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Therapeutic Target Achievement in Type 2 Diabetic Patients after Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia Management
Ah Young Kang, Su Kyung Park, So Young Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Ying Han, Sa Ra Lee, Sung Hwan Suh, Duk Kyu Kim, Mi Kyoung Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(3):264-272.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.3.264
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  • 39 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Our study group established "3H care" in 2002. The meaning of "3H care" attain and maintain adequate controls over hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. This study evaluated the achievement of target goals after one year or more of "3H care" by specialists in our diabetic clinic.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 200 type 2 diabetic patients who received "3H care" for one year or more in our diabetic clinic. We evaluated achievement of target goals for metabolic controls as suggested by the American Diabetes Association.

Results

Overall, 200 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled, of whom 106 were males (53%) and 94 were females (47%). After one year of "3H care," the mean HbA1c was 7.2±1.5% and the percentage of patients achieving glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) was 51.8%. However only 32.2% of hypertensive patients achieved the recommended target. After one year of "3H care," the percentages of those who achieved the target value for dyslipidemia were 80.0% for total cholesterol, 66.3% for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 57.9% for triglyceride, and 51.8% for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The percentage that achieved all three targets level was only 4.4% after one year and 14.8% after two years.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that only a minor proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes achieved the recommended goals despite the implementation of "3H care." It is our suggestion that better treatment strategies and methods should be used to control hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Achievement of the ABC goal among Canadians with type 2 diabetes and the influence of physical activity: data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
    Alexis Marcotte-Chénard, René Maréchal, Ahmed Ghachem, Alan Cohen, Eléonor Riesco
    Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.2023; 48(9): 657.     CrossRef
  • Poor Adherence to Common Recommendations and Associated Factors among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Police Hospital of Ethiopia
    Tariku Shimels, Melesse Abebaw, Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle
    Journal of Social Health and Diabetes.2021; 9(01): e8.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and correlation of glycemic control achievement in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iraq: A retrospective analysis of a tertiary care database over a 9-year period
    Abbas Ali Mansour, Nassar T.Y. Alibrahim, Haider A. Alidrisi, Ali H. Alhamza, Ammar M. Almomin, Ibrahim Abbood Zaboon, Muayad Baheer Kadhim, Rudha Naser Hussein, Hussein Ali Nwayyir, Adel Gassab Mohammed, Dheyaa K.J. Al-Waeli, Ibrahim Hani Hussein
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2020; 14(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorates Diabetic Retinopathy through PINK1-Dependent Activation of Mitophagy
    Ping Zhou, Weijie Xie, Xiangbao Meng, Yadong Zhai, Xi Dong, Xuelian Zhang, Guibo Sun, Xiaobo Sun
    Cells.2019; 8(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • Association of Self-Reported Dietary and Drug Compliance with Optimal Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Clinic-Based Single-Center Study in a Developing Country
    Thilak Priyantha Weerarathna, Miyuru Kavinda Weerarathna, Vidarsha Senadheera, Herath Mudiyanselage Meththananda Herath, Gayani Liyanage
    Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2018; 2018: 1.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among patients with type 2 diabetes
    Mauro Tancredi, Gudmundur Johannsson, Björn Eliasson, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Lindblad, Sofia Dahlqvist, Henrik Imberg, Marcus Lind
    Clinical Endocrinology.2017; 87(3): 233.     CrossRef
  • GS-E3D, a new pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract, inhibited diabetes-related renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Chan-Sik Kim, Kyuhyung Jo, Jin Sook Kim, Mi-Kyung Pyo, Junghyun Kim
    BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid and 4-phenylbutyrate prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy
    Ai-Li Cao, Li Wang, Xia Chen, Yun-Man Wang, Heng-Jiang Guo, Shuang Chu, Cheng Liu, Xue-Mei Zhang, Wen Peng
    Laboratory Investigation.2016; 96(6): 610.     CrossRef
  • Ursodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress
    Aili Cao, Li Wang, Xia Chen, Hengjiang Guo, Shuang Chu, Xuemei Zhang, Wen Peng
    Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2016; 39(8): 1300.     CrossRef
  • Withania coagulansFruit Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Kidneys of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
    Shreesh Ojha, Juma Alkaabi, Naheed Amir, Azimullah Sheikh, Ahmad Agil, Mohamed Abdelmonem Fahim, Abdu Adem
    Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2014; 2014: 1.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of cardiometabolic risk and prevalence of meeting treatment guidelines among patients with type 2 diabetes stratified according to their use of insulin and/or other diabetic medications: results from INSPIRE ME IAA
    J. Smith, J.‐A. Nazare, A.‐L. Borel, P. Aschner, P. J. Barter, L. Van Gaal, Y. Matsuzawa, T. Kadowaki, R. Ross, C. Brulle‐Wohlhueter, N. Alméras, S. M. Haffner, B. Balkau, J.‐P. Després
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2013; 15(7): 629.     CrossRef
  • Are PPAR alpha agonists a rational therapeutic strategy for preventing abnormalities of the diabetic kidney?
