Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Young Min Cho (Cho YM)

14 Articles

Effect of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein (ADRP) on Glucose Uptake of Skeletal Muscle.: Yun Hyi Ku, Min Kim, Sena Kim, Ho Seon Park, Han Jong Kim, In Kyu Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Sung Soo Chung, Sang Gyu Park, Young Min Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(3):206-214. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.3.206

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Skeletal muscle is the most important tissue contributing to insulin resistance. Several studies have shown that accumulation of intramyocellular lipid is associated with the development of insulin resistance. Thus, proteins involved in lipid transport, storage and metabolism might also be involved in insulin action in skeletal muscle. Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), which is localized at the surface of lipid droplets, is known to be regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). However, it is not known whether ADRP plays a role in regulating glucose uptake and insulin action in skeletal muscle. METHODS: ADRP expression in skeletal muscle was measured by RT-PCR and western blot in db/db mice with and without PPARgamma agonist. The effect of PPARgamma agonist or high lipid concentration (0.4% intralipos) on ADRP expression was also obtained in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Glucose uptake was measured when ADRP was down-regulated with siRNA or when ADRP was overexpressed with adenovirus. RESULTS: ADRP expression increased in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice in comparison with normal controls and tended to increase with the treatment of PPARgamma agonist. In cultured human skeletal muscle cells, the treatment of PPARgamma agonist or high lipid concentration increased ADRP expression. siADRP treatment decreased both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake whereas ADRP overexpression increased glucose uptake in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. CONCLUSION: ADRP expression in skeletal muscle is increased by PPARgamma agonist or exposure to high lipid concentration. In these conditions, increased ADRP contributed to increase glucose uptake. These results suggest that insulin-sensitizing effects of PPARgamma are at least partially achieved by the increase of ADRP expression, and ADRP has a protective effect against intramyocellular lipid-induced insulin resistance.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Aspirin Resistance in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Mi Yeon Kang, Young Min Cho, Hyun Kyung Kim, Jee Hyun An, Hwa Young Ahn, Ji Won Yoon, Hoon Sung Choi, Jie Seon Lee, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):53-59. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.1.53

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BACKGROUND
We examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of aspirin resistance in the Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We studied 181 Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were taking aspirin (100 mg/day for > or = 3 months) and no other antiplatelet agents. The VerifyNow System was used to determine aspirin responsiveness. Aspirin resistance was defined as an aspirin reaction unit (ARU) > or = 550. We measured the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) to evaluate arteriosclerosis. The anthropometric parameters, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles, hemoglobin A1c, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, and microalbuminuria were measured in each patient. RESULTS: The prevalence of aspirin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients was 9.4% (17 of 181). Those who had aspirin resistance were older than those without aspirin resistance (64.6 +/- 10.6 vs. 59.8 +/- 8.1, P = 0.024). Aspirin resistance was not associated with fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, hsCRP, homocysteine, microalbuminuria, ABI, CAVI, and body mass index. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of aspirin resistance in the Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 9.4%. Although aspirin resistance was associated with old age, we could not find any good clinical parameter to predict it. Therefore, aspirin resistance should be evaluated in diabetic patients taking aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Positively Associates With Aspirin Resistance in the Patients of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke
Jue Wang, Bin Cao, Yan Gao, Dong Han, Haiping Zhao, Yuhua Chen, Yumin Luo, Juan Feng, Yanxia Guo
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
6^th Asian PAD Workshop

Annals of Vascular Diseases.2015; 8(2): 135. CrossRef
Non-HDL cholesterol is an independent risk factor for aspirin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Jong Dai Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Kue Jeong Ahn, Jae Hyoung Cho, Kyung Mook Choi, Jun Goo Kang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ki Young Lee, Byung Wan Lee, Ji Oh Mok, Min Kyong Moon, Joong Yeol Park, Sung Woo Park
Atherosclerosis.2014; 234(1): 146. CrossRef

Two Cases of Autoantibody Negative Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.: Hwa Young Cho, Young Min Cho, Myoung Hee Park, Mi Yeon Kang, Ki Hwan Kim, Yun Hyi Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(4):372-376. Published online July 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.4.372

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Abstract PDF: Autoantibody negative fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by a remarkably abrupt onset, metabolic derangement such as diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, low HbA1c level at onset and a negative islet-related autoantibodies. The prevalence of fulminant type 1 diabetes has large difference between Japan and other countries. The precise reason for this regional variation remains to be clarified. One of the possible explanations is genetic background such as genotype of class II HLA molecule. In addition, environment factors including viral infection are suggested as possible pathogenesis of the disease. Only a few cases with fulminant type 1 diabetes have been reported outside Japan, and most of these cases with definite diagnosis have been reported in Korea. We report here on two Korean patients that met the criteria for diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes in accordance with their HLA genotypes.

