Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Association of Myosteatosis with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Severity, and Liver Fibrosis Using Visual Muscular Quality Map in Computed Tomography: Hwi Seung Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Eun Hee Kim, Min Jung Lee, In Young Bae, Woo Je Lee, Joong-Yeol Park, Hong-Kyu Kim, Chang Hee Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):104-117. Published online January 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0081

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Background
The association of myosteatosis measured using visual muscular quality map in computed tomography (CT) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its severity, and fibrosis was analyzed in a large population.
Methods
Subjects (n=13,452) with abdominal CT between 2012 and 2013 were measured total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) at L3 level. TAMA was segmented into intramuscular adipose tissue and skeletal muscle area (SMA), which was further classified into normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) and low attenuation muscle area (LAMA). The following variables were adopted as indicators of myosteatosis: SMA/body mass index (BMI), NAMA/BMI, NAMA/TAMA, and LAMA/BMI. NAFLD and its severity were assessed by ultrasonography, and liver fibrosis was measured by calculating the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) scores.
Results
According to multiple logistic regression analyses, as quartiles of SMA/BMI, NAMA/BMI, and NAMA/TAMA increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD decreased in each sex (P for trend <0.001 for all). The ORs of moderate/severe NAFLD were significantly higher in the Q1 group than in the Q4 group for SMA/BMI, NAMA/BMI, and NAMA/TAMA in men. The ORs of intermediate/high liver fibrosis scores assessed by NFS and FIB-4 scores increased linearly with decreasing quartiles for SMA/BMI, NAMA/BMI, and NAMA/TAMA in each sex (P for trend <0.001 for all). Conversely, the risk for NAFLD and fibrosis were positively associated with LAMA/BMI quartiles in each sex (P for trend <0.001 for all).
Conclusion
A higher proportion of good quality muscle was associated with lower risks of NAFLD and fibrosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and muscle quality defined by myosteatosis
Hwi Seung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Myung Jin Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Min Jung Lee, Woo Je Lee, Hong-Kyu Kim, Chang Hee Jung
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Myosteatosis Predicts Bariatric Surgery Response: A Longitudinal Study in Patients With Morbid Obesity
Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Won Lee, Seungwan Ryu, Hye Soon Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Youngsung Suh
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Myosteatosis with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Severity, and Liver Fibrosis Using Visual Muscular Quality Map in Computed Tomography (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:104-17)
Hwi Seung Kim, Hong-Kyu Kim, Chang Hee Jung
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 304. CrossRef
Association of Myosteatosis with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Severity, and Liver Fibrosis Using Visual Muscular Quality Map in Computed Tomography (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:104-17)
Eun Roh
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 301. CrossRef
Sarcopenia, a condition shared by various diseases: can we alleviate or delay the progression?
Giovanni Tarantino, Gaia Sinatti, Vincenzo Citro, Silvano Santini, Clara Balsano
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2023; 18(7): 1887. CrossRef
Association of Visceral Fat Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Myosteatosis with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease without Obesity
Hong-Kyu Kim, Sung-Jin Bae, Min Jung Lee, Eun Hee Kim, Hana Park, Hwi Seung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee, Jaewon Choe
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(4): 987. CrossRef
Current view of the surgical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles and their aponeuroses
A.V. Pavlov, A.S. Baranova, A.V. Fedoseyev, A.I. Vvedensky, G.S. Lazutina, N.V. Ovchinnikova, I.V. Bakharev
Operativnaya khirurgiya i klinicheskaya anatomiya (Pirogovskii nauchnyi zhurnal).2023; 7(3): 44. CrossRef
Muscle Fat Content Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis in Chinese Adults
W. Guo, X. Zhao, D. Cheng, X. Liang, M. Miao, X. Li, J. Lu, N. Xu, Shuang Hu, Qun Zhang
The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2023; 27(11): 960. CrossRef

