- Basic Research
- Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases
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Jin-Ho Koh, Yong-Woon Kim, Dae-Yun Seo, Tae-Seo Sohn
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Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):853-865. Published online November 22, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0138
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 Graphical Abstract
 Abstract
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 - Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.
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Citations
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- Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
- Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density?
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Mi Jang, So-Young Park, Yong-Woon Kim, Seung-Pil Jung, Jong-Yeon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(2):121-127. Published online December 16, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.121
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4,419
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
- Background
The proportion of saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids in the diet seems to act as a physiological regulation on obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Differently composed fatty acid diets may induce satiety of the hypothalamus in different ways. However, the direct effect of the different fatty acid diets on satiety in the hypothalamus is not clear. MethodsThree experiments in mice were conducted to determine whether: different compositions of fatty acids affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus over time; different types of fatty acids administered into the stomach directly affect gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus; and fat composition changes in the diet affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus. ResultsThe type of fat in cases of purified fatty acid administration directly into the stomach may cause changes of gene expressions in the hypothalamus. Gene expression by dietary fat may be regulated by calorie amount ingested rather than weight amount or type of fat. ConclusionTherefore, the calorie density factor of the diet in regulating hypothalamic gene in food intake may be detrimental, although the possibility of type of fat cannot be ruled out.
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Citations
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Ana Cristina Carranza Martin, Danielle Nicole Coleman, Lyda Guadalupe Garcia, Cecilia C Furnus, Alejandro E Relling
Journal of Animal Science.2018; 96(12): 5300. CrossRef - Acute anti‐obesity effects of intracerebroventricular 11β‐HSD1 inhibitor administration in diet‐induced obese mice
M. Seo, S. A. Islam, S.‐S. Moon
Journal of Neuroendocrinology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Letter: Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density? (Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:121-7)
Bo Kyung Koo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(3): 223. CrossRef - Response: Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density? (Diabetes Metab J2017;41:121-7)
Mi Jang, So-Young Park, Yong-Woon Kim, Seung-Pil Jung, Jong-Yeon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(3): 225. CrossRef
- Hexane Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Induces Insulin Expression and Prevents Glucotoxicity in INS-1 Cells
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Hae-Jung Lee, Yoon-Jung Choi, So-Young Park, Jong-Yeon Kim, Kyu-Chang Won, Jong-Keun Son, Yong-Woon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):51-58. Published online February 16, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.51
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4,922
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
- Background
Hyperglycemia, a characteristic feature of diabetes, induces glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells, resulting in further impairment of insulin secretion and worsening glycemic control. Thus, preservation of insulin secretory capacity is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) extract to prevent glucotoxicity in insulin-producing cells. MethodsWe measured insulin mRNA expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in OS-treated INS-1 cells after exposure to a high glucose (HG; 30 mM) concentration. ResultsThe hexane extract of OS elevated mRNA expression of insulin as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The hexane OS extract also increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Akt phosphorylation was elevated by treatment with 100 and 200 µmol of the hexane OS extract. Three days of HG exposure suppressed insulin mRNA expression and GSIS; these expressions were restored by treatment with the hexane OS extract. HG elevated peroxide levels in the INS-1 cells. These levels were unaffected by OS treatment under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions. ConclusionOur results suggested that the hexane extract of OS elevates insulin mRNA expression and prevents glucotoxicity induced by a 3-day treatment with HG. This was associated with the activation of PI-3K and Akt.
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Citations
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Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, Dania Najiha Hasnu, Abdullah Khan, Ching Siang Tan, Bama Menon, Venkateshan Narayanan, Khang Wen Goh, Asmuni Mohd Ikmal, Noraini Talip, Poonguzhali Subramanian, Long Chiau Ming
Malaysian Applied Biology.2024; 53(1): 1. CrossRef - Scopoletin protects INS-1 pancreatic β cells from glucotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Jae Eun Park, Ji Sook Han
Toxicology in Vitro.2023; 93: 105665. CrossRef - A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications
Qirou Wang, Jia Wang, Nannan Li, Junyu Liu, Jingna Zhou, Pengwei Zhuang, Haixia Chen
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Yun Luo, Yue Liu, Quan Wen, Yulin Feng, Ting Tan
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Krista Minéia Wartchow, Letícia Rodrigues, Lucas Zingano Suardi, Barbara Carolina Federhen, Nicholas Guerini Selistre, Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves, Patrícia Sesterheim
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Chintha Lankatillake, Tien Huynh, Daniel A. Dias
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Dhamraa Waleed Al-dualimi, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Sarah Furqan Faisal Al-Shimary, Amal Aziz Al-Saadi, Raghdaa Al Zarzour, Muhammad Asif, Chern Ein Oon, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
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Heeyoung Chae, Patrick Gilon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(1): 27. CrossRef
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