jae-Han Jeon, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun-Gyu Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):109-114.   Published online December 4, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0226
  • 10,219 View
  • 325 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
This study investigated the impact of social distancing due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We retrospectively analyzed the change in glycosylated hemoglobin level (ΔHbA1c) in people with T2DM who undertook social distancing because of COVID-19. We compared the ΔHbA1c between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohorts that were enrolled at the same time of year. The ΔHbA1c of the COVID-19 cohort was significantly higher than that of two non-COVID-19 cohorts. Subgroup analysis according to age and baseline HbA1c level showed that social distancing significantly increased the mean HbA1c level of participants of <50 years. The ΔHbA1c of participants of <50 years and with HbA1c <7.0% in the COVID-19 cohort showed larger changes than other subgroups. In adjusted model, adjusted ΔHbA1c levels in the COVID-19 cohort remained significantly higher than those in the two other cohorts. Social distancing negatively impacts blood glucose control in people with T2DM, especially those who are younger and have good blood glucose control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of two COVID-19 lockdowns on HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and associations with patient characteristics: a multicentre, observational cohort study over three years
    Ingmar Schäfer, Daniel Tajdar, Laura Walther, Lasse Bittner, Dagmar Lühmann, Martin Scherer
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the achievement of guideline targets for HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in people with diabetes in Japan
    Shingo Kuwajima, Takahito Itoh, Tatsuya Sato, Shoya Ino, Satoru Shibata, Kouhei Ohno, Hiroyuki Hotta, Tomoaki Matsumoto, Hitoshi Ooiwa, Hirofumi Kubo, Takayuki Miki
    Diabetology International.2024; 15(3): 507.     CrossRef
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    Chandana Wijeweera, Ummul Muhfaza, Reginald V. Lord, Peter Petocz, Juliana Chen, Veronica Preda
    Primary Care Diabetes.2024; 18(3): 308.     CrossRef
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    Abdulbari Bener, Murat Atmaca, Abdulla O. A. A. Al-Hamaq, Antonio Ventriglio
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(4): 377.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Atrial Fibrillation: A Comprehensive Review
    Panagiotis Stachteas, Athina Nasoufidou, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Paschalis Karakasis, Sophia Alexiou, Athanasios Samaras, Georgios Zormpas, George Stavropoulos, Dimitrios Tsalikakis, George Kassimis, Christodoulos Papadopoulos, Niko
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(18): 5408.     CrossRef
  • Self-Care of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Interpretive Description Study
    Michela Luciani, Camilla Bigoni, Marta Canesi, Matteo Masotto, Diletta Fabrizi, Stefania Di Mauro, Davide Ausili
    Clinical Nursing Research.2023; 32(1): 73.     CrossRef
  • Changes in body weight and glycemic control in association with COVID-19 Shutdown among 23,000 adults with type 2 diabetes
    Emily Panza, Kevin E. Kip, Kripa Venkatakrishnan, Oscar C. Marroquin, Rena R. Wing
    Acta Diabetologica.2023; 60(6): 787.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of a Lockdown for the COVID-19 Pandemic on Seasonal HbA1c Variation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
    Yu-Cheng Cheng, Yu-Hsuan Li, Hsiu-Chen Liu, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Wan-Jen Chang, I-Te Lee, Chin-Li Lu
    Life.2023; 13(3): 763.     CrossRef
  • Changes in the mean incidence and variance of orthopedic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a retrospective study
    Joo-Hee Kim, Mi Jung Kwon, Hyo Geun Choi, Sang Jun Lee, Sangwon Hwang, Jaemin Lee, San-Hui Lee, Jung Woo Lee
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gender differences-based bioinformatics analysis to identify hub genes and key pathways in type 2 diabetes
    Md Sojib Hossain, Subrina Islam Rupa, Md Sumon Sarkar, Md Al Amin, Mst Tania Khatun, Md Shamim, Md Zahidul Islam
    Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.2023; 40: 101302.     CrossRef
  • Retrospective Study on the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Northern Taiwan
    Hsuan Huang, Hsiao-Ling Su, Chih-Hsung Huang, Yi-Hsin Lin
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 2539.     CrossRef
  • Understanding impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on glycemic control for patients with diabetes in Japan
    Kiyoko Uno-Eder, Noriko Satoh-Asahara, Manabu Hibiya, Kenji Uno, Takuya Uchino, Koji Morita, Toshio Ishikawa, Tetsuji Kaneko, Hajime Yamakage, Yuki Kitaoka, Tomohiro Sawa, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Tamio Teramoto
    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2023; 22(2): 1695.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on unmet social needs, self-care, and outcomes among people with diabetes and poor glycemic control
    Minal R. Patel, Guanghao Zhang, Cindy Leung, Peter X.K. Song, Michele Heisler, Hae Mi Choe, Roshanak Mehdipanah, Xu Shi, Kenneth Resnicow, Geila Rajaee, John D. Piette
    Primary Care Diabetes.2022; 16(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Glycemic Control and Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Diabetes in Japan
