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- Influence of Maternal Diabetes on the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods
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Verónica Perea, Xavier Urquizu, Maite Valverde, Marina Macias, Anna Carmona, Esther Esteve, Gemma Escribano, Nuria Pons, Oriol Giménez, Teresa Gironés, Andreu Simó-Servat, Andrea Domenech, Núria Alonso-Carril, Carme Quirós, Antonio J. Amor, Eva López, Maria José Barahona
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Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):912-922. Published online April 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0340
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 Abstract
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- Background
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maternal diabetes in the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in the prenatal and postnatal periods.
Methods
This cohort study included singleton gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies >22 weeks’ gestation with live newborns between 1991 and 2008. The control group was randomly selected and matched (1:2) for maternal age, weeks of gestation and birth year. Cox regression models estimated the effect of GDM on the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, interaction between maternal T2DM and GDM-ADHD relationship was evaluated.
Results
Children (n=3,123) were included (1,073 GDM; 2,050 control group). The median follow-up was 18.2 years (interquartile range, 14.2 to 22.3) (n=323 with ADHD, n=36 with ASD, and n=275 from women who developed T2DM). GDM exposure was associated with ADHD (hazard ratio [HR]crude, 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 2.07) (HRadjusted, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.05). This association remained significant regardless of the treatment (diet or insulin) and diagnosis after 26 weeks of gestation. Children of mothers who developed T2DM presented higher rates of ADHD (14.2 vs. 10%, P=0.029). However, no interaction was found when T2DM was included in the GDM and ADHD models (P>0.05). GDM was not associated with an increased risk of ASD (HRadjusted, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.74 to 2.84).
Conclusion
Prenatal exposure to GDM increases the risk of ADHD in offspring, regardless of GDM treatment complexity. However, postnatal exposure to maternal T2DM was not related to the development of ADHD.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells
Vishal Chavda, Dhananjay Yadav, Snehal Patel, Minseok Song
Brain Sciences.2024; 14(3): 284. CrossRef - Understanding the link between different types of maternal diabetes and the onset of autism spectrum disorders
Wenyu Shao, Yichun Su, Jiayin Liu, Yulong Liu, Jinghui Zhao, Xiaotang Fan
Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(4): 101543. CrossRef - Tracing the influence of prenatal risk factors on the offspring retina: Focus on development and putative long‐term consequences
Filipa I. Baptista, António F. Ambrósio
European Journal of Clinical Investigation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Risk cycling in diabetes and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Maternal Diabetes Deregulates the Expression of Mecp2 via miR-26b-5p in Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.2023; (2): 45. CrossRef - Hair and cord blood element levels and their relationship with air pollution, dietary intake, gestational diabetes mellitus, and infant neurodevelopment
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Clinical Nutrition.2023; 42(10): 1875. CrossRef - Role of Excessive Weight Gain During Gestation in the Risk of ADHD in Offspring of Women With Gestational Diabetes
Verónica Perea, Andreu Simó-Servat, Carmen Quirós, Nuria Alonso-Carril, Maite Valverde, Xavier Urquizu, Antonio J Amor, Eva López, Maria-José Barahona
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(10): e4203. CrossRef
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