Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Chong Hwa Kim (Kim CH)

13 Articles

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association: Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Jaehyun Bae, Eonju Jeon, Ji Min Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Jung Hwan Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Bong-Soo Cha, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):546-708. Published online July 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0249

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Adherence to the nutritional recommendations according to diabetes status in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Jong Han Choi, Chen Lulu, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study: Ye Seul Yang, Nam Hoon Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jang Won Son, Seung-Hwan Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Keeho Song, Eun-Jung Rhee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):279-289. Published online January 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0225

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Background
Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD.
Methods
We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study.
Results
Overall, 2,050 patients were eligible for analysis among 2,107 enrolled patients. The mean patient age, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin level were 70.0 years, 12.0 years, and 7.5%, respectively. During the mean follow-up duration of 9.7 months, 25.7% of the patients were prescribed SGLT2is after CVD events. However, only 1.8% were prescribed GLP-1RAs. Compared with SGLT2i non-users, SGLT2i users were more frequently male and obese. Furthermore, they had a shorter diabetes duration but showed worse glycemic control and better renal function at the time of the event. GLP-1RA users had a longer duration of diabetes and worse glycemic control at the time of the event than GLP-1RA non-users.
Conclusion
The SGLT2i or GLP-1RA prescription rates were suboptimal in patients with T2DM and established CVD. Sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and renal function were associated with the use of these agents.

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Enhancing Patient Outcomes: Prioritizing SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in Diabetes with CVD
Gwanpyo Koh
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 208. CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association: Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Won Suk Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):575-594. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0282