    Keisuke Endo, Takayuki Miki, Takahito Itoh, Hirofumi Kubo, Ryosuke Ito, Kouhei Ohno, Hiroyuki Hotta, Nobuo Kato, Tomoaki Matsumoto, Aya Kitamura, Mai Tamayama, Takako Wataya, Ayaka Yamaya, Rei Ishikawa, Hitoshi Ooiwa
    Internal Medicine.2022; 61(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glycaemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Omorogieva Ojo, Xiao-Hua Wang, Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo, Edith Orjih, Nivedita Pavithran, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Qian-Qian Feng, Paul McCrone
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1095.     CrossRef
  • Lifestyles Under Lockdown: A Scoping Review of International Studies on Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors During COVID-19
    Caroline Cummings, Kagnica Seng, Ryan Tweet, Julie Wagner
    Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Substitution of telemedicine for clinic visit during the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020: Comparison of telemedicine and clinic visit
    Yukiko Onishi, Rieko Ichihashi, Yoko Yoshida, Tazu Tahara, Takako Kikuchi, Toshiko Kobori, Tetsuya Kubota, Masahiko Iwamoto, Shoko Hamano, Masato Kasuga
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2022; 13(9): 1617.     CrossRef
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of patients with chronic diseases in Primary Health Care
    Panagiotis Stachteas, Manolis Symvoulakis, Apostolos Tsapas, Emmanouil Smyrnakis
    Population Medicine.2022; 4(August): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Monitoring and Treatment Balance of Finnish Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Patients
    Piia Lavikainen, Marja-Leena Lamidi, Teppo Repo, Laura Inglin, Janne Martikainen, Tiina Laatikainen
    Clinical Epidemiology.2022; Volume 14: 1363.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Social Distancing Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:109-14)
    Junghyun Noh
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(2): 275.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Social Distancing Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:109-14)
    Sung-Don Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Jae-Han Jeon, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun-Gyu Park
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(2): 279.     CrossRef
  • Glucose control in diabetes during home confinement for the first pandemic wave of COVID-19: a meta-analysis of observational studies
    Giovanni Antonio Silverii, Chiara Delli Poggi, Ilaria Dicembrini, Matteo Monami, Edoardo Mannucci
    Acta Diabetologica.2021; 58(12): 1603.     CrossRef
  • The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus in Turkey: a multi-center study from Kocaeli
    Alev Selek, Emre Gezer, Eda Altun, Mehmet Sözen, Ömercan Topaloğlu, Damla Köksalan, Halil Demirkan, Dilek Karakaya, Berrin Cetinarslan, Zeynep Cantürk, Dilek Taymez
    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2021; 20(2): 1461.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Social Distancing on Diabetes Management in Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic
    Soo Myoung Shin, Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(5): 765.     CrossRef
  • Year-Long Trend in Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Jonghwa Jin, Seong Wook Lee, Won-Ki Lee, Jae-Han Jeon, Jung-Guk Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Keun-Gyu Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 1142.     CrossRef
Response
Response: The Risk of Diabetes on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:405–13)
Seung Min Chung, June Hong Ahn, Jun Sung Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):625-626.   Published online August 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0167
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk factors and outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analytic synthesis of observational studies
    Upasna Gaba, Mohammad Altamish, Md Azharuddin, Mohammad Adil, Pinaki Ghosh, Bishal Gyawali, Yogesh Yadav, Manju Sharma
    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2022; 21(2): 1395.     CrossRef
  • Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors
    Melina Farshbafnadi, Sara Kamali Zonouzi, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Mahsa Dolatshahi, Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
    Experimental Gerontology.2021; 154: 111507.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Narut Prasitlumkum, Ronpichai Chokesuwattanaskul, Charat Thongprayoon, Tarun Bathini, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula, Wisit Cheungpasitporn
    Diseases.2020; 8(4): 40.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Jeong Mi Kim, Min Hee Jang, Kyung Ae Lee, Ju Hyung Lee, Seung Min Chung, Young Sang Lyu, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Sung Woo Kim, Eonju Jeon, Nan Hee Cho, Mi-Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Jin Ook Chung, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Chang Won Lee, Young Il Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Kyu Chang Won, In Joo Kim, Tae Sun Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Hosang Shon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):675-683.   Published online August 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0107
  • 36,550 View
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  • 10 Web of Science
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated.

