- Pathophysiology
- Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes
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Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Nan Hee Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(1):37-52. Published online January 3, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0193
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- Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes. The circadian clock governs genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral signals in anticipation of cyclic 24-hour events through interactions between a “central clock” in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and “peripheral clocks” in the whole body. Currently, circadian rhythmicity in humans can be subjectively or objectively assessed by measuring melatonin and glucocorticoid levels, core body temperature, peripheral blood, oral mucosa, hair follicles, rest-activity cycles, sleep diaries, and circadian chronotypes. In this review, we summarized various circadian misalignments, such as altered light-dark, sleep-wake, rest-activity, fasting-feeding, shift work, evening chronotype, and social jetlag, as well as mutations in clock genes that could contribute to the development of diabetes and poor glycemic status in patients with diabetes. Targeting critical components of the circadian system could deliver potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.
- Technology/Device
- Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Da Young Lee, Namho Kim, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Jihee Kim, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sung-Min Park, Nan Hee Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):826-836. Published online August 24, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0273
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- Background
There was limited evidence to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Thus, we aimed to depict the behavioral and metabolic determinants of CGM metrics in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods This is a prospective observational study. We analyzed data from 122 insulin-treated patients with T2DM. Participants wore Dexcom G6 and Fitbit, and diet information was identified for 10 days. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed for the simultaneous achievement of CGM-based targets, defined by the percentage of time in terms of hyper, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability (GV). Intake of macronutrients and fiber, step counts, sleep, postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR), information about glucose lowering medications and metabolic factors were added to the analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the distribution of energy and macronutrient during a day, and snack consumption on CGM metrics.
Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that female, participants with high PCGR, low glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and daytime step count had a higher probability of achieving all targets based on CGM (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] which were 0.24 [0.09 to 0.65], 1.34 [1.03 to 1.25], 0.95 [0.9 to 0.99], and 1.15 [1.03 to 1.29], respectively). And participants who ate snacks showed a shorter period of hyperglycemia and less GV compared to those without.
Conclusion We confirmed that residual insulin secretion, daytime step count, HbA1c, and women were the most relevant determinants of adequate glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with T2DM. In addition, individuals with snack consumption were exposed to lower times of hyperglycemia and GV.
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- Explanatory variables of objectively measured 24-h movement behaviors in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Lotte Bogaert, Iris Willems, Patrick Calders, Eveline Dirinck, Manon Kinaupenne, Marga Decraene, Bruno Lapauw, Boyd Strumane, Margot Van Daele, Vera Verbestel, Marieke De Craemer Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2024; 18(4): 102995. CrossRef
- Time to Reach Target Glycosylated Hemoglobin Is Associated with Long-Term Durable Glycemic Control and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year Observational Study (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:368-78)
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Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):617-618. Published online July 30, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0152
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- Construction of an Early Risk Prediction Model for Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Based on Random Forest
Zhengang Wei, Xiaohua Wang, Liqin Lu, Su Li, Wenyan Long, Lin Zhang, Shaolin Shen CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(9): 665. CrossRef - The effect of close and intensive therapeutic monitoring of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with different glycemic background
Ayşe Naciye Erbakan, Müzeyyen Arslan Bahadir, Fatoş Nimet Kaya, Büşra Güleç, Miraç Vural Keskinler, Özge Faydaliel, Banu Mesçi, Aytekin Oğuz Medicine.2023; 102(50): e36680. CrossRef - Reduced macula microvascular densities may be an early indicator for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Xiaoyu Deng, Shiqi Wang, Yan Yang, Aizhen Chen, Jinger Lu, Jinkui Hao, Yufei Wu, Qinkang Lu Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Complications
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- Time to Reach Target Glycosylated Hemoglobin Is Associated with Long-Term Durable Glycemic Control and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year Observational Study
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Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(3):368-378. Published online October 20, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0046
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub
- Background
To evaluate the association of time to reach the target glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level with long-term durable glycemic control and risk of diabetic complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods In a longitudinal observational cohort, 194 patients with T2DM newly diagnosed between January 2011 and March 2013 were followed up over 6 years. Patients were classified according to the time needed to reach the target HbA1c (<7.0%): <3, 3 to 6 (early achievement group), and ≥6 months (late achievement group). Risks of microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy as well as macrovascular events including ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease were assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis.
Results During a median follow-up of 6.53 years, 66 microvascular and 14 macrovascular events occurred. Maintenance of durable glycemic control over 6 years was more likely in the early achievement groups than in the late achievement group (34.5%, 30.0%, and 16.1% in <3, 3 to 6, and ≥6 months, respectively, P=0.039). Early target HbA1c achievement was associated with lower risk of composite diabetic complications (adjusted hazard ratio [HR, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26 to 0.86 in <3 months group) (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.10 in 3 to 6 months group, in reference to ≥6 months group). Similar trends were maintained for risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications, although statistical significance was not reached for macrovascular complications.
Conclusion Early target HbA1c achievement was associated with long-term durable glycemic control and reduced risk of diabetic complications in newly diagnosed T2DM.