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Sex Differences of Visceral Fat Area and Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Fat Ratio for the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Eun Hee Kim, Hong-Kyu Kim, Min Jung Lee, Sung-Jin Bae, Jaewon Choe, Chang Hee Jung, Chul-Hee Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Woo Je Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):486-498. Published online November 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0095

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Background
This study aimed to determine the optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area (VFA) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) for predicting incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
A total of 10,882 individuals (6,835 men; 4,047 women) free of T2DM at baseline aged between 30 and 79 years who underwent abdominal computed tomography scan between 2012 and 2013 as a part of routine health check-ups were included and followed. VFA, subcutaneous fat area, and VSR on L3 vertebral level were measured at baseline.
Results
During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 730 (8.1% for men; 4.3% for women) incident cases of T2DM were identified. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of VFA and VSR for predicting incident T2DM were 130.03 cm² and 1.08 in men, respectively, and 85.7 cm² and 0.48 in women, respectively. Regardless of sex, higher VFA and VSR were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2DM. Compared with the lowest quartiles of VFA and VSR, the highest quartiles had adjusted odds ratios of 2.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73 to 3.97) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.11) in men, respectively, and 32.49 (95% CI, 7.42 to 142.02) and 11.07 (95% CI, 3.89 to 31.50) in women, respectively.
Conclusion
Higher VFA and VSR at baseline were independent risk factors for the development of T2DM. Sex-specific reference values for visceral fat obesity (VFA ≥130 cm² or VSR ≥1.0 in men; VFA ≥85 cm² or VSR ≥0.5 in women) are proposed for the prediction of incident T2DM.