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In May 2023, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association published the revised clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes. We incorporated the latest clinical research findings through a comprehensive systematic literature review and applied them in a manner suitable for the Korean population. These guidelines are designed for all healthcare providers nationwide, including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators who manage patients with diabetes or individuals at risk of developing diabetes. Based on recent changes in international guidelines and the results of a Korean epidemiological study, the recommended age for diabetes screening has been lowered. In collaboration with the relevant Korean medical societies, recently revised guidelines for managing hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes have been incorporated into this guideline. An abridgment containing practical information on patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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Mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Eugene Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yong-ho Lee, Seung Up Kim
Metabolism.2024; 152: 155789. CrossRef
Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study
In-Kyung Jeong
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2024; 13(1): 80. CrossRef
Association between cardiovascular disease risk and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with prediabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Myung Jin Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 208: 111125. CrossRef
Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2023: analysis of nationwide population-based data with a particular focus on hypertension in special populations
Hyeon Chang Kim, Hokyou Lee, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Dasom Son, Minsung Cho, Sojung Shin, Yeeun Seo, Eun-Jin kim, Song Vogue Ahn, Sun Ha Jee, Sungha Park, Hae-Young Lee, Min Ho Shin, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Seung Won Lee, Jong Ku Park, Il Suh, Tae-Yong Lee
Clinical Hypertension.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetes Duration, Cholesterol Levels, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population
Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Metabolites.2024; 14(3): 169. CrossRef
Fenofibrate to prevent amputation and reduce vascular complications in patients with diabetes: FENO-PREVENT
Eu Jeong Ku, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A self-powered and supercapacitive microneedle continuous glucose monitoring system with a wide range of glucose detection capabilities
Hye-Jun Kil, Jang Hyeon Kim, Kanghae Lee, Tae-Uk Kang, Ju-Hyun Yoo, Yong-ho Lee, Jin-Woo Park
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2024; 257: 116297. CrossRef
Cardiorenal outcomes and mortality after sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor initiation in type 2 diabetes patients with percutaneous coronary intervention history
Jin Hwa Kim, Young Sang Lyu, BongSeong Kim, Mee Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Ki‐Hyun Baek, Ki‐Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(7): 2567. CrossRef
SGLT2i impact on HCC incidence in patients with fatty liver disease and diabetes: a nation-wide cohort study in South Korea
Hyo Jung Cho, Eunyoung Lee, Soon Sun Kim, Jae Youn Cheong
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The importance of diabetes mellitus in dental practice
Nina Dimitrijević-Jovanović, Hristina Ugrinović, Radomir Mitić, Nevena Kalezić
Galenika Medical Journal.2024; 3(9): 80. CrossRef
Evaluation of glycemic response of ten local meals commonly consumed from Chad
Zoufane Guedeungbe, Jean Paul Bayang, Benoît Bargui Koubala
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research.2024; 17: 101251. CrossRef
Glycemic Control and Oral Health Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes: Insights From a Nationwide Korean Survey
Song-Yi Yu, Sun-Kyung Lee, Bumhee Yang, Hyun Lee, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Dong-Hwa Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Rajiv Singla, Sanjay Kalra
Medicine.2024; 103(25): e38568. CrossRef
Longitudinal Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Smoking Status and Smoking Cessation
Da-Eun Sung, Seung-Jae Lee, Mi-Yeon Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Ki-Chul Sung
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3927. CrossRef
Current type 2 diabetes guidelines: Individualized treatment and how to make the most of metformin
Juliana C. N. Chan, Aimin Yang, Natural Chu, Elaine Chow
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(S3): 55. CrossRef
Comprehensive management of polypharmacy in older patients with diabetes
Kang Seo Park, Hea Min Yu
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(7): 449. CrossRef
The Key Role of Nutritional Intervention in Delaying Disease Progression and the Therapeutic Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease—A Challenge for Physicians and Patients
Ileana Peride, Miruna Anastasiu, Silvia Alexandra Serban, Mirela Tiglis, Razvan Ene, Ana-Maria Nechita, Tiberiu Paul Neagu, Ionel Alexandru Checherita, Andrei Niculae
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(8): 778. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Add-on in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Metformin and Dapagliflozin: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Study
Yun Kyung Cho, Kyung-Soo Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Jun Hwa Hong, Jae Myung Yu, Soo Lim, Ye An Kim, Chang Beom Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Woo Je Lee
Clinical Therapeutics.2024; 46(9): 662. CrossRef
Islet transplantation in Korea
Joonyub Lee, Kun‐Ho Yoon
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2024; 15(9): 1165. CrossRef
Effect of gout and diabetic kidney disease on renal cancer development in Korea
Seung Min Chung, Inha Jung, Da Young Lee, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Jun Sung Moon, Ji A Seo, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim
Clinical Kidney Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and the risk of diabetic kidney disease
Injeong Cho, Seohyun Lim, Minjae Kwon, Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Educational Needs and Priorities of People with Diabetes and Healthcare Providers in South Korea: A Mixed-Methods Study
Shinae Seo, Chun-Ja Kim, Hee Sun Kang, Elizabeth A. Schlenk
Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Changes in serum uteroglobin level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Joung Youl Lim, Sang-Hyeon Ju, Ji Min Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku, Kyong Hye Joung
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of a fixed‐dose combination of dapagliflozin and linagliptin (AJU‐A51) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled phase III study
Jun Hwa Hong, Myung Jin Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Jong Chul Won, Tae Nyun Kim, Byung‐Wan Lee, Jun Goo Kang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jung Hwan Park, Bon Jeong Ku, Chang Beom Lee, Sang Yong Kim, Ho Sang Shon, Woo Je Lee, Joong‐Yeol Park
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Recommendations for Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Junghyun Noh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 127. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes
Min Kyong Moon
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Ye Seul Yang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 135. CrossRef
A 33-Year-Old Man Presented with Abdominal Pain and Vomiting Starting a Day Ago
Jong Han Choi
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(6): 289. CrossRef
Comorbidity Patterns and Management in Inpatients with Endocrine Diseases by Age Groups in South Korea: Nationwide Data
Sung-Soo Kim, Hun-Sung Kim
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 14(1): 42. CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):461-481. Published online July 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
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The Efficacy of Treatment Intensification by Quadruple Oral Therapy Compared to GLP-1RA Therapy in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-world Data Study
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 135. CrossRef
Safety and Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Nationwide Post-Marketing Surveillance
Jun Sung Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Jae Hyoung Cho, In-Kyung Jeong, Soon Hee Lee, Ji-Oh Mok, Nan Hee Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Jinhong Cho, Dong Woo Lee, Sun Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 82. CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Patients With Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
Kyu-Sun Lee, Junghyun Noh, Seong-Mi Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Seok-Min Kang, Kyu-Chang Won, Hyun-Jai Cho, Min Kyong Moon
International Journal of Heart Failure.2023; 5(1): 1. CrossRef
Influenza vaccination trend and related factors among patients with diabetes in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database
Dong-Hwa Lee, Bumhee Yang, Seonhye Gu, Eung-Gook Kim, Youlim Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Yeong Hun Choe, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Seungyong Park, Hyun Lee
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Optimal Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level for Primary Prevention in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ji Yoon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 42. CrossRef
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Heart Failure Consensus Statement
Kyu-Sun Lee, Junghyun Noh, Seong-Mi Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Seok-Min Kang, Kyu-Chang Won, Hyun-Jai Cho, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 10. CrossRef
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젊은 2형 당뇨병 환자의 관리
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Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015) (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:115-9): Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(3):459-460. Published online May 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0084