    Pitchai Balakumar, Supriya Kadian, Nanjaian Mahadevan
    Pharmacological Research.2012; 65(4): 430.     CrossRef
Adiponectin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with or without Metabolic Syndrome.
Ja Young Park, Ja Won Kim, Ji Min Kim, Ying Han, Soo Kyung Park, Ji Young Mok, Mi Kyoung Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Duk Kyu Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):224-235.   Published online June 1, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.224
  • 2,860 View
  • 22 Download
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Adipocytes produce several adipokines that modulate insulin action as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This study included 127 type 2 diabetic patients (males 63, females 64). The subjects were divided into two groups as with or without metabolic syndrome (MS(+) or MS(-)). The MS was diagnosed by International Diabetes Federation. Serum adiponectin, leptin, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, white blood corpuscle (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in MS(+) than MS(-) (4.8 +/- 2.4 microgram/mL vs 7.6 +/- 5.8 microgram/mL, 7.6 +/- 3.7 microgram/mL vs 11.5 +/- 7.2 microgram/mL, P < 0.05 in males and females). After adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), in MS (+), the serum levels of adiponectin correlated positively with high density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively with height, body weight, ALT and CRP. In MS(-), the serum levels of adiponectin correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride and CRP. By multiple regression analysis, no parameters were independently correlated with serum adiponectin concentrations in MS(+), while DBP and HDL-C were independently related to serum adiponectin concentrations in MS(-). CONCLUSION: Serum adiponectin concentrations were lower in type 2 diabetic patients with MS than without MS. There were no significant parameters related to decrease serum adiponectin concentrations in MS. But further study is needed to confirm this result.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Urinary adiponectin concentration is positively associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications
    Won Seon Jeon, Ji Woo Park, Namseok Lee, Se Eun Park, Eun Jung Rhee, Won Young Lee, Ki Won Oh, Sung Woo Park, Cheol-Young Park, Byung-Soo Youn
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Plasma Osteoprotegerin with Adiponectin and Difference according to Obesity in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
    Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(6): 762.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of 12-Weeks Intensive Intervention Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Adipocytokines and Nutrients Intakes in Industrial Male Workers
    Kieun Moon, Ill Keun Park, Yeon Sang Jo, Yun Kyun Chang, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi
    The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2011; 44(4): 292.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Nutrients Intakes, Dietary Quality, and Serum Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients
    Misung Kim, Juyoung Kim, Wookyung Bae, Sohye Kim, Yesong Lee, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Pancreatic Cancer in Diabetics and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes-associated with Pancreatic Cancer - Comparison between Diabetes with and without Pancreatic Cancer -
    Seung Goun Hong, Jae Seon Kim, Sung Joo Jung, Moon Kyung Joo, Beom Jae Lee, Jong Eun Yeon, Jong-Jae Park, Kwan Soo Byun, Young-Tae Bak
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2009; 54(3): 167.     CrossRef
Prevention of Diabetes by Fenofibrate in OLETF Rats: Hepatic Mechanism for Reducing Visceral Adiposity.
