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Editorial
Why Are Doctors Not Interested in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission?
Heung Yong Jin, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):709-712.   Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0312
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Original Article
Guideline/Fact Sheet
Article image
Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022
Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):632-642.   Published online August 2, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0135
  • 6,832 View
  • 439 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022.
Methods
We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020.
Results
In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia—more than one out of three conditions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] [men and women] <40 mg/dL)—was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL.
Conclusion
Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Oxidative Balance Score and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees (KoGES-HEXA) Cohort
    Mid-Eum Moon, Dong Hyuk Jung, Seok-Jae Heo, Byoungjin Park, Yong Jae Lee
    Antioxidants.2024; 13(1): 107.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of metabolic and neurological comorbidities in Asian patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
    Hee Joo Yang, Mi Young Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Chang Jin Jung, Woo Jin Lee, Chong Hyun Won, Mi Woo Lee, Joon Min Jung, Sung Eun Chang
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population
    Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
    Metabolites.2024; 14(3): 169.     CrossRef
  • Body Weight Variability and Risk of Suicide Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Jeongmin Lee, Jin-Hyung Jung, Dong Woo Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jung Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Fuquan Zhang
    Depression and Anxiety.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • Association of atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglycerides‐glucose index with hypertension: A gender‐disaggregated analysis
    Rana Kolahi Ahari, Toktam Sahranavard, Amin Mansoori, Zahra Fallahi, Negin Babaeepoor, Gordon Ferns, Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(6): 645.     CrossRef
  • A Machine Learning Approach to Identify of Dyslipidemia based on Body Composition Indices in Men
    Mi Hong Yim, Sanghun Lee
    The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology.2024; 22(6): 153.     CrossRef
  • Association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with chronic kidney disease in participants with hypertension
    Yunmin Han, Younghwan Choi, Yeon Soo Kim
    Clinical Hypertension.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Recent trends of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Taiwan: 2015–2020
    Tzu-Yang Chen, Yu-Chung Hsiao, Yen-Wen Wu, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Thung-Lip Lee, I-Chang Hsieh, Yi-Heng Li, Wei-Hsian Yin, Hung-I Yeh, Jaw-Wen Chen, Fang-Ju Lin, Chau-Chung Wu
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Combination of Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Moderate-Intensity Statin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor
    Nam Hoon Kim, Juneyoung Lee, Suk Chon, Jae Myung Yu, In-Kyung Jeong, Soo Lim, Won Jun Kim, Keeho Song, Ho Chan Cho, Hea Min Yu, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Sang Soo Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Chong Hwa Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Yong‐ho Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Sihoon Lee, Heung Yong J
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 722.     CrossRef
  • Exploring Utilization and Establishing Reference Intervals for the Apolipoprotein B Test in the Korean Population
    Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(20): 3194.     CrossRef
Response
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:675-83)
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):162-163.   Published online January 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0331
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Original Article
Complications
Article image
Influence of Glucose Fluctuation on Peripheral Nerve Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Yu Ji Kim, Na Young Lee, Kyung Ae Lee, Tae Sun Park, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):117-128.   Published online September 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0275
  • 6,321 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
It is unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is a risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and whether control of GV is beneficial for DPN. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GV on peripheral nerve damage by inducing glucose fluctuation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods