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Complications
Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015): Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):115-119. Published online December 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0120

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This report presents the status of diabetic neuropathy (DN) in Korea as determined using a National Health Insurance ServiceNational Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). Annual prevalences of DN were estimated by age and gender using descriptive statistics. Pharmacological treatments for DN were also analyzed. The annual prevalence of DN increased from 24.9% in 2006 to 26.6% in 2007, and thereafter, gradually subsided to 20.8% in 2015. In most cases, pharmacological treatments involved a single drug, which accounted for 91.6% of total prescriptions in 2015. The most commonly used drugs (in decreasing order) were thioctic acid, an anti-convulsive agent, or a tricyclic antidepressant. In conclusion, the prevalence of DN decreased over the 10-year study period. Thioctic acid monotherapy was usually prescribed for DN. To reduce the socio-economic burden of DN, more attention should be paid to the diagnosis of this condition and to the appropriate management of patients.

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Diabetic Neuropathy: A Guide to Pain Management
Emily X. Zhang, Cyrus Yazdi, Rahib K. Islam, Ahmed I. Anwar, Alana Alvares-Amado, Horace Townsend, Kaitlyn E. Allen, Elena Plakotaris, Jon D. Hirsch, Ross G. Rieger, Varsha Allampalli, Jamal Hasoon, Kazi N. Islam, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye, Christopher
Current Pain and Headache Reports.2024; 28(10): 1067. CrossRef
Recent Trends in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Neuropathies: A Retrospective Hospital-based Nationwide Cohort Study
Horatiu F. Coman, Adriana Rusu, Norina A. Gavan, Cosmina I. Bondor, Alexandru D. Gavan, Cornelia G. Bala
Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(10): 901. CrossRef
Risk of cardiovascular events according to the tricyclic antidepressant dosage in patients with chronic pain: a retrospective cohort study
Hyunji Koo, Seung Hun You, Sewon Park, Kyeong Hye Jeong, Nakyung Jeon, Sun-Young Jung
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 79(1): 159. CrossRef
How does diabetic peripheral neuropathy impact patients' burden of illness and the economy? A retrospective study in Beijing, China
Qi Pan, Sijia Fei, Lina Zhang, Huan Chen, Jingyi Luo, Weihao Wang, Fei Xiao, Lixin Guo
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Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Treatments for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Han Na Jang, Tae Jung Oh
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Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015) (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:115-9)
Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(3): 459. CrossRef
Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015) (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:115-9)
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Drug/Regimen
γ-Linolenic Acid versus α-Lipoic Acid for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Adults: A 12-Week, Double-Placebo, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial: Jong Chul Won, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seong-Su Moon, Sung Wan Chun, Chong Hwa Kim, Ie Byung Park, In Joo Kim, Jihyun Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):542-554. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0099

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Background

This study was a multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) relative to α-lipoic acid (ALA) over a 12-week treatment period in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods

This study included 100 T2DM patients between 20 and 75 years of age who had painful DPN and received either GLA (320 mg/day) and placebo or ALA (600 mg/day) and placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were mean changes in pain intensities as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the total symptom scores (TSS).

Results

Of the 100 subjects who initially participated in the study, 73 completed the 12-week treatment period. Per-protocol analyses revealed significant decreases in the mean VAS and TSS scores compared to baseline in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The treatment difference for the VAS (95% confidence interval [CI]) between the two groups was −0.65 (−1.526 to 0.213) and the upper bound of the 95% CI did not exceed the predefined noninferiority margin (δ₁=0.51). For the TSS, the treatment difference was −0.05 (−1.211 to 1.101) but the upper bound of the 95% CI crossed the noninferiority margin (δ₂=0.054). There were no serious adverse events associated with the treatments.

Conclusion

GLA treatment in patients with painful DPN was noninferior to ALA in terms of reducing pain intensity measured by the VAS over 12 weeks.