Retraction: Polymorphisms of Kir6.2 Gene are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Blood Pressure in the Korean Population.: Bo Kyeong Koo, Hong Il Kim, Eu Jin Lee, Young Min Cho, Hyoung Doo Shin, Hak Chul Jang, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):185-185. Published online March 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.185

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Association between Genetic Polymorphisms in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4alpha and Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans.: Eun Jung Lee, Soo Heon Kwak, Sun Wook Jo, Hyung Jin Choi, Hyoung Doo Shin, Min Kyong Moon, Young Min Cho, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Houng Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(1):10-16. Published online January 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.1.10

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) is a member of transcription factor network which is essential for the development and function of the beta cell. Furthermore mutations in the HNF-4alpha gene have been known to cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Therefore we aimed to examine the association between polymorphisms in the HNF-4alpha gene and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its related phenotypes in the Korean population. METHODS: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HNF-4alpha gene, g.4681C>T and HNF-4alpha g.12352C>T (Thr139Ile), were genotyped in unrelated T2DM (n=760) and non-diabetic subjects (n=303). The genetic associations between these SNPs and the risk of T2DM and metabolic phenotypes were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant association between genetic polymorphisms in the HNF-4alpha and the risk of T2DM. However HNF-4alpha g.4681C>T increased total cholesterol in the recessive model (P = 0.02) and showed marginal association with fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.049) in the additive model. CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of T2DM in the Korean populations. But HNF-4alpha g.4681C>T was associated with higher level of total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose.

Polymorphisms of Kir6.2 Gene are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Blood Pressure in the Korean Population.: Bo Kyeong Koo, Hong Il Kim, Eu Jin Lee, Young Min Cho, Hyoung Doo Shin, Hak Chul Jang, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(5):440-450. Published online September 1, 2005

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Abstract PDF: BACKGOUND: ATP-sensitive potassium channels are a heterooctamer of SUR1 and Kir6.2, which are key components in the insulin secretory mechanism. Whether common variants in the Kir6.2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and/or its associated phenotypes was investigated. METHODS: The Kir6.2 gene was sequenced in 24Korean DNA samples to identify common polymorphisms (frequency > 0.05). The common variants found among these samples were genotyped in a larger population including type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects. RESULTS: Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion/deletion polymorphism were identified in the Kir6.2 gene, with six common variants(g.-1709A>T, g.-1525T>C, g.67G >A [E23K], g.570C>T [A190A], g.1009A>G [1337V], and g.1388C>T) genotyped in 761 type 2 diabetic patients and 675 nondiabetic subjects. Four individual polymorphisms(g.-1525T > C, g.67G>A, g.1009A>G and g.1388C>T) appeared to be associated with type 2 diabetes (age, sex and BMI-adjusted odds ratio[OR]=0.751[0.584-0.967] in the recessive model on g-1525T>C, 1.193 [1.020-1.394] in the additive model in g.67G>A, 1.195 [1.022-1.399] in the additive model on g.1009A>G, 0.835 [0.717-0.973] in the additive model in g.1388C >T). The haplotype "ATACGC" in the Kir6.2 gene, composed of rare allele in the g.67 and g.1009, was also associated with a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (age, sex, and BMI- adjusted OR = 1.256 [1.067-1.479], P for logistic regression = 0.006). In addition g.67G>A and g.1009A >G in the KCNJ11 were strongly associated with a high systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms in the Kir6.2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and blood pressure in the Korean population.

Pregnancy Outcome in Korean Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed by the Carpenter-Coustan Criteria.: Hak Chul Jang, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Moon Young Kim, Jae Hyug Yang, Son Moon Shin; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(2):122-130. Published online April 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The American Diabetes Association recently proposed the Carpenter-Coustan criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) based on the results of the Toronto Tri-Hospital Study. The prevalence of GDM in Korean women increased, on average, by 60% when the Carpenter-Coustan criteria were applied. However, the pregnancy outcome of Korean women with GDM with regard to the Carpenter-Coustan criteria tremains to be reported. The pregnancy outcomes of those Korean women with GDM by the Carpenter- Coustan criteria, but not by the NDDG criteria were assessed. METHODS: In this study, a total of 2776 pregnant women underwent universal screening for GDM, between January 1993 and December 1994, as recommended by the Third International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with minor modifications. The primary pregnancy outcomes were preeclampsia, premature delivery, delivery by C-section, birth weight and LGA infants. RESULTS: Of the 2776 women, 656 screened-positive for GDM. Of these, 37 and 74 had GDM by the Carpenter-Coustan and NDDG criteria, respectively. With increasing glucose intolerance, there was a stepwise increase in premature deliveries, deliveries by C-section and preeclampsia from those screening negative to GDM by the NDDG criteria, with a similar trend for the frequency of LGA infants. The LGA infant screening-negative and positive were 13.5 and 16.1%, but those with a normal glucose tolerance were 27.0 and 33.8% in those screening positive to GDM by the Carpenter-Coustan and NDDG criteria, respectively(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that increasing glucose tolerance was associated with increasing frequencies of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korean women. The maternally complicated and LGA infants were significantly higher in women with GDM by the Carpenter-Coustan criteria. Thus the Carpenter- Coustan criteria are recommended for the diagnosis of GDM in Korean Women.