Rats were divided into four groups: normal (normal glucose group [NOR]), diabetes without treatment (sustained severe hyperglycemia group; diabetes mellitus [DM]), diabetes+once daily insulin glargine (stable hyperglycemia group; DM+LAN), and diabetes+once daily insulin glargine with twice daily insulin glulisine (unstable glucose fluctuation group; DM+Lantus [LAN]+Apidra [API]). We measured anti-oxidant enzyme levels and behavioral responses against tactile, thermal, and pressure stimuli in the plasma of rats. We also performed a quantitative comparison of cutaneous and sciatic nerves according to glucose fluctuation.
Results
At week 24, intraepidermal nerve fiber density was less reduced in the insulin-administered groups compared to the DM group (P<0.05); however, a significant difference was not observed between the DM+LAN and DM+LAN+API groups irrespective of glucose fluctuation (P>0.05; 16.2±1.6, 12.4±2.0, 14.3±0.9, and 13.9±0.6 for NOR, DM, DM+LAN, and DM+LAN+API, respectively). The DM group exhibited significantly decreased glutathione levels compared to the insulin-administered groups (2.64±0.10 μmol/mL, DM+LAN; 1.93±0.0 μmol/mL, DM+LAN+API vs. 1.25±0.04 μmol/mL, DM; P<0.05).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that glucose control itself is more important than glucose fluctuation in the prevention of peripheral nerve damage, and intra-day glucose fluctuation has a limited effect on the progression of peripheral neuropathy in rats with diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Glucose Fluctuation Inhibits Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Hippocampal Tissues and Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
    Haiyan Chi, Yujing Sun, Peng Lin, Junyu Zhou, Jinbiao Zhang, Yachao Yang, Yun Qiao, Deshan Liu, Eusebio Chiefari
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • Artesunate Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Survival in Schwann Cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
    Xin Zhang, Zhifang Liang, Ying Zhou, Fang Wang, Shan Wei, Bing Tan, Yujie Guo
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2023; 46(6): 764.     CrossRef
  • The Potential of Glucose Treatment to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Apoptosis of Inflamed Neural Cells In Vitro
    Juin-Hong Cherng, Shu-Jen Chang, Hsin-Da Tsai, Chung-Fang Chun, Gang-Yi Fan, Kenneth Dean Reeves, King Hei Stanley Lam, Yung-Tsan Wu
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(7): 1837.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between acute glucose variability and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Haiyan Chi, Min Song, Jinbiao Zhang, Junyu Zhou, Deshan Liu, Victor Manuel Mendoza-Nuñez
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(9): e0289782.     CrossRef
Responses
Lost in Translation? Measuring Diabetic Neuropathy in Humans and Animals (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:27-42)
Heung Yong Jin, Seong-Su Moon, Nigel A. Calcutt
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(3):457-458.   Published online May 25, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0034
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  • 1 Crossref
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Multimodal Comparison of Diabetic Neuropathy in Aged Streptozotocin-Treated Sprague–Dawley and Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
    Annalisa Canta, Valentina A. Carozzi, Alessia Chiorazzi, Cristina Meregalli, Norberto Oggioni, Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez, Barbara Sala, Roberto Cosimo Melcangi, Silvia Giatti, Raffaella Lombardi, Roberto Bianchi, Paola Marmiroli, Guido Cavaletti
    Biomedicines.2022; 11(1): 20.     CrossRef
Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53)
Sun Hee Kim, Tae Sun Park, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):127-128.   Published online January 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0289
  • 3,689 View
  • 106 Download
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Review
Complications
Article image
Lost in Translation? Measuring Diabetic Neuropathy in Humans and Animals
Heung Yong Jin, Seong-Su Moon, Nigel A. Calcutt
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):27-42.   Published online December 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0216
  • 9,801 View
  • 245 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The worldwide diabetes epidemic is estimated to currently afflict almost 500 million persons. Long-term diabetes damages multiple organ systems with the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nervous systems being particularly vulnerable. These complications of diabetes reduce lifespan, impede quality of life and impose a huge social and economic burden on both the individual and society. Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating complication that will impact over half of all persons with diabetes. There is no treatment for diabetic neuropathy and a disturbingly long history of therapeutic approaches showing promise in preclinical studies but failing to translate to the clinic. These failures have prompted re-examination of both the animal models and clinical trial design. This review focuses on the functional and structural parameters used as indices of peripheral neuropathy in preclinical and clinical studies and the extent to which they share a common pathogenesis and presentation. Nerve conduction studies in large myelinated fibers have long been the mainstay of preclinical efficacy screening programs and clinical trials, supplemented by quantitative sensory tests. However, a more refined approach is emerging that incorporates measures of small fiber density in the skin and cornea alongside these traditional assays at both preclinical and clinical phases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