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Response: Effects of High-Dose α-Lipoic Acid on Heart Rate Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:275-83): Chong Hwa Kim, Sol Jae Lee, Bong Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):420-421. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.420

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Effects of High-Dose α-Lipoic Acid on Heart Rate Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Korea: Sol Jae Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Yu Chang Lee, Yong Hoon Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Chong Hwa Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Bong Yun Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(4):275-283. Published online July 6, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.275

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Background

Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the important complications of diabetes. It is characterized by reduced heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, 75 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group (n=41) received α-lipoic acid (ALA) at an oral dose of 600 mg/day for the first 12 weeks and then 1,200 mg/day for the next 12 weeks. The other group (n=34) received placebo treatment for 24 weeks. CAN was assessed by measuring HRVs in people with diabetes.

Results

Most of the baseline measures for HRVs were similar between the ALA and placebo groups. Although there were no statistically significant HRV changes in the ALA group compared to the placebo group after 24 weeks of trial, we found a positive tendency in some of the HRV parameters of the ALA group. The standard deviations of normal-to-normal RR intervals in the standing position increased by 1.87 ms in the ALA group but decreased by −3.97 ms in the placebo group (P=0.06). The power spectrum of the low frequency (LF) band in the standing position increased by 15.77 ms² in the ALA group, whereas it declined by −15.04 ms² in the placebo group (P=0.08). The high frequency/LF ratio in the upright position increased by 0.35 in the ALA group, whereas it declined by −0.42 in the placebo group (P=0.06). There were no differences between the two groups regarding rates of adverse events.

Conclusion

Although a slight improvement tendency was seen in HRV in the ALA group, there were no statistically significant HRV changes in the ALA group compared to the placebo group after 24 weeks of trial. However, the high oral dose of ALA was well-tolerated.

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Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: an update with a focus on management
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Safety Evaluation of α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies
Federica Fogacci, Manfredi Rizzo, Christoffer Krogager, Cormac Kennedy, Coralie M.G. Georges, Tamara Knežević, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Alexandre Vallée, Pablo Pérez-Martínez, Eliane F.E. Wenstedt, Agnė Šatrauskienė, Michal Vrablík, Arrigo F.G. Cicero
Antioxidants.2020; 9(10): 1011. CrossRef
Update on the Impact, Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes: What Is Defined, What Is New, and What Is Unmet
Vincenza Spallone
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: A Systematic Review and meta- analysis
Mehran Rahimlou, Maryam Asadi, Nasrin Banaei Jahromi, Anahita Mansoori
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2019; 32: 16. CrossRef
Alpha-lipoic acid and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy
Victoria Serhiyenko, Ludmila Serhiyenko, Alexandr Serhiyenko
MOJ Public Health.2019; 8(1): 8. CrossRef
Response: Effects of High-Dose α-Lipoic Acid on Heart Rate Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:275-83)
Chong Hwa Kim, Sol Jae Lee, Bong Yun Cha
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 420. CrossRef
Letter: Effects of High-Dose α-Lipoic Acid on Heart Rate Variability of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Korea (Diabetes Metab J2017;41:275-83)
Jeongmin Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 417. CrossRef

Clinical Care/Education
Glycemic Effects of Rebaudioside A and Erythritol in People with Glucose Intolerance: Dong Hee Shin, Ji Hye Lee, Myung Shin Kang, Tae Hoon Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(4):283-289. Published online June 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.283

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Background

Rebaudioside A and erythritol are nonnutritive sweeteners. There have been several studies of their glycemic effects, but the outcomes remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the glycemic effects of rebaudioside A and erythritol as a sweetener in people with glucose intolerance.

Methods

This trial evaluated the glycemic effect after 2 weeks of consumption of rebaudioside A and erythritol as sweeteners in a pre-diabetic population. The patients were evaluated for fructosamine, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and 2-hour plasma glucose before and after consumption of sweetener. The primary outcome was a change in fructosamine levels from the baseline to the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the changes in levels of fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose.