Common Genetic Polymorphisms in the Promoter of Resistin Gene are Major Determinants of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Humans.: Young Min Cho, Byung Soo Youn, Sung Soo Chung, Ki Woo Kim, Bo Kyeong Koo, Kang Yeol Yu, Hong Je Park, Hyoung Doo Shin, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(1):9-19. Published online February 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Resistin has been postulated to be an important link between obesity and insulin resistance. Genetic polymorphisms in the resistin gene promotor have been suggested as a determinant of the expression of resistin mRNA, which is possibly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, the association between the genotype of the resistin promoter, and its plasma concentrations, were investigated. METHODS: The g.-537A>C and g.-420C>G polymorphisms in the resistin promoter were examined, and the levels of plasma resistin measured in the Korean subjects, both with and without type 2 diabetes. Haplotype-based promoter activity and the gel electrophoretic mobility-shift assays(EMSA) were also performed. RESULTS: The -420G and the -537A alleles, which were in linkage disequilibrium, were associated with higher plasma resistin concentrations. Individuals with the A-G(-537 A and -420G) haplotypes showed significantly higher plasma resistin levels than those that did not. The haplotypes A-G had modestly increased promoter activities compared to the other haplotypes. The EMSA revealed the -420 G allele to be specific for binding of the nuclear proteins from adipocytes and monocytes. However, neither polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes or obesity in our study subjects. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms in the promoter of the resistin gene are major determinants of plasma resistin concentrations in humans

The Effects of Insulin Sensitizers on the Plasma Concentrations of Adipokines in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Hye Seung Jung, Young Min Cho, Kyung Won Kim, Byung Soo Youn, Kang Yeol Yu, Hong Je Park, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(6):476-489. Published online December 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Resistin, leptin and adiponectin are proteins secreted from adipose tissue, and have been suggested to play roles in insulin sensitivity. The effects of the circulating levels of two different types of insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone and metformin, in type 2 diabetic patients were examined to elucidate the relationship between adipokines and insulin resistance. METHODS: Thirty type 2 diabetic patients, who showed poor glycemic control when administered 4 mg glimepiride a day, without severe diabetic complications or medical illness, were randomized to receive an additional 4mg rosiglitazone or 1000 mg metformin a day. The plasma resistin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured at the baseline and after 6 months of treatment. The anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acids were also measured. Certain single nucleotide polymorphisms of adipokine genes were also identified. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the reductions of the plasma glucose and HbA1C levels, after 6 months of treatment, between the two groups. The plasma resistin concentrations decreased, the adiponectin significantly increased and the leptin showed a tendency to increase in the rosiglitazone group. In the metformin group, only the resistin concentration significantly increased. However, the changes in the adipokines did not correlate with the HOMA-IR in either group. The reduction in the HbA1C due to rosiglitazone was greater if the initial leptin level was high, if there was a G allele on the -420th locus of the resistin gene, or the 45th locus of the APM1 (adiponectin gene) was the T-homozygote or there was a T allele on the 276th locus of the APM1. Those due to metfromin were greater with high initial adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: In type 2 diabetic patients, showing poor glycemic control with sulfonylurea therapy, rosiglitazone or metformin treatment changed some of the adipokine concentrations, but these changes were not clearly related with insulin resistance. Polymorphisms of certain adipokine genes seem to have a relation to the susceptibility of rosiglitazone.