    Raffaele Galiero, Alfredo Caturano, Erica Vetrano, Domenico Beccia, Chiara Brin, Maria Alfano, Jessica Di Salvo, Raffaella Epifani, Alessia Piacevole, Giuseppina Tagliaferri, Maria Rocco, Ilaria Iadicicco, Giovanni Docimo, Luca Rinaldi, Celestino Sardu, T
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3554.     CrossRef
  • Bidirectional association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency: Two longitudinal 9-year follow-up studies using a national sample cohort
    Heung Yong Jin, Kyung Ae Lee, Yu Ji Kim, In Sun Gwak, Tae Sun Park, Sang Woo Yeom, Jong Seung Kim
    Primary Care Diabetes.2023; 17(5): 436.     CrossRef
  • Advanced Drug Delivery System for Management of Chronic Diabetes Wound Healing
    Harish Bhardwaj, Sulekha Khute, Ram Sahu, Rajendra Kumar Jangde
    Current Drug Targets.2023; 24(16): 1239.     CrossRef
  • A Real-World Analysis of High-Frequency 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
    Jeffrey L. Chen, Andrew W. Hesseltine, Sara E. Nashi, Shawn M. Sills, Tory L. McJunkin, Sandeep Patil, Manish Bharara, David L. Caraway, Elizabeth S. Brooks
    Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology.2022; 16(2): 282.     CrossRef
  • Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Identify Therapeutic Agents for Diabetic Neuropathy
    Corinne G. Jolivalt, May Madi Han, Annee Nguyen, Fiona Desmond, Carlos Henrique Alves Jesus, Daniela C. Vasconselos, Andrea Pedneault, Natalie Sandlin, Sage Dunne-Cerami, Katie E. Frizzi, Nigel A. Calcutt
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(9): 2307.     CrossRef
  • Glycyrrhizic acid promotes sciatic nerves recovery in type 1 diabetic rats and protects Schwann cells from high glucose-induced cytotoxicity
    Min Shi, Xiangcheng Zhang, Ridong Zhang, Hong Zhang, Dalong Zhu, Xiao Han
    The Journal of Biomedical Research.2022; 36(3): 181.     CrossRef
  • Novel mechanisms of pain in painful diabetic neuropathy
    Rayaz A. Malik
    Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2022; 18(8): 459.     CrossRef
  • An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity
    Neng-Wei Tsai, Cheng-Chen Lin, Ti-Yen Yeh, Yu-An Chiu, Hsin-Hui Chiu, Hsiang-Po Huang, Sung-Tsang Hsieh
    Disease Models & Mechanisms.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Biomarker for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
    Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Georgios Ponirakis, Maryam Ferdousi, Shazli Azmi, Alise Kalteniece, Adnan Khan, Hoda Gad, Bilal Bashir, Andrew Marshall, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Handrean Soran, Rayaz A. Malik
    Clinical Therapeutics.2021; 43(9): 1457.     CrossRef
  • Lost in Translation? Measuring Diabetic Neuropathy in Humans and Animals (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:27-42)
    Otto Jesus Hernandez Fustes
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(3): 452.     CrossRef
  • Lost in Translation? Measuring Diabetic Neuropathy in Humans and Animals (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:27-42)
    Heung Yong Jin, Seong-Su Moon, Nigel A. Calcutt
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(3): 457.     CrossRef
  • Sterculia tragacantha Lindl Leaf Extract Ameliorates STZ-Induced Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Neuronal Impairment
    Amos Sunday Onikanni, Bashir Lawal, Augustine O Olusola, Janet O Olugbodi, Saidu Sani, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Omotayo B Ilesanmi, Mohammed Alqarni, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Ahmad J Obaidullah, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Alexander TH Wu
    Journal of Inflammation Research.2021; Volume 14: 6749.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Jeong Mi Kim, Min Hee Jang, Kyung Ae Lee, Ju Hyung Lee, Seung Min Chung, Young Sang Lyu, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Sung Woo Kim, Eonju Jeon, Nan Hee Cho, Mi-Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Jin Ook Chung, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Chang Won Lee, Young Il Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Kyu Chang Won, In Joo Kim, Tae Sun Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Hosang Shon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):675-683.   Published online August 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0107
  • 36,772 View
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated.