Citations

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Eric Robles Garibay, Sylvia M. Cruz, Sean J. Judge, Arta M. Monjazeb, Steven W. Thorpe, William J. Murphy, Jing Lyu, Shuai Chen, Cyrus P. Bateni, Robert J. Canter
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Christopher Seet, Laura Clementoni, Mohammed Rashid Akhtar, Pankaj Chandak, Mohammed Saoud, Amr Elsaadany, Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob, Ismail Heyder Mohamed, Muhammad Arslan Khurram
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Serum immunoglobulin A levels: Diagnostic utility in alcoholic liver disease and association with liver fibrosis in steatotic liver disease
Tatsuki Ichikawa, Mio Yamashima, Shinobu Yamamichi, Makiko Koike, Yusuke Nakano, Hiroyuki Yajima, Osamu Miyazaki, Tomonari Ikeda, Takuma Okamura, Kazuyoshi Nagata, Kenichi Sawa, Kazutaka Niiya, Kazuhiko Nakao
Biomedical Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Myosteatosis Predicts Bariatric Surgery Response: A Longitudinal Study in Patients With Morbid Obesity
Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Won Lee, Seungwan Ryu, Hye Soon Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Youngsung Suh
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Body Composition and Metabolic Dysfunction Really Matter for the Achievement of Better Outcomes in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Mauricio A. Cuello, Fernán Gómez, Ignacio Wichmann, Felipe Suárez, Sumie Kato, Elisa Orlandini, Jorge Brañes, Carolina Ibañez
Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1156. CrossRef
MEDICINAL BIOMAGNETISM FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY
Ana Vergínia Campagnollo Bueno, Michelli Gonçalves Seneda, Ângela Mara Rambo, Ana Clara Campagnolo Gonçalves Toledo, Caroline Cabral de Azevedo, Adriane Viapiana Bossa
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Min-Kyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Seo Young Sohn, Jiyeon Ahn, Oak-Kee Hong, Mee-Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The correlation between visceral fat/subcutaneous fat area ratio and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria
Haiyan Lin, Jun Zhu, Chen Zheng, Xiaoming Xu, Shandong Ye
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2023; 37(11): 108521. CrossRef
Effects of the abdominal fat distribution on the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and thyroid hormones among Korean adult males
Hyun-Jin Kim, Byungmi Kim, Seyoung Kim, Hyuktae Kwon, Jae Moon Yun, Belong Cho, Jin-Ho Park
European Journal of Medical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Visceral Fat Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Myosteatosis with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease without Obesity
Hong-Kyu Kim, Sung-Jin Bae, Min Jung Lee, Eun Hee Kim, Hana Park, Hwi Seung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee, Jaewon Choe
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(4): 987. CrossRef
Visceral adipose tissue reference data computed for GE HealthCare DXA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set
Jonathan P. Bennett, Brandon K. Quon, Bo Fan, En Liu, Leila Kazemi, Rosa C. Villegas‐Valle, Raj Ahgun, Xian‐pin Wu, Hou‐De Zhou, Ying Lu, John A. Shepherd
Obesity.2023; 31(12): 2947. CrossRef
Comparison of bioelectrical body and visceral fat indices and anthropometric measures in relation to type 2 diabetes by sex among Chinese adults, a cross-sectional study
Jiangshan He, Binbin Zhang, Yaqi Fan, Yuxue Wang, Mianzhi Zhang, Chunjun Li, Li Zhang, Pei Guo, Minying Zhang
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The predictive significance of lipid accumulation products for future diabetes in a non-diabetic population from a gender perspective: an analysis using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics
Jiajun Qiu, Maobin Kuang, Yang Zou, Ruijuan Yang, Qing Shangguan, Dingyang Liu, Guotai Sheng, Wei Wang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Ren Jie Phang, Rebecca H. Ritchie, Derek J. Hausenloy, Jarmon G. Lees, Shiang Y. Lim
Cardiovascular Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Implication of Sex Differences in Visceral Fat for the Assessment of Incidence Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sang Hyeon Ju, Hyon-Seung Yi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 414. CrossRef
Visceral fat area and body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis correlate with glycometabolism
Shuying Li, Shaoping Li, Jie Ding, Weihong Zhou
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Demographic Specific Abdominal Fat Composition and Distribution Trends in US Adults from 2011 to 2018
Furong Xu, Jacob E. Earp, Bryan J. Blissmer, Ingrid E. Lofgren, Matthew J. Delmonico, Geoffrey W. Greene
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 12103. CrossRef
Visceral Obesity Is a More Important Factor for Colorectal Adenomas than Skeletal Muscle or Body Fat
Ji Yeon Seo, Yoo Min Han, Su Jin Chung, Seon Hee Lim, Jung Ho Bae, Goh Eun Chung
Cancers.2022; 14(21): 5256. CrossRef
Recent Advances in Visceral Obesity and Related Diseases
佳佳魏
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(12): 11686. CrossRef
Gender differences in the ideal cutoffs of visceral fat area for predicting MAFLD in China
Pingping Yu, Huachao Yang, Xiaoya Qi, Ruixue Bai, Shouqin Zhang, Jianping Gong, Ying Mei, Peng Hu
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Various Oscillation Patterns of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Concentrations in Healthy Volunteers: Sang Ah Lee, Eunheiu Jeong, Eun Hee Kim, Mi-Seon Shin, Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Eun Hee Koh, Woo Je Lee, Joong-Yeol Park, Min-Seon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(1):29-36. Published online February 17, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.1.29

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Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was originally identified as a paroxysm proliferator activated receptor-α target gene product and is a hormone involved in metabolic regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation of serum FGF21 concentration in obese and non-obese healthy volunteers.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from five non-obese (body mass index [BMI] ≤23 kg/m²) and five obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) healthy young men every 30 to 60 minutes over 24 hours. Serum FGF21 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Anthropometric parameters, glucose, free fatty acid, insulin, leptin, and cortisol concentrations were also measured.

Results

The serum FGF21 concentrations displayed various individual oscillation patterns. The oscillation frequency ranged between 6 and 12 times per day. The average duration of oscillation was 2.52 hours (range, 1.9 to 3.0 hours). The peaks and troughs of FGF21 oscillation showed no circadian rhythm. However, the oscillation frequency had a diurnal variation and was lower during the light-off period than during the light-on period (2.4 vs. 7.3 times, P<0.001). There was no difference in the total frequency or duration of oscillations between non-obese and obese subjects, but obese individuals had increased numbers of larger oscillations (amplitude ≥0.19 ng/mL).

