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Hyun Jung Kim  (Kim HJ) 3 Articles
Guideline/Fact Sheet
Article image
Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Jong Han Choi, Yoon Jeong Cho, Hyun-Jin Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Suk Chon, Jee-Hyun Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Ga Eun Nam, Kwang Il Kim, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO), Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Committee of Food and Nutrition, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), Policy Committee of Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH), Policy Development Committee of National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK)
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):355-376.   Published online May 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0038
  • 13,952 View
  • 677 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Metabolic changes with intermittent fasting
    Maria G. Lange, Alice A. Coffey, Paul C. Coleman, Thomas M. Barber, Thijs Van Rens, Oyinlola Oyebode, Sally Abbott, Petra Hanson
    Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.2024; 37(1): 256.     CrossRef
  • Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Interventions for Metabolic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
    Mileni Vanti Beretta, Cíntia Aparecida Oliveira Flores, Gabriella Fontes Colameo, Luana Weissheimer Echabe, Fernanda Michielin Busnello
    Nutrition Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adherence to the nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
    Jong Han Choi, Chen Lulu, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alzheimer’s Disease, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Common Neuroglial Dysfunctions (Critical Review and New Data on Human Brain and Models)
    Adolfo Toledano, Arantxa Rodríguez-Casado, María Isabel Älvarez, Adolfo Toledano-Díaz
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(11): 1101.     CrossRef
  • A network meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity
    Yahui Yuan, Chun Chen, Qiaoyun Liu, Yehao Luo, Zhaojun Yang, YuPing Lin, Lu Sun, Guanjie Fan
    Food & Function.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Papel do Jejum Intermitente e da Dieta Restrita em Carboidratos na Prevenção de Doenças Cardiovasculares em Pacientes Pré-Diabéticos
    Mohamed Khalfallah, Basma Elnagar, Shaimaa S. Soliman, Ahmad Eissa, Amany Allaithy
    Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus
    Suk Chon
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(7): 421.     CrossRef
  • Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis development in a patient with type 2 diabetes receiving a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and a carbohydrate-restricted diet
    Gwanpyo Koh, Jisun Bang, Soyeon Yoo, Sang Ah Lee
    Journal of Medicine and Life Science.2023; 20(3): 126.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive Understanding for Application in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Consensus Statement on Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets by Korean Diabetes Association, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, and Korean Society of Hyperte
    Jong Han Choi, Jee-Hyun Kang, Suk Chon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 377.     CrossRef
  • The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity
    Ming Yang, Shuai Liu, Chunye Zhang
    Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1616.     CrossRef
  • Updated Meta-Analysis of Studies from 2011 to 2021 Comparing the Effectiveness of Intermittent Energy Restriction and Continuous Energy Restriction
    Kyoung-Kon Kim, Jee-Hyun Kang, Eun Mi Kim
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2022; 31(3): 230.     CrossRef
Guideline/Fact Sheet
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2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):461-481.   Published online July 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156
  • 29,621 View
  • 1,749 Download
  • 150 Web of Science
  • 164 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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  • Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of stroke in adults: a meta-analysis
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    Reviews on Environmental Health.2024; 39(4): 791.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Subclinical Atrial Function on the Prognosis of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Metabolic Syndrome
    Hyun-Jin Kim
    CardioMetabolic Syndrome Journal.2024; 4(1): 36.     CrossRef
  • Associations of omega-3 fatty acids vs. fenofibrate with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome: propensity matched cohort study
    Nam Hoon Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, Jimi Choi, Sin Gon Kim
    European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.2024; 10(2): 118.     CrossRef
  • A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Effects of Gemigliptin Add-on or Escalation of Metformin Dose on Glycemic Control and Safety in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and SGLT-2 Inh
    Hae Jin Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Min Kyong Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko, Eun-Jung Rhee, Kyu Yeon Hur, In-Kyung Jeong, Mark Yorek
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once-Daily Sitagliptin as Metformin Add-on in a Korean Population with Type 2 Diabetes
    Byung-Wan Lee, Young Min Cho, Sin Gon Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Soo Lim, Amine Dahaoui, Jin Sook Jeong, Hyo Jin Lim, Jae Myung Yu
    Diabetes Therapy.2024; 15(2): 547.     CrossRef
  • Real-World Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data from a Population with Type 1 Diabetes in South Korea: Nationwide Single-System Analysis
    Ji Yoon Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Sarah B. Andrade, Boyang Chen, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2024; 26(6): 394.     CrossRef
  • Association between Dyslipidemia and Glycated Hemoglobin in a Population-Based Study
    Purum Kang, Ka Young Kim, Hye Young Shin
    Metabolites.2024; 14(2): 92.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Heejoon Jang, Yeonjin Kim, Dong Hyeon Lee, Sae Kyung Joo, Bo Kyung Koo, Soo Lim, Woojoo Lee, Won Kim