Hye Jeong Lee, Mi Kyoung Park, Kyung Il Lee, Young Jun An, Ji Min Kim, Ja Young Park, Young Han, Sook Hee Hong, Sun Seob Choi, Young Hyun Yoo, Joon Duk Suh, Duk Kyu Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(1):63-74.   Published online January 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.1.63
  • 2,605 View
  • 20 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatic mechanism of fenofibrate that has the diabetes protective action in rats. METHODS: We chose OLETF rats and divided them into three groups. Fenofibrate (DF) group was fed with diet and fenofibrate (300 mg/kg/day). Paired feeding (Dd) group and free diet (DD) group were fed with diet. After 36 weeks of treatment, all the rats were sacrificed. RESULTS: The fasting blood glucose level of DF group (8.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/L) showed normal. The fasting blood glucose level of Dd group (22.4 +/- 3.0 mmol/L) and DD group (16.9 +/- 3.7 mmol/L) showed significantly increased than that of DF group (P < 0.01, respectively). The body weight, visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue of DF group were significantly decreased compared to those of Dd and DD groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). DF group showed significantly increased state-3 respiration rate, ATP synthetic activity, state-4 respiration rate and their blood beta-keton body levels than those of control groups (P < 0.01, respectively). DF group showed normal morphology of hepatocytes but DD and Dd groups showed hepatic steatosis with mitochondrial swellings. CONCLUSION: Chronic fenofibrate treatment prevents the development of diabetes in OLETF rats with inhibiting gain of body weight and abdominal adiposity. The hepatic mechanism for reducing visceral adiposity is that fenofibrate leads to increasing oxidative phosphorylation, uncoupling and ketogenesis as well as increasing beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Moreover, fenofibrate treatment prevents the development of hepatic steatosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Differences of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors according to Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Elderly Korean Women
    Kyung-A Shin
    The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2016; 48(4): 304.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Soybean and DJI Chungkukjang Powder on Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Reduction in db/db Mice
    Jae-Joon Lee, Ah-Ra Kim, Hae-Choon Chang, Hae-Ok Jung, Myung-Yul Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2012; 41(8): 1086.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of fat and muscle proteins in fenofibratefed type II diabetic OLETF rats: the fenofibrate-dependent expression of PEBP or C11orf59 protein
    Jong-Ryeal Hahm, Jin-Sook Ahn, Hae-Sook Noh, Seon-Mi Baek, Ji-Hye Ha, Tae-Sik Jung, Yong-Jun An, Duk-Kyu Kim, Deok-Ryong Kim
    BMB Reports .2010; 43(5): 337.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of fat and muscle proteins in fenofibratefed type II diabetic OLETF rats: the fenofibrate-dependent expression of PEBP or C11orf59 protein
    Jong-Ryeal Hahm, Jin-Sook Ahn, Hae-Sook Noh, Seon-Mi Baek, Ji-Hye Ha, Tae-Sik Jung, Yong-Jun An, Duk-Kyu Kim, Deok-Ryong Kim
    BMB Reports.2010; 43(5): 337.     CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 DM Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver.
Ji Min Kim, Ja Young Park, Hyn Kyung Nam, Ja Won Kim, Su Kyung Park, Kyung Jin Nam, Mi Kyoung Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Duk Kyu Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):442-449.   Published online November 1, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.442
  • 2,424 View
  • 19 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is rendered as one component of metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the prevalence of MS as well as clinical and laboratory characteristics of Type 2 DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. METHODS: Fatty liver group (n = 71) who showed significant fatty change by ultrasonography and age, sex matched control group (n = 40) were studied retrospectively. We compared demographic and laboratory findings and prevalence of MS by modified WHO criteria and new IDF criteria between both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in age, DM duration, BMI, prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, CVA, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy between both groups. In fatty liver group, the plasma level of FBS, TG, ALT, total protein, albumin and GGT were significantly higher than those of control group (P = 0.033, P = 0.000, P = 0.002, P = 0.008, P = 0.003, P = 0.001). The plasma levels of HDL-C in fatty liver group were significantly lower than those of control group (P = 0.013). The plasma level of FBS, FFA, TG, total protein, albumin, ALT, HOMA(IR) and BMI were significantly related to the severity of fatty liver. The prevalence of MS in fatty liver group was significantly higher than that of control group by modified WHO criteria (P = 0.001) or new IDF criteria (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver frequently accompanied the metabolic syndrome. They showed nonspecific changes in the liver function tests.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cardio-Metabolic Features of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects Discordant in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
    Sa Rah Lee, Ying Han, Ja Won Kim, Ja Young Park, Ji Min Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Mi-Kyoung Park, Hye-Jeong Lee, Duk Kyu Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(5): 357.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Korean Adults : The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005.
    Mi Ah Han, So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Myung Geun Kang, Ki Soon Kim
    Korean Journal of Epidemiology.2008; 30(1): 25.     CrossRef

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