Conclusion

Various oscillation patterns in serum FGF21 concentration were observed, and reduced oscillation frequencies were seen during sleep. The oscillation patterns of serum FGF21 concentration suggest that FGF21 may be secreted into systemic circulation in a pulsatile manner. Obesity appeared to affect the amplitude of oscillations of serum FGF21.

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Circadian Regulation of Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factors on Systemic Energy Metabolism
Zhenning Yang, Helmut Zarbl, Grace L. Guo
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Jae Seung Chang, Jhii-Hyun Ahn, Seong Hee Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Jang-Young Kim, Soon Koo Baik, Ji Hye Huh, Samuel S. Lee, Moon Young Kim, Kyu-Sang Park
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The Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending a University Hospital: Ji Hee Yu, Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Mi-Seon Shin, Chang Hee Jung, Eun Hee Kim, Sang Ah Lee, Eun Hee Koh, Woo Je Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):543-550. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.543

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Background

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetes is known to increase the risk of PAD two- to four-fold. The prevalence of PAD in Korean diabetic patients has not been established. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PAD in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes attending a large university hospital and analyzed the factors associated with PAD.

Methods

A total of 2,002 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement in an outpatient clinic were enrolled. PAD was defined as an ABI ≤0.9. Clinical characteristics of 64 patients with PAD were compared with those of 192 age- and sex-matched control patients without PAD.

Results

Of the 2,002 type 2 diabetic patients, 64 (3.2%) were diagnosed as having PAD. PAD was associated with higher prevalences of retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease. Patients with PAD had higher systolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride level and reported higher pack-years of smoking. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of micro- and macrovascular complications and high systolic blood pressure are factors independently associated with PAD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of PAD in diabetic patients was 3.2%, suggesting that the prevalence in Korean diabetic patients is lower than that of patients in Western countries.

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Response

Response: Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients (Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:95-100): Eun Hee Kim, Ki-Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(3):209-210. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.209

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Original Article

Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Development of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: Eun-Hee Cho, Eun Hee Kim, Won Gu Kim, Eun Hui Jeong, Eun Hee Koh, Woo-Je Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(3):200-206. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.200

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Background

Kidney function is critical in homocysteine clearance, and plasma homocysteine level is frequently increased in patients with renal failure. On the other hand, recent studies in animals have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia induces renal injury. In this study, we determined whether hyperhomocysteinemia can be a risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A nested case-control study. Of 887 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have microalbuminuria at baseline, 76 developed microalbuminuria during follow-up (mean, 36.0 ± 11.7 months; range, 18 to 76 months). The control group consisted of 152 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not develop microalbuminuria. Baseline plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in stored samples.

Results

Baseline plasma homocysteine concentrations and mean HbA1C levels during follow-up were significantly higher in patients who developed microalbuminuria than in those who remained normoalbuminuric. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline plasma homocysteine level and mean HbA1C were independent predictors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes supporting the concept that hyperhomocysteinemia has an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Citations

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Homocysteine and diabetes: Role in macrovascular and microvascular complications
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Associations of Homocysteine with B Vitamins and Zinc in Serum Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sadako MATSUI, Chika HIRAISHI, Ryo SATO, Takai KOJIMA, Kiyotaka ANDO, Kei FUJIMOTO, Hiroshi YOSHIDA
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology.2021; 67(6): 417. CrossRef
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Relationship between plasma total homocysteine and the severity of renal function in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged ≥75 years
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The role of molecular genetic alterations in genes involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism in multifactorial diseases pathogenesis
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Association between homocysteine status and the risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Review

Adenine Nucleotide Translocator as a Regulator of Mitochondrial Function: Implication in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome: Eun Hee Kim, Eun Hee Koh, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(3):146-153. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.146