Results

In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, −1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy.

Conclusion

This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Estimating Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence: A Model of Drug Consumption Data
    Rita Oliveira, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, José Pedro Guerreiro, Rúben Pereira, António Teixeira-Rodrigues
    Pharmacy.2024; 12(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Disease burden and symptom management in type 2 diabetic patients: A phenomenological study
    Sevgi Demir Çam, Sevda Uzun
    Public Health Nursing.2024; 41(6): 1291.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin added to metformin plus gemigliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, comparator-active study: ENHANCE-D study
    Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Tae Nyun Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Jung Hwan Park, Sang Yong Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Kee Ho Song, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Gwanpyo Koh, Jun Goo Kang, Mi Kyung Kim, Ji Min Han, Nan Hee Kim, Ji Oh Mok, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sang S
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; 49(4): 101440.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and safety of teneligliptin added to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by oral triple combination therapy: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study
    Minyoung Lee, Woo‐je Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung‐Wan Lee
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(6): 1105.     CrossRef
  • A double‐blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose‐lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study
    Soree Ryang, Sang Soo Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Ji Min Han, Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Il Kim, Il Seong Nam‐Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Mi‐kyung Kim, Chang Won Lee, Soyeon Yoo, Gwanpyo Koh, Min Jeong Kwon, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(9): 1800.     CrossRef
  • Glycaemic control with add‐on thiazolidinedione or a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes after the failure of an oral triple antidiabetic regimen: A 24‐week, randomized controlled trial
    Jaehyun Bae, Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, Yong‐Ho Lee, Byung‐Wan Lee
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2021; 23(2): 609.     CrossRef
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats
Sun Hee Kim, Tae Sun Park, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(6):842-853.   Published online May 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0190
  • 7,370 View
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  • 13 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Metformin is widely marketed medication for the treatment of diabetes, but its pharmacological effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains unclear. In this study, the effect of metformin on peripheral nerves in diabetic rats was investigated using diverse neuronal parameters of nerve fibers.

Methods

Rats were assigned to one of four groups (n=7 to 10 per group): normal, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM+metformin (100 mg/kg), and DM+alpha lipoic acid (ALA, 100 mg/kg). DM was induced by streptozotocin/high-fat diet (STZ/HFD). After 12 weeks, the sensory thresholds to mechanical and heat stimuli were assessed. Repeated sensory tests, immunofluorescence microscopic comparison of peripheral nerves, and biochemical blood analysis were performed after 24 weeks.

Results

Both DM+metformin and DM+ALA groups showed similar trends to diverse sensory tests at 24 weeks compared to DM group although the degree of change were different according to the stimulated senses. There was no significant difference in the comparison of the intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) of peripheral nerves between the DM+metformin and DM+ALA groups (11.83±0.07 fibers/mm vs. 12.37±1.82 fibers/mm, respectively). Both groups showed preserved IENFD significantly compared with DM group (8.46±1.98 fibers/mm, P<0.05). Sciatic nerve morphology of the experimental animals showed a similar trend to the IENFD, with respect to axonal diameter, myelin sheath thickness, and myelinated fiber diameter.