Results

In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, −1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy.

Conclusion

This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.

Citations

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Covid-19
Article image
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Diabetes in Daegu, South Korea
Mi Kyung Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Sung-Woo Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Nan Hee Cho, Eugene Han, Ji Hong You, Ji Yeon Lee, Miri Hyun, Jae Seok Park, Yong Shik Kwon, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Ki Tae Kwon, Shin Yup Lee, Eon Ju Jeon, Jin-Woo Kim, Hyo-Lim Hong, Hyun Hee Kwon, Chi Young Jung, Yin Young Lee, Eunyeoung Ha, Seung Min Chung, Jian Hur, June Hong Ahn, Na-young Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Hyun Ha Chang, Yong Hoon Lee, Jaehee Lee, Keun-Gyu Park, Hyun Ah Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):602-613.   Published online August 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0146
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Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that had affected more than eight million people worldwide by June 2020. Given the importance of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) for host immunity, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.

Methods

We conducted a multi-center observational study of 1,082 adult inpatients (aged ≥18 years) who were admitted to one of five university hospitals in Daegu because of the severity of their COVID-19-related disease. The demographic, laboratory, and radiologic findings, and the mortality, prevalence of severe disease, and duration of quarantine were compared between patients with and without DM. In addition, 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matching was conducted with the DM group.

Results

Compared with the non-DM group (n=847), patients with DM (n=235) were older, exhibited higher mortality, and required more intensive care. Even after PS-matching, patients with DM exhibited more severe disease, and DM remained a prognostic factor for higher mortality (hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 4.15). Subgroup analysis revealed that the presence of DM was associated with higher mortality, especially in older people (≥70 years old). Prior use of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor or a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor did not affect mortality or the clinical severity of the disease.

Conclusion

DM is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Our findings imply that COVID-19 patients with DM, especially if elderly, require special attention and prompt intensive care.

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Response
Response: Acute Hyperglycemic Crises with Coronavirus Disease-19: Case Reports (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:349–53)
Na-young Kim, Eunyeong Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Yong-Hoon Lee, Eun Young Choi
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(3):484-485.   Published online June 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0129
[Original]
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Original Article
Complications
Article image
The Risk of Diabetes on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Seung Min Chung, Yin Young Lee, Eunyeong Ha, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Hyoung Woo Lee, Jian Hur, Kyung Soo Hong, Jong Geol Jang, Hyun Jung Jin, Eun Young Choi, Kyeong-Cheol Shin, Jin Hong Chung, Kwan Ho Lee, June Hong Ahn, Jun Sung Moon
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(3):405-413.   Published online May 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0105
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

To determine the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we explored the clinical characteristics of patients with DM and compared risk factors such as age, glycemic control, and medications to those without DM.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 117 confirmed patients with COVID-19 which conducted at a tertiary hospital in Daegu, South Korea. The primary outcome was defined as the severe and critical outcome (SCO), of which the composite outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, intensive care unit care, and 28-day mortality. We analyzed what clinical features and glycemic control-related factors affect the prognosis of COVID-19 in the DM group.

Results

After exclusion, 110 participants were finally included. DM patients (n=29) was older, and showed higher blood pressure compared to non-DM patients. DM group showed higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and severity score, and highly progressed to SCO. After adjustment with other risk factors, DM increased the risk of SCO (odds ratio [OR], 10.771; P<0.001). Among the DM patients, SCO was more prevalent in elderly patients of ≥70 years old and age was an independent risk factor for SCO in patients with DM (OR, 1.175; P=0.014), while glycemic control was not. The use of medication did not affect the SCO, but the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors showed protective effects against acute cardiac injury (OR, 0.048; P=0.045).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 patients with DM had higher severity and resulted in SCO. Intensive and aggressive monitoring of COVID-19 clinical outcomes in DM group, especially in elderly patients is warranted.

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