Results

From the baseline to the end of experiment, the changes in fructosamine levels after consumption of rebaudioside A and erythritol, did not differ significantly (244.00±19.57 vs. 241.68±23.39 µmol/L, P=0.366). The change in levels from the baseline to end of the study for rebaudioside A and erythritol were fasting plasma glucose (102.56±10.72 vs. 101.32±9.20 mg/dL), 2-hour plasma glucose (154.92±54.53 vs. 141.92±42.22 mg/dL), insulin (7.56±4.29 vs. 7.20±5.12 IU/mL), and C-peptide (2.92±1.61 vs. 2.73±1.31 ng/mL), respectively, and also did not differ significantly (P>0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that consumption of rebaudioside A and erythritol does not alter the glucose homeostasis in people with glucose intolerance.

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Epidemiology
Dietary Sodium Intake in People with Diabetes in Korea: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2008 to 2010: Myung Shin Kang, Chong Hwa Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(4):290-296. Published online June 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.290

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Background

Diabetics are likely to receive advice from their physicians concerning lifestyle changes. To understand how much sodium is consumed by diabetics in Korea, we compared the average daily sodium intake between diabetics and non-diabetics after controlling for confounding factors.

Methods

We obtained the sodium intake data for 13,957 individuals who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008 to 2010, which consisted of a health interview and behavioral and nutritional surveys. The KNHANES uses a stratified, multistage, probability-sampling design, and weighting adjustments were conducted to represent the entire population.

Results

Our analysis revealed that, overall, diabetics tended to have lower sodium intake (4,910.2 mg) than healthy individuals (5,188.2 mg). However, both diabetic and healthy individuals reported higher sodium intake than is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Stratified subgroup analyses revealed that the sodium intake (4,314.2 mg) among newly diagnosed diabetics was higher among women when compared to patients with known diabetes (3,812.5 mg, P=0.035). Female diabetics with cardiovascular disease had lower average sodium intake compared to those without cardiovascular disease after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and total energy intake (P=0.058). Sodium intake among male diabetics with hypercholesterolemia (P=0.011) and female diabetics with hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.067) tended to be higher than that among those who without dyslipidemia.

Conclusion

The average sodium intake of diabetics in Korea was higher than the WHO recommends. Sodium intake in newly diagnosed diabetics was significantly higher than that in non-diabetics and previously diagnosed diabetics among females. Prospective studies are needed to identify the exact sodium intake.

Citations

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2011 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Korea: Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung-Rea Kim, Dong-Joon Kim, Seung-Joon Oh, Hye-Jin Lee, Kang-Hee Shim, Mi-Hye Woo, Jun-Young Kim, Nan-Hee Kim, Jae-Taik Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Hae Jin Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, Eun-Kyung Hong, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Ji-Oh Mok, Kun-Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):431-436. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.431

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As in other countries, type 2 diabetes is major health concern in Korea. A dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens. Early detection of high risk individuals, hidden diabetic patients, and improvement in the quality of care for the disease are the first steps to mitigate the increase in prevalence. The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In the guidelines, the committee recommended active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added the hemoglobin A1c level to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, the committee members emphasized that integrating patient education and self-management is an essential part of care. The drug treatment algorithm based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics were also updated.

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A Survey of Diabetic Educators and Patients for the Revision of Korean Food Exchange Lists: Jae Won Cho, Mee Ra Kweon, Young Mi Park, Mi Hye Woo, Hye Sook Yoo, Jeong Hyun Lim, Bo Kyung Koo, Chong Hwa Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Tae Sun Park, Choong Ho Shin, Kyu Chang Won, Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):173-181. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.173

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Background

Food exchange lists are one of the main methods of nutritional education. However, Korean food exchange lists have not been revised since 1994. Therefore, we surveyed the opinions of diabetes educators and patients with diabetes regarding the need for revision of the current food exchange lists.

Methods

For two weeks beginning on 10 March 2008, a 12-item questionnaire regarding the opinion and need for revision of the current food exchange lists was e-mailed to diabetes educators nationwide. Another 15-question survey was administered to patients with diabetes in 13 hospitals located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions of Korea.

Results

We obtained survey responses from 101 diabetes educators and 209 patients; 65 (64.3%) of the educators answered that the current food exchange lists should be revised. The items that needed revision were the glycemic index, addition of new foods and reaffirmation of exchange standard amounts. The patients demanded specific education about choosing appropriate foods, a balanced meal plan, proper snacks, and dining intake.

Conclusion

Our survey results demonstrate the need to revise the Korean food exchange lists. This process should focus on glycemic index, the addition of new foods and reconfirmation of one exchange reference unit.

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