Conclusion

Metformin has beneficial pharmacological effects on the preservation of peripheral nerves in diabetic rats and its effects are comparable to those of ALA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Metformin improves diabetic neuropathy by reducing inflammation through up-regulating the expression of miR-146a and suppressing oxidative stress
    Fengmin Liu, Fangqin You, Lihang Yang, Siyun Wang, Diya Xie
    Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(6): 108737.     CrossRef
  • The Protective Role of Caffeine against Histological and Ultrastructural Changes of Peripheral Nerve in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
    Manal A. Othman, Bhagath Kumar Potu, Aisha Rashid, Ayesha Fatima, Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
    Cell and Tissue Biology.2024; 18(5): 535.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Metformin on the Functional and Electrophysiological Recovery of Crush Injury-Induced Facial Nerve Paralysis in Diabetic Rats
    Kyung Hoon Sun, Cheol Hee Choi, Gwang-Won Cho, Chul Ho Jang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(9): 1317.     CrossRef
  • Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis
    Fatemeh Karami, Hamidreza Jamaati, Natalie Coleman-Fuller, Maryam Shokrian Zeini, A. Wallace Hayes, Mina Gholami, Mahsa Salehirad, Mohammad Darabi, Majid Motaghinejad
    Pharmacological Reports.2023; 75(3): 511.     CrossRef
  • Early Diagnosis through Estimation of Inflammatory Biomarkers and the Neuroprotective Role of Metformin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
    Laxmi Sri, Prabhakar Orsu
    International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN).2023; 16(2): 6427.     CrossRef
  • Bidirectional association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency: Two longitudinal 9-year follow-up studies using a national sample cohort
    Heung Yong Jin, Kyung Ae Lee, Yu Ji Kim, In Sun Gwak, Tae Sun Park, Sang Woo Yeom, Jong Seung Kim
    Primary Care Diabetes.2023; 17(5): 436.     CrossRef
  • An overview of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Diagnosis and treatment advancements
    Jonathan M. Hagedorn, Alyson M. Engle, Tony K. George, Jay Karri, Newaj Abdullah, Erik Ovrom, Jhon E. Bocanegra-Becerra, Ryan S. D'Souza
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 188: 109928.     CrossRef
  • The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application
    Qinzhi Yang, Gang Wang, Dan Fang, Xiaojun Gao, Yu Liang, Liqun Wang, Jianbo Wu, Min Zeng, Mao Luo
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 151: 113130.     CrossRef
  • Is metformin a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy?
    Juechun Wei, Yanling Wei, Meiyan Huang, Peng Wang, Shushan Jia
    Journal of Diabetes.2022; 14(10): 658.     CrossRef
  • Metformin as a potential therapeutic for neurological disease: mobilizing AMPK to repair the nervous system
    Sarah Demaré, Asha Kothari, Nigel A. Calcutt, Paul Fernyhough
    Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.2021; 21(1): 45.     CrossRef
  • Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53)
    Bo Kyung Koo
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(1): 125.     CrossRef
  • Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53)
    Sun Hee Kim, Tae Sun Park, Heung Yong Jin
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(1): 127.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of statin and metformin on neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korean Health Insurance data
    Hong Ki Min, Se Hee Kim, Jong Han Choi, Kyomin Choi, Hae-Rim Kim, Sang-Heon Lee
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(33): 10198.     CrossRef
Brief Reports
Complications
Effect of Empagliflozin, a Selective Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on Kidney and Peripheral Nerves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Kyung Ae Lee, Heung Yong Jin, Na Young Lee, Yu Ji Kim, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(4):338-342.   Published online April 25, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0095
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  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on peripheral nerves and kidneys in diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of empagliflozin in diabetic rats. DM in rats was induced by streptozotocin injection, and diabetic rats were treated with empagliflozin 3 or 10 mg/kg. Following 24-week treatment, response thresholds to four different stimuli were tested and found to be lower in diabetic rats than in normal rats. Empagliflozin significantly prevented hypersensitivity (P<0.05) and the loss of skin intraepidermal nerve fibers, and mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic rats. Results of this study demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of empagliflozin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy.