    JAMA Internal Medicine.2024; 184(4): 375.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Pravastatin on Kidney Function in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
    Hae Jin Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Yong-Ho Lee, Jin Taek Kim, Yong-Kyu Lee, Ki-Hyun Baek, Euy Jin Choi, Won Min Hwang, Ki Tae Bang, Jung Soo Lim, Yun Jae Chung, Sung Rae Jo, Joon Seok Oh, Soon Hee Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi
    Advances in Therapy.2024; 41(8): 3119.     CrossRef
  • Demand and Requirements for a Digital Healthcare System to Manage Gestational Diabetes in Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Survey
    Jin Yu, Oyoung Kim, Byung Soo Kang, Seon Ui Lee, Youn Ju Lee, Han Sung Hwang, Seung Mi Lee, Seung Chul Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, Hyun Sun Ko
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences
    Guglielmina Froldi
    Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(4): 478.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between a tubeless, on-body automated insulin delivery system and a tubeless, on-body sensor-augmented pump in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
    Ji Yoon Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Eun Seok Kang, Soo Heon Kwak, Yeoree Yang, Jee Hee Yoo, Jae Hyun Bae, Jun Sung Moon, Chang Hee Jung, Ji Cheol Bae, Sunghwan Suh, Sun Joon Moon, Sun Ok Song, Suk Chon, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Diabetologia.2024; 67(7): 1235.     CrossRef
  • Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 and liver-related complications in individuals with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization and population-based cohort study
    Sung Won Chung, Hye-Sung Moon, Hyunjae Shin, Hyein Han, Sehoon Park, Heejin Cho, Jeayeon Park, Moon Haeng Hur, Min Kyung Park, Sung-Ho Won, Yun Bin Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Su Jong Yu, Dong Ki Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Yoon Jun Kim
    Hepatology.2024; 80(3): 633.     CrossRef
  • Health and Productivity Benefits with Early Intensified Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Korea
    Foteini Tsotra, Ankur Malhotra, Platon Peristeris, Ioannis Athanasiou, Malina Müller, Giovanni Bader
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and tolerability of initial triple combination therapy with metformin, dapagliflozin and saxagliptin compared with stepwise add‐on therapy in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (TRIPLE‐AXEL study): A multicentre, randomized, 104‐week, open‐
    Nam Hoon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Yong‐ho Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Soo Heon Kwak, Soo Lim, Min Kyong Moon, Dong‐Lim Kim, Tae Ho Kim, Eunvin Ko, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(9): 3642.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic performance of non-invasive tests in patients with MetALD in a health check-up cohort
    Joo Hyun Oh, Sang Bong Ahn, Seon Cho, Eun-Hee Nah, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun
    Journal of Hepatology.2024; 81(5): 772.     CrossRef
  • Age-specific association between meal-skipping patterns and the risk of hyperglycemia in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study using the KNHANES data
    Yeonji Kang, Minji Kang, Hyunjung Lim
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding exercise for patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
    Seung Min Chung, Min Cheol Chang
    BMJ Health & Care Informatics.2024; 31(1): e101006.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2024; 15(9): 1165.     CrossRef
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    Sung-Hee Oh, Jae-Heon Kang, Jin-Won Kwon
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  • Serum Homocysteine Levels and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Korean Adult Men: A Cohort Study
    Minyoung Kim, Sujeong Shin, Eunsol Yoo, Jae-Heon Kang, Eunju Sung, Cheol-Hwan Kim, Hocheol Shin, Mi Yeon Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2759.     CrossRef
  • Recent Findings on Exercise Therapy for Blood Glucose Management in Patients with Gestational Diabetes
    Ah Reum Jung, Yongsuk Seo, Jooyoung Lee, Jae Gu Hwang, Somi Yun, Dae Taek Lee
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5004.     CrossRef
  • Myosteatosis Predicts Bariatric Surgery Response: A Longitudinal Study in Patients With Morbid Obesity
    Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Won Lee, Seungwan Ryu, Hye Soon Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Youngsung Suh
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
    In‐Kyung Jeong, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Ah Han, Kyoung‐Ah Kim, In Joo Kim, Seung Jin Han, Won Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(11): 5065.     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Glycemic Control Improvement After the Home and Self-Care Program for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Real-World–Based Cohort Study
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  • Efficacy of intermittent short‐term use of a real‐time continuous glucose monitoring system in non‐insulin–treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
    Sun Joon Moon, Kyung‐Soo Kim, Woo Je Lee, Mi Yeon Lee, Robert Vigersky, Cheol‐Young Park
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2023; 25(1): 110.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic Effects of Switching to Anagliptin from Other DPP-4 Inhibitors in T2DM Patients with Inadequate Glycemic Control: A Non-interventional, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter Observational Study
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    Diabetes Therapy.2023; 14(1): 109.     CrossRef
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    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(5): 1173.     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(1): 93.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2023; 127: 1.     CrossRef
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    Kyu-Sun Lee, Junghyun Noh, Seong-Mi Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Seok-Min Kang, Kyu-Chang Won, Hyun-Jai Cho, Min Kyong Moon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
    Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Association between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Junghyun Noh, Min Kyong Moon, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sang Hyun Park, Hyeon Chang Kim, Byung Jin Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Seonghoon Choi, Jin Oh Na, Young Youl Hyun, Bum Joon Kim, Kyung-Do Han, In-Kyung Jeong
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 59.     CrossRef
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    Su Jung Lee, Chulho Kim, Hyunjae Yu, Dong-Kyu Kim
    Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1094.     CrossRef
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    Hack-Lyoung Kim, Eun Mi Lee, Shin Young Ahn, Kwang-il Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Ju Han Kim, Hae-Young Lee, Jang Hoon Lee, Jong-Moo Park, Eun Joo Cho, Sungha Park, Jinho Shin, Young-Kwon Kim
    Clinical Hypertension.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Consistency of 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake and the relationship of dietary intake with blood glucose, hbA1c, BMI, and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes
    DaeEun Lee, Haejung Lee, Sangeun Lee, MinJin Lee, Ah Reum Khang
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin added to metformin plus gemigliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, comparator-active study: ENHANCE-D study
    Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Tae Nyun Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Jung Hwan Park, Sang Yong Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Kee Ho Song, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Gwanpyo Koh, Jun Goo Kang, Mi Kyung Kim, Ji Min Han, Nan Hee Kim, Ji Oh Mok, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sang S
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; 49(4): 101440.     CrossRef
  • Effect of olmesartan and amlodipine on serum angiotensin-(1–7) levels and kidney and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
    Kyuho Kim, Ji Hye Moon, Chang Ho Ahn, Soo Lim
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Health Insurance Database in South Korea–based retrospective cohort study
    Jin-Sung Yuk, Jung Min Kim
    Menopause.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intensified Multifactorial Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    Takayoshi Sasako, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Kohjiro Ueki
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 185.     CrossRef
  • Association between antidiabetic drugs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
    Sunyoung Kim, So Young Park, Bongseong Kim, Chanyang Min, Wonyoung Cho, Dong Keon Yon, Joo Young Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee, Sang Youl Rhee
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 198: 110626.     CrossRef
  • Totally robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a morbidly obese patient in Korea: a case report
    Ji Won Seo, Kyong-Hwa Jun
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2023; 26(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Effect of diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements with allulose on weight and glycemic profiles in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients
    Jihye Tak, Minkyung Bok, Hyunkyung Rho, Ju Hyun Park, Yunsook Lim, Suk Chon, Hyunjung Lim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 241.     CrossRef
  • Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Changes in Glycemic Status Among Individuals With Prediabetes
    Salma Nabila, Ji-Eun Kim, Jaesung Choi, JooYong Park, Aesun Shin, Sang-Ah Lee, Jong-koo Lee, Daehee Kang, Ji-Yeob Choi
    Diabetes Care.2023; 46(3): 535.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial
    Soo Heon Kwak, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung‐Soo Kim, Jae Myung Yu, EunSook Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jun Goo Kang, Choon Hee Chung, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Kyu Chang Won, Sin Gon Kim, Seung Ah Cho, Bo Young Cho, Kyong Soo Park
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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor for Renal Function Preservation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement
Tae Jung Oh, Ju-Young Moon, Kyu Yeon Hur, Seung Hyun Ko, Hyun Jung Kim, Taehee Kim, Dong Won Lee, Min Kyong Moon, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline, Korean Diabetes Association and Committee of the Cooperative Studies, Korean Society of Nephrology
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):489-497.   Published online August 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0172
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   

Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, prevention of renal dysfunction is an important treatment goal in the management of diabetes. The data of landmark cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor showed profound reno-protective effects. The Korean Diabetes Association and the Korean Society of Nephrology reviewed clinical trials and performed meta-analysis to assess the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the preservation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We limited the data of SGLT2 inhibitors which can be prescribed in Korea. Both eGFR value and its change from the baseline were significantly more preserved in the SGLT2 inhibitor treatment group compared to the control group after 156 weeks. However, some known adverse events were increased in SGLT2 inhibitor treatment, such as genital infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, and volume depletion. We recommend the long-term use SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for attenuation of renal function decline. However, we cannot generalize our recommendation due to lack of long-term clinical trials testing reno-protective effects of every SGLT2 inhibitor in a broad range of patients with T2DM. This recommendation can be revised and updated after publication of several large-scale renal outcome trials.

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