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Mitochondria play key roles in energy production and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Lines of evidence have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. The causes of mitochondrial dysfunction are complex, but overnutrition and sedentary living are among the best known causes of mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP synthesized in the mitochondria is exchanged for cytosolic ADP by adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) to provide a continuous supply of ADP to mitochondria. We recently found that ANT function is essential for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)'s action on endothelial cells. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator of nuclear receptors, playing an important role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that PGC-1α decreases intracellular ROS generation by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. In our study, PGC-1α reduced cell apoptosis and ROS generation in endothelial cells by increasing ATP/ADP translocase activity of ANT and ANT1 expression. Here we review the role of ANT in maintaining proper mitochondrial function, and possible role of ANT dysfunction in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

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Original Articles

Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients: Eun Hee Kim, Ji Hee Yu, Sang Ah Lee, Eui Young Kim, Won Gu Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Eun Hee Cho, Eun Hee Koh, Woo Je Lee, Min-Seon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(2):95-100. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.2.95

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Background

Serum cystatin C level is a more sensitive marker of renal dysfunction than serum creatinine level. Serum cystatin C level was recently reported to predict the development of cardiovascular disease. This study was performed to evaluate whether the cystatin C level is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study to assess the relationship between serum cystatin C level and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Among 460 diabetic patients, 38 diabetic patients had CAD. The control group consisted of 38 diabetic patients who were matched to cases by age, sex, and presence/absence of diabetic nephropathy. Serum cystatin C level was measured in stored samples.

Results

Serum cystatin C level was significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy, both in CAD and non-CAD patients. However, serum cystatin C level did not differ between CAD and non-CAD patients, regardless of diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion

Serum cystatin C level is a marker of renal dysfunction, but not coronary artery disease, in diabetic patients.

Citations

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Higher Levels of Cystatin C in HIV/AIDS Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Gordana Dragović, Danica Srdić, Khawla Al Musalhi, Ivan Soldatović, Jovana Kušić, Djordje Jevtović, Devaki Nair
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.2018; 122(4): 396. CrossRef
The association between serum cystatin C and carotid intima–media thickness in metabolic syndrome patients with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate
Rong Huang, Jingli Gu, Qin Cao, Jiahua Ma, Weiwei Gu, Zhuping Fan
Clinica Chimica Acta.2015; 448: 170. CrossRef
Association of plasma cystatin C levels with angiographically documented coronary artery disease in patients of Indian origin
Aditya Batra, Aditya Kapoor, R.K. Sharma, Nitin Agrawal, Archana Sinha, Sudeep Kumar, Naveen Garg, Satyendra Tewari, Pravin K. Goel
Journal of Cardiology.2012; 59(2): 182. CrossRef
Cystatin C and asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glomerular filtration rate
Xie Qing, Wang Furong, Liu Yunxia, Zhang Jian, Wang Xuping, Gao Ling
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Response: Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients (Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:95-100)
Eun Hee Kim, Ki-Up Lee
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(3): 209. CrossRef
Serum Cystatin C as a Biomarker for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes
Jee-Young Oh
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 84. CrossRef
Letter: Lack of Association between Serum Cystatin C Levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients (Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:95-100)
Kyu-Chang Won
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(3): 207. CrossRef

Nitric Oxide Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle by Improving Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Signaling.: Woo Je Lee, Hyoun Sik Kim, Hye Sun Park, Mi Ok Kim, Mina Kim, Ji Young Yun, Eun Hee Kim, Sang Ah Lee, Seung Hun Lee, Eun Hee Koh, Joong Yeol Park, Ki Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(3):198-205. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.3.198