Citations

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    Sahar Mohamed El-Haggar, Yasser Mostafa Hafez, Amira Mohamed El Sharkawy, Maha Khalifa
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    Sahar Mohamed El-Haggar, Yasser Mostafa Hafez, Amira Mohamed El Sharkawy, Maha Khalifa
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    Jinlan Liao, Amy Kang, Chao Xia, Tamara Young, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Clare Arnott, Carol Pollock, Arun V. Krishnan, Rajiv Agarwal, George Bakris, David M. Charytan, Dick de Zeeuw, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Adeera Levin, Bruce Neal, David C. Wheeler, Hong Zhang,
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    Fukashi Ishibashi, Aiko Kosaka, Mitra Tavakoli
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sandy R. Botros, Asmaa I. Matouk, Aliaa Anter, Mohamed M.A. Khalifa, Gehan H. Heeba
    Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2022; 94: 103907.     CrossRef
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    Noha F. Abdelkader, Marawan A. Elbaset, Passant E. Moustafa, Sherehan M. Ibrahim
    Archives of Pharmacal Research.2022; 45(7): 475.     CrossRef
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    Seon Mee Kang
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2022; 23(4): 222.     CrossRef
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    Adel T. Osman, Souty M.Z. Sharkawi, Mohamed I.A. Hassan, Amira M. Abo-youssef, Ramadan A.M. Hemeida
    Food and Chemical Toxicology.2021; 155: 112406.     CrossRef
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    Tushar Issar, Natalie C.G. Kwai, Ann M. Poynten, Ria Arnold, Kerry-Lee Milner, Arun V. Krishnan
    Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 132(10): 2532.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Empagliflozin With Vitamin D Supplementation in Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Sanjana Mehta, Parminder Nain, Bimal K Agrawal, Rajinder P Singh, Jaspreet Kaur, Sabyasachi Maity, Aniruddha Bhattarcharjee, Jagannadha Peela, Shreya Nauhria, Samal Nauhria
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    Ahmed M. Kabel, Remon S. Estfanous, Majed M. Alrobaian
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  • Empagliflozin reduces high glucose-induced oxidative stress and miR-21-dependent TRAF3IP2 induction and RECK suppression, and inhibits human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
    Nitin A. Das, Andrea J. Carpenter, Anthony Belenchia, Annayya R. Aroor, Makoto Noda, Ulrich Siebenlist, Bysani Chandrasekar, Vincent G. DeMarco
    Cellular Signalling.2020; 68: 109506.     CrossRef
  • Differential Effects of Empagliflozin on Microvascular Complications in Murine Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
    Stephanie A. Eid, Phillipe D. O’Brien, Lucy M. Hinder, John M. Hayes, Faye E. Mendelson, Hongyu Zhang, Lixia Zeng, Katharina Kretzler, Samanthi Narayanan, Steven F. Abcouwer, Frank C. Brosius, Subramaniam Pennathur, Masha G. Savelieff, Eva L. Feldman
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    Maaly A. Abd Elmaaboud, Ahmed M. Kabel, Mohamed Elrashidy
    Journal of Applied Biomedicine.2019; 17(1): 90.     CrossRef
  • Effects of ticagrelor, empagliflozin and tamoxifen against experimentally-induced vascular reactivity defects in rats in vivo and in vitro
    Yasmin Moustafa Ahmed, Basim Anwar Shehata Messiha, Mahmoud El-Sayed El-Daly, Ali Ahmed Abo-Saif
    Pharmacological Reports.2019; 71(6): 1034.     CrossRef
  • SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart
    Chenguang Li, Jie Zhang, Mei Xue, Xiaoyu Li, Fei Han, Xiangyang Liu, Linxin Xu, Yunhong Lu, Ying Cheng, Ting Li, Xiaochen Yu, Bei Sun, Liming Chen
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  • Empagliflozin Contributes to Polyuria via Regulation of Sodium Transporters and Water Channels in Diabetic Rat Kidneys
    Sungjin Chung, Soojeong Kim, Mina Son, Minyoung Kim, Eun Sil Koh, Seok Joon Shin, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ho-Shik Kim
    Frontiers in Physiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
Complication
Morphologic Comparison of Peripheral Nerves in Adipocyte Tissue from db/db Diabetic versus Normal Mice
Kyung Ae Lee, Na Young Lee, Tae Sun Park, Heung Yong Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(2):169-172.   Published online March 21, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.169
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Present study investigated the morphologic changes of autonomic nerves in the adipose tissue in diabetic animal model. Male obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice and age matched non-diabetic db/m control mice were used. Epididymal adipose tissue from diabetic db/db mice with that from control heterozygous db/m mice was compared using confocal microscopy-based method to visualize intact whole adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry with tyrosine hydroxylase for sympathetic (SP), choline acetyltransferase for parasympathetic (PSP), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) for whole autonomic nerves was performed. The quantity of immunostained portion of SP, PSP, and PGP 9.5 stained nerve fibers showed decreased trend in diabetic group; however, the ratio of SP/PSP of adipose tissue was higher in diabetic group compared with control group as follows (0.70±0.30 vs. 0.95±0.25, P<0.05; normal vs. diabetic, respectively). Both SP and PSP nerve fibers were observed in white adipose tissue and PSP nerve fibers were suggested as more decreased in diabetes based on our observation.

Review
Pathophysiology
Morphologic Changes in Autonomic Nerves in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Heung Yong Jin, Hong Sun Baek, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(6):461-467.   Published online December 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.6.461
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes, and it increases morbidity and mortality in patients with both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because the autonomic nervous system, for example, parasympathetic axons, has a diffuse and wide distribution, we do not know the morphological changes that occur in autonomic neural control and their exact mechanisms in diabetic patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN). Although the prevalence of sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy is similar in T1DM versus T2DM patients, sympathetic nerve function correlates with parasympathetic neuropathy only in T1DM patients. The explanation for these discrepancies might be that parasympathetic nerve function was more severely affected among T2DM patients. As parasympathetic nerve damage seems to be more advanced than sympathetic nerve damage, it might be that parasympathetic neuropathy precedes sympathetic neuropathy in T2DM, which was Ewing's concept. This could be explained by the intrinsic morphologic difference. Therefore, the morphological changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of involved organs in T1DM and T2DM patients who have DAN should be evaluated. In this review, evaluation methods for morphological changes in the epidermal nerves of skin, and the intrinsic nerves of the stomach will be discussed.