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Nam Hoon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Yong‐ho Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Soo Heon Kwak, Soo Lim, Min Kyong Moon, Dong‐Lim Kim, Tae Ho Kim, Eunvin Ko, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(9): 3642. CrossRef - A study of the relationship between social support, depression, alexithymia and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural equation modeling approach
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I. V. Druk, S. S. Safronova Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2023; (13): 130. CrossRef - Effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials
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João Soares Felício, Franciane Trindade Cunha de Melo, Giovana Miranda Vieira, Vitória Teixeira de Aquino, Fernanda de Souza Parente, Wanderson Maia da Silva, Nivin Mazen Said, Emanuele Rocha da Silva, Ana Carolina Contente Braga de Souza, Maria Clara Ner BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of long-term visit-to-visit variability of HbA1c and fasting glycemia with hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 617. CrossRef - Plasma Nesfatin-1: Potential Predictor and Diagnostic Biomarker for Cognitive Dysfunction in T2DM Patient
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- Epidemiology
- Ten-Year Mortality Trends for Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea, 2003 to 2013
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Kyeong Jin Kim, Tae Yeon Kwon, Sungwook Yu, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Sin Gon Kim, Yousung Park, Nam Hoon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):394-401. Published online April 26, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0088
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- Background
To estimate and compare the trends of all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates for subjects with and without diabetes in South Korea, from 2003 to 2013. MethodsUsing a population-based cohort (2003 to 2013), we evaluated annual mortality rates in adults (≥30 years) with and without diabetes. The number of subjects in this analysis ranged from 585,795 in 2003 to 670,020 in 2013. ResultsAge- and sex-adjusted all-cause mortality rates decreased consistently in both groups from 2003 to 2013 (from 14.4 to 9.3/1,000 persons in subjects with diabetes and from 7.9 to 4.4/1,000 persons in those without diabetes). The difference in mortality rates between groups also decreased (6.61 per 1,000 persons in 2003 to 4.98 per 1,000 persons in 2013). The slope associated with the mortality rate exhibited a steeper decrease in subjects with diabetes than those without diabetes (regression coefficients of time: −0.50 and −0.33, respectively; P=0.004). In subjects with diabetes, the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease decreased by 53.5% (from 2.73 to 1.27 per 1,000 persons, P for trend <0.001). Notably, the decrease in mortality from ischemic stroke (79.2%, from 1.20 to 0.25 per 1,000 persowns) was more profound than that from ischemic heart disease (28.3%, from 0.60 to 0.43 per 1,000 persons). ConclusionAll-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates decreased substantially from 2003 to 2013, and the decline in ischemic stroke mortality mainly contributed to the decreased cardiovascular mortality in Korean people with diabetes.
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Aimin Yang, Tingting Chen, Mai Shi, Eric Lau, Raymond SM Wong, Jones Chan, Juliana CN Chan, Elaine Chow Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 210: 111618. CrossRef - Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
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Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 1. CrossRef - Letter: Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Cardiovascular Outcome in Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study (J Obes Metab Syndr 2022;31:178-86)
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Sunghwan Suh Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 522. CrossRef - Current Status of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Achievement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Compared with Recent Guidelines
Soo Jin Yun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jin-Hye Cha, Juneyoung Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sung Hee Choi, SungWan Chun, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Gwanpyo Koh, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Sung Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 464. CrossRef - Health-related Quality of Life Instrument With 8 Items for Use in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Validation Study in Korea
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Na-young Kim, Eunyeong Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Yong-Hoon Lee, Eun Young Choi Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(2): 349. CrossRef - Polysomnographic phenotyping of obstructive sleep apnea and its implications in mortality in Korea
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Bo Kyung Koo, Woo-Young Chung, Min Kyong Moon Cardiovascular Diabetology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Metformin treatment for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology consensus statement
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Kyu Yeon Hur, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Miyeun Han, Dong Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(1): 3. CrossRef - A systematic review of trends in all-cause mortality among people with diabetes
Lei Chen, Rakibul M. Islam, Joanna Wang, Thomas R. Hird, Meda E. Pavkov, Edward W. Gregg, Agus Salim, Maryam Tabesh, Digsu N. Koye, Jessica L. Harding, Julian W. Sacre, Elizabeth L. M. Barr, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw Diabetologia.2020; 63(9): 1718. CrossRef - Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature
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Da Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Ji Hee Yu, Sanghyun Park, Ji A Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yong Gyu Park, Nan Hee Kim Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor for risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the REBOUND study
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- Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
- Determinants of Long-Term Durable Glycemic Control in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Kyoung Jin Kim, Ju Hee Choi, Kyeong Jin Kim, Jee Hyun An, Hee Young Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
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Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(4):284-295. Published online August 3, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.284
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- Background
Long-term durable glycemic control is a difficult goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the factors associated with durable glycemic control in a real clinical setting. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 194 new-onset, drug-naïve patients with T2DM who were diagnosed between January 2011 and March 2013, and were followed up for >2 years. Glycemic durability was defined as the maintenance of optimal glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] <7.0%) for 2 years without substitution or adding other glucose-lowering agents. Clinical factors and glycemic markers associated with glycemic durability were compared between two groups: a durability group and a non-durability group. ResultsPatients in the durability group had a higher baseline body mass index (26.1 kg/m2 vs. 24.9 kg/m2) and lower HbA1c (8.6% vs. 9.7%) than the non-durability group. The initial choice of glucose-lowering agents was similar in both groups, except for insulin and sulfonylureas, which were more frequently prescribed in the non-durability group. In multiple logistic regression analyses, higher levels of education, physical activity, and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) were associated with glycemic durability. Notably, lower HbA1c (<7.0%) at baseline and first follow-up were significantly associated with glycemic durability (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.51 to 22.3) (adjusted OR, 9.27; 95% CI, 1.62 to 53.1, respectively), after adjusting for confounding variables including the types of glucose-lowering agents. ConclusionEarly achievement of HbA1c level within the glycemic target was a determinant of long-term glycemic durability in new-onset T2DM, as were higher levels of education, physical activity, and HOMA-β.
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Dhruvi Hasnani, Vipul Chavda, Dinesh Agrawal, Bijay Patni, Ashwin David, Sachin Gathe, Rajeev Chawla, Jothydev Kesavadev, Sunil Gupta, Shriji Hasnani, Banshi Saboo International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2022; 42(3): 451. CrossRef - Greater Glycemic Burden Is Associated with Further Poorer Glycemic Control in Newly-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
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