Genetic Association of Adiponectin Polymorphisms with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Yun Yong Lee, Nam Seok Lee, Young Min Cho, Min Kyong Moon, Hye Seung Jung, Young Joo Park, Hong Je Park, Byoung Soo Youn, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park, Hyoung Doo Shin; Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(6):438-448. Published online December 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein, is known to modulate insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes and components of the insulin resistance syndrome. METHODS: The frequencies of SNP T45G and G276T of the adiponectin gene was examined in 493 unrelated type 2 diabetic and 136 non-diabetic control Korean subjects. The clinical characteristics and plasma adiponectin levels of the subjects were compared within these genotypes. RESULTS: The T allele at SNP45 was significantly more frequent in the type 2 diabetes than in the control subjects (71.6 vs. 64.3%, p=0.013). The subjects with the G/G genotype of SNP45 were at reduced risk for type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.495, 95% CI 0.246-0.995, p=0.048) compared with those having the T/T genotype. However, there were no statistically significant differences in allele the frequencies (G frequency in the control vs. the diabetic group 73.9 vs. 68.9%, p=0.106) and genotype frequencies at SNP276 between groups. The subjects with the T/T genotype at SNP45 had higher a body mass index (24.6+/- 3.1 vs. 24.1+/-2.8 kg/m2, p=0.036) and serum triglyceride levels (2.03+/-1.31 vs. 1.87+/-1.38 mmol/1, p=0.041) than the T/G+G/G genotypes in the diabetic group. Those with the T/T genotype also had lower plasma adiponectin levels than those without T/T genotype at SNP45 in the control group (6.11+/-3.10 vs. 8.24+/-4.24 g/mL, p=0.043). There was a similar trend in diabetic group, but this did not reach statistical significance (4.32+/-2.81 vs. 4.96+/-3.26 g/mL, p=0.097). The SNP276 had no association with the clinical features of insulin resistance or plasma adiponectin level. CONCLUSION: The T/T genotype of SNP45 in the adiponectin gene was associated with a low adiponectin level, high body mass index, the serum triglyceride level and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The SNP276 in the adiponectin gene may not be an important determinant of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes in Korean subjects.

Clinical Characteristics of Post-transplantation Diabetes Mellitus associated with Tacrolimus Therapy after Kidney Transplantation.: Young Min Cho, Hye Seung Jung, Yun Yong Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Suk Kyung Kim, Hyun Jung Jeon, Curie Ahn, Jong Won Ha, Sang Joon Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(6):509-519. Published online December 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Post-transplantion diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major metabolic complication of transplantation and shows a variable incidence among studies with different population or different definition. We examined the incidence and the risk factors of PTDM in the Korean patients with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression following kidney transplantation, and also investigated the change of insulin secretory capacity. METHODS: Twenty-one patients using tacrolimus as primary immunosuppressant were recruited and tested with serial 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after kidney transplantation. RESULTS: According to the American Diabetes Association criteria, the incidence of PTDM was 57.1% (12 of 21). Baseline characteristics of PTDM group were old age (especially > 40 yr), high body mass index, high fasting glucose, high plasma insulin, and increased insulin resistance. The insulin secretory capacity in PTDM group was maximally suppressed 3 months after transplantation and was gradually restored thereafter along with dose reduction of tacrolimus. CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid to the patients, especially who are over 40 yr of age, throughout the high dose tacrolimus therapy.

Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Genetic Variations in Uncoupling Protein 2, beta3-Adrenergic Receptor, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma in Korean.: Min Kyong Moon, Young Min Cho, Hye Seung Jung, Tae Yong Kim, Yun Yong Lee, Joong Yeol Park, Ki Up Lee, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Hyoung Doo Shin; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(6):469-480. Published online December 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. The uncoupling proteins, 2 (UCP2), beta3-adrenergic receptor ADRB3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPAR gamma, are genes involved in energy expenditure and fatty acid metabolisms, ans are therefore regarded as candidate genes for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined whether the known polymorphisms of UCP2, ADRB3 and PPAR gamma are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Korean population. METHODS: We studied 516 type 2 diabetic patients and 147 control subjects. The enrollment criteria for the control subjects were as follows; age > 60 years, no family history of diabetes in their first-degree relatives, a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 6.1 mmol/L, and a HbA1C < 5.8%. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, FPG, 2 hour-plasma glucose after 75g-glucose load (2h-PG), blood pressure, lipid profile, and fasting insulin level were measured. The Ala55Val polymorphism of the UCP2, Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3, and Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma were determined by single base extension method. RESULTS: The allele frequency of the Ala55Val variant of the UCP2 tended to be higher in the control subjects than in the type 2 diabetic patients (0.497 vs. 0.456, p=0.064). The allele frequencies of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3, and the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma, were comparable between the diabetic patients and the control subjects (0.141 vs. 0.152 and 0.033 vs. 0.041, respectively). In the control subjects, the Ala55Val polymorphism of the UCP2 was associated with a significantly lower 2h-PG compared to the wild type (6.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/L vs. 6.6 +/- 0.7 mmol/L, p=0.002). The female control subjects, with the ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant, had a significantly lower triglyceride level than those without the variant (1.36 +/- 0.53 mmol/L vs. 1.74 +/- 0.82 mmol/L, p=0.020). The type 2 diabetic patients, with the ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant showed a significantly lower body mass index (23.6 +/- 2.6 kg/m2vs. 24.6 +/- 3.0 kg/m2, p=0.001). The PPAR gamma Pro12Ala variant, was not associated with any of the features of insulin resistance. The combined genotype of the Val allele of UCP2, Trp allele of ADRB3 and Ala allele of PPAR gamma was less frequent among the type 2 diabetes patients than the control subjects (0.020 vs. 0.056, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: The Ala55Val variant of the UCP2, the Trp64Arg variant of the ADRB3 and the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR gamma, were not associated with type 2 diabetes in the Korean population. However, the Ala55Val variant of the UCP2 was associated with a lower 2h-PG in the control subjects and the Trp64Arg variant of the ADRB3 was associated with a lower triglyceride level in the female control subjects. Further study may be required to elucidate if the combined genotype of Val allele of UCP2, Trp allele of ADRB3 and Ala allele of PPAR gamma would be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Characteristics of S20G Mutation of Amylin Gene in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Young Min Cho, Min Kim, Yun Yong Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(5):377-382. Published online October 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Islet amyloid deposition, which is mainly composed of amylin, is a characteristic pathological finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A missense mutation of amylin at amino acid 20, from Serine to Glycine (S20G), has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes in Japanese. In this study, we examined the frequency and clinical characteristics of the S20G mutation in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We studied 364 unrelated patients with type 2 diabetes from Seoul National University Hospital and compared them with 70 non-diabetic subjects. We measured their weight, height, blood pressure and the circumferences of their waist and hips, in order to obtain their prediabetic maximal body weight. Their Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured. To detect the S20G mutation, we used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The clinical features of the patients with the S20G mutation were compared with those without the mutation. RESULTS: The S20G mutation was found in 7 of the 364 diabetic patients (1.9 %) and in 1 of the 70 non-diabetic control subjects (1.4 %). The body mass index (BMI) of the patients with the S20G mutation was lower than in those with wild type (21.2+/-1.8 vs. 24.3+/-3.0 kg/m2; p<0.01). The prediabetic maximal BMI was also lower in the patients with S20G mutation (22.4+/-2.3 vs. 26.4+/-3.2 kg/m2; p<0.01) than in those with the wild type. The patients with the S20G mutation had a higher HbA1c level compared to those with the wild type (9.3+/-1.4 vs. 7.7+/-1.3%; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The frequency of the S20G mutation of the amylin gene was 1.9% in the unrelated type 2 diabetic Korean patients. The S20G mutation is associated with a lower BMI and poor glycemic control.

Correlation between Basal Insulin Requirements and Daily Administered Insulin Dosage in Diabetes.: Min Kyong Moon, Jong Ho Ahn, Tae Yong Kim, Won Shik Shinn, Soo Lim, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(5):552-559. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract: BACKGROUND
In patients who need insulin therapy, it is difficult to assess insulin requirements because of individual variability in insulin sensitivity and secretion. The aim of this study is to know that it is possible to achieve rapidly and efficiently normoglycemia based on insulin infusion algorithm and whether there is correlation between basal insulin requirements and daily administered total insulin dose. METHODS: Total 34 patients were enrolled. Insulin infusion was begun at 2:00 p.m., and bedside blood glucose concentration was measured at hourly intervals. The rate of insulin infusion was adjusted according to blood glucose levels. We compared insulin requirements to maintain normoglycemia (basal insulin requirements) with daily administered total insulin dose. RESULTS: At start, the mean blood glucose concentration was 14.9+/-4.7 mmol/L; by the first hour, it was 10.7+/-3.6 mmol/L; by the second hour, it was 7.4+/-3.1 mmol/L; when the infusion was discontinued, it was 5.7+/-1.0 mmol/L. This algorithm successfully inducted normoglycemia in all patients within 3.5+/-1.8 h. There was significant correlation between basal insulin requirements and daily administered total insulin dosage. And, daily administered insulin dose had significant correlation with first hour glucose concentration, first hour insulin infusion rate, second hour glucose concentration, second hour insulin infusion rate, and glucose concentration at the end. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that normoglycemia can be achieved rapidly and efficiently based on insulin infusion algorithm. The present study suggested that we could predict daily insulin requirements through basal insulin requirements that we measured.

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