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BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has suggested that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Recent studies also suggested NO as an important molecule regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. This study examined the effect of the NO donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and tested the hypothesis that NO's effect on glucose metabolism is mediated by its effect on mitochondrial function. METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with SIN-1 for 4 weeks, insulin sensitivity was measured by a glucose clamp study. Triglyceride content and fatty acid oxidation were measured in the skeletal muscle. In addition, mitochondrial DNA content and mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and Akt were examined by Western blot analysis in skeletal muscle. In C2C12 cells, insulin sensitivity was measured by 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of IRS-1 and Akt. RESULTS: SIN-1 improved insulin sensitivity in C2C12 cells and skeletal muscles of SD rats. In addition, SIN-1 decreased triglyceride content and increased fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial DNA contents and biogenesis in the skeletal muscle were increased by SIN-1 treatment. Moreover, SIN-1 increased the expression of phosphor-IRS-1 and phosphor-Akt in the skeletal muscle and muscle cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NO mediates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle both in vitro and in vivo by improving mitochondrial function and stimulating insulin signaling pathways.

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NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Jun Kobayashi, Kazuo Ohtake, Hiroyuki Uchida
Nutrients.2015; 7(6): 4911. CrossRef
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Jiangyong Ouyang, Rahulkumar A. Parakhia, Raymond S. Ochs
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Anti-GAD Antibody in Patients with Adult-Onset Diabetes in Korea.: Sang Ah Lee, Eui Young Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Eun Heui Jeong, Dong Woo Kim, Eun Hee Cho, Eun Hee Koh, Min Seon Kim, Joong Yeol Park, Ki Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(1):16-23. Published online February 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.1.16

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BACKGROUND
It is well known that the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Korean people are different from those of Western people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the anti-GAD antibody (GADA) in a large number of Korean patients with adult-onset diabetes. METHODS: The GADA was measured by radioimmunoassay for 11,472 adult-onset diabetic patients who visited the Asan Medical Center from 1998 to 2007. According to the fasting C-peptide levels, we classified the patients into an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus group (IDDM; C-peptide < 0.6 ng/mL) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus group (NIDDM; C-peptide > or = 1.0 ng/mL). Other clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Among the 11,147 diabetic patients, 9,250 patients were classified as NIDDM, 922 patients were classified as IDDM and 975 patients excluded. Within the latter group 472 patients were to absolute insulin deficient (C-peptide < 0.1 ng/mL). The prevalence of GADA was 22.0% in the IDDM group and 4.7% in the NIDDM group. GADA was more prevalent in younger-onset NIDDM patients (25~40 years of age; 12.4%) than in older-onset NIDDM patients (> or = 40 years of age; 3.8%). The GADA-positive NIDDM patients had lower C-peptide and BMI levels, and higher rates of typical diabetic symptoms and insulin treatment. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GADA in Korean patients with IDDM and NIDDM was lower than that reported in Western populations. It is thus suggested that autoimmunity is a rarer cause of diabetes in Korean people. However, since over 10% of younger-onset NIDDM patients were positive for GADA, routine GADA measurement in such patients is recommended.

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Acta Diabetologica.2013; 50(2): 129. CrossRef
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Yul Hwangbo, Jin Taek Kim, Eun Ky Kim, Ah Reum Khang, Tae Jung Oh, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Young Min Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(2): 136. CrossRef
Body Composition Analysis in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Adolescent Girls
Yong Hyuk Kim, Min Kyoung Song, Sochung Chung
Journal of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology.2011; 16(3): 172. CrossRef
Increasing Trend in the Number of Severe Hypoglycemia Patients in Korea
Jin Taek Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Ye An Lee, Jun Ho Bae, Hyo Jeong Kim, Hye Seung Jung, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang, Hong Kyu Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(2): 166. CrossRef
Progression to insulin deficiency in Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus positive for anti‐GAD antibody
S. A. Lee, W. J. Lee, E. H. Kim, J. H. Yu, C. H. Jung, E. H. Koh, M.‐S. Kim, J.‐Y. Park, K.‐U. Lee
Diabetic Medicine.2011; 28(3): 319. CrossRef
Anti-GAD Antibody in Patients with Adult-Onset Diabetes in Korea
Eun-Gyoung Hong
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(1): 13. CrossRef

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