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- Links between Thyroid Disorders and Glucose Homeostasis
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Young Sil Eom, Jessica R. Wilson, Victor J. Bernet
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Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):239-256. Published online March 24, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0013
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Abstract
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- Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus often coexist and are closely related. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus and vice versa. Thyroid hormone affects glucose homeostasis by impacting pancreatic β-cell development and glucose metabolism through several organs such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and the central nervous system. The present review discusses the effect of thyroid hormone on glucose homeostasis. We also review the relationship between thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, as well as guidelines for screening thyroid function with each disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of the effects of antidiabetic drugs on thyroid hormone and thyroid disorders.
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- Basic Research
- Notch1 Has an Important Role in β-Cell Mass Determination and Development of Diabetes
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Young Sil Eom, A-Ryeong Gwon, Kyung Min Kwak, Jin-Young Youn, Heekyoung Park, Kwang-Won Kim, Byung-Joon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):86-96. Published online February 26, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0160
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub
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Background
Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell fate during pancreas development. Notch signaling is also expressed in adult pancreas. There are few studies on the effect of Notch on adult pancreas. Here, we investigated the role of Notch in islet mass and glucose homeostasis in adult pancreas using Notch1 antisense transgenic (NAS).
Methods
Western blot analysis was performed for the liver of 8-week-old male NAS mice. We also conducted an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test in 8-week-old male NAS mice and male C57BL/6 mice (control). Morphologic observation of pancreatic islet and β-cell was conducted in two groups. Insulin secretion capacity in islets was measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and perifusion.
Results
NAS mice showed higher glucose levels and lower insulin secretion in IPGTT than the control mice. There was no significant difference in insulin resistance. Total islet and β-cell masses were decreased in NAS mice. The number of large islets (≥250 µm) decreased while that of small islets (<250 µm) increased. Reduced insulin secretion was observed in GSIS and perifusion. Neurogenin3, neurogenic differentiation, and MAF bZIP transcription factor A levels increased in NAS mice.
Conclusion
Our study provides that Notch1 inhibition decreased insulin secretion and decreased islet and β-cell masses. It is thought that Notch1 inhibition suppresses islet proliferation and induces differentiation of small islets. In conclusion, Notch signaling pathway may play an important role in β-cell mass determination and diabetes.
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Tomonori Okita, Shunbun Kita, Shiro Fukuda, Keita Fukuoka, Emi Kawada-Horitani, Masahito Iioka, Yuto Nakamura, Yuya Fujishima, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Dan Kawamori, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Maeda Norikazu, Iichiro Shimomura iScience.2022; 25(11): 105404. CrossRef - Comparison of islet isolation result and clinical applicability according to GMP‐grade collagenase enzyme blend in adult porcine islet isolation and culture
Kyungmin Kwak, Jae‐kyung Park, Joohyun Shim, Nayoung Ko, Hyoung‐Joo Kim, Yongjin Lee, Jun‐Hyeong Kim, Michael Alexander, Jonathan R. T. Lakey, Hyunil Kim, Kimyung Choi Xenotransplantation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas
Adem Y. Dawed, Sook Wah Yee, Kaixin Zhou, Nienke van Leeuwen, Yanfei Zhang, Moneeza K. Siddiqui, Amy Etheridge, Federico Innocenti, Fei Xu, Josephine H. Li, Joline W. Beulens, Amber A. van der Heijden, Roderick C. Slieker, Yu-Chuan Chang, Josep M. Mercade Diabetes Care.2021; 44(12): 2673. CrossRef
- Evaluation of Stress in Korean Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Korea Questionnaire
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Young Sil Eom, Hwa Sun Park, Sei-Hyun Kim, Sun Mee Yang, Moon Suk Nam, Hyoung Woo Lee, Ki Young Lee, Sihoon Lee, Yeun Sun Kim, Ie Byung Park
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Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):182-187. Published online April 30, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.182
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- Background
It is known that diabetes and stress are directly or indirectly related, and that it is important to evaluate stress in patients with diabetes. The relationship between Korean diabetics and diabetes-related stress has never been reported. The objective of this study was to develop a stress questionnaire suitable for use with Korean diabetics and to evaluate its utility. MethodsThis study subjects were 307 Korean diabetics, aged 40 to 74 years old, who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Gachon University Gil Hospital, Yeungnam University Medical Center, and Inha University Hospital in Korea between March 2006 and February 2008. We developed a Korean version of Polonsky's Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) stress questionnaire (PAID-K) and used it to assess degrees of stress in our sample of Korean patients. We evaluated the utility of the questionnaire and analyzed the relationships between clinical characteristics of the study subjects and degrees of stress. ResultsCronbach's alpha for PAID-K was 0.95, and PAID-K scores were significantly correlated with Hypoglycemia Fear Survey scores (r=0.44, P<0.05) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 scores (r=0.21, P<0.05). PAID-K scores were significantly higher in patients with longer durations of diabetes, patients using insulin, and female patients (P=0.02, P=0.038, and P=0.001, respectively). The score also tended to increase as HbA1c levels increased, except for very high HbA1c levels (above 11%) (P for trend<0.05). ConclusionWe developed the PAID-K questionnaire and demonstrated its utility to evaluate levels of stress in diabetic patients in Korea.
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