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Original Articles
The Relationship between Anemia and the Initiation of Dialysis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy
Sun Hee Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Heung Yong Jin, Hong Sun Baek, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(3):240-246.   Published online April 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.240
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Anemia is associated with various poor clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anemia and the initiation degree and time of dialysis in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.

Methods

This observational retrospective study included 130 type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients in Korea. The existence of anemia, the degree and time of dialysis initiation were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and variables were also compared.

Results

The levels of hemoglobin and serum creatinine were significantly correlated with the dialysis initiation (P<0.05) during the 10-year follow-up period. Patients with anemia showed rapid decline of renal function, causing significantly more dialysis initiation (54.1% vs. 5.4%, P<0.05) compare to the patients without anemia. Average time to initiate dialysis in patients with anemia was 45.1 months (range, 8.0 to 115.8 months), which was significantly faster than that (68.3 months [range, 23.3 to 108.8 months]) in patients without anemia (P<0.01). The risk to dialysis initiation was significantly increased in patients with anemia compared to the patients without anemia (adjusted hazard ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 27.0; P<0.05).

Conclusion

Anemia is associated with rapid decline of renal dysfunction and faster initiation of dialysis in diabetic nephropathy patients. Therefore, clinicians should pay an earlier attention to anemia during the management of diabetes.

Citations

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    Lei Haung, YanLin Ding, XiaoYong Yu
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    Tae Ryom Oh, Su Hyun Song, Hong Sang Choi, Chang Seong Kim, Seung Hyeok Han, Kyung Pyo Kang, Young Joo Kwon, Soo Wan Kim, Seong Kwon Ma, Eun Hui Bae
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Relationship between the Korean Version Survey of the Autonomic Symptoms Score and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Parameters in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Sun Hee Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Heung Yong Jin, Hong Sun Baek, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(5):349-355.   Published online October 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.349
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

The Survey of Autonomic Symptom (SAS) scale was reported as an easy instrument to assess the autonomic symptoms in patients with early diabetic neuropathy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the SAS scale and the parameters of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Korean patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods

The SAS scale was tested in 30 healthy controls and 73 patients with DPN at Chonbuk National University Hospital, in Korea. The SAS score was compared to the parameters of the CAN test and the total symptom score (TSS) for DPN in patients with DPN.

Results

The SAS symptom score and total impact score were increased in patients with DPN compared to the control group (P=0.01), particularly in sudomotor dysfunction (P=0.01), and vasomotor dysfunction (P=0.01). The SAS score was increased in patients with CAN compared to patients without CAN (P<0.05). Among the diverse CAN parameters, the valsalva ratio and postural hypotension were associated with the SAS score (P<0.05). However, there was no association between the SAS scale and TSS for DPN, and TSS for DPN did not differ between patients with and without CAN.

Conclusion

SAS is a simple instrument that can be used to assess autonomic symptoms in patients with diabetes and can be used as a screening tool for autonomic neuropathy, particularly for CAN.

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  • Autonomic neuropathic symptoms in patients with diabetes: practical tools for screening in daily routine
    Ana Raquel Souza de Azevedo Vieira, Lara Benigno Porto-Dantas, Flaviene Alves do Prado Romani, Patrícia Souza Carvalho, Rodica Pop-Busui, Hermelinda Cordeiro Pedrosa
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    Eun Bin Cho, Ki-Jong Park
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Brief Report
Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on the Peripheral Nerves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Kyung Ae Lee, Kyung Taek Park, Hea Min Yu, Heung Yong Jin, Hong Sun Baek, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(4):286-290.   Published online August 14, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.4.286
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

There are controversial reports about the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in peripheral nerve protection. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of G-CSF on peripheral nerves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. After STZ or vehicle injection, rats were divided into five groups (n=6) as follows: normal+vehicle, normal+G-CSF (50 µg/kg for 5 days), diabetes mellitus (DM)+vehicle, DM+G-CSF (50 µg/kg for 5 days), and DM+G-CSF extension (50 µg/kg for 5 days and followed by two injections per week up to 24 weeks). Our results showed that the current perception threshold was not significantly different among experimental groups. G-CSF treatment inhibited the loss of cutaneous nerves and gastric mucosal small nerve fibers in morphometric comparison, but statistical significance was not observed. The present results demonstrated that G-CSF has no harmful but minimal beneficial effects with respect to peripheral nerve preservation in diabetic rats.

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