- Development of Diabetes Mellitus in Married Couples According to Environmental Factors.
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Yong Mi Lee, Hyon Ju Yon, Yeon Lee, Byoung Jun Lee, Jang Hyun Koh, Choon Hee Chung
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Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(2):133-139. Published online March 1, 2005
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 Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
The prevalence of diabetes has been rapidly increasing on a global scale. Genetic factors are important in the development of type 2 diabetes, but this alone cannot explain the rapid increase. Environmental factors are also known to have a major influence on the development of diabetes. This is especially common in those couples with a diabetic spouse, as both the people tend to share the same environmental factors such as nutrition, lifestyle and physical activity. This study intends to examine what environmental factors affect the development of diabetes mellitus in a healthy couple. METHODS: This study examined 21 couples where both people were diabetic and 20 couples where only one of the spouses was diabetic. Among the 21 diabetic couples, 12 males and 9 females became diabetic later than their spouses. Among the control group couples, 10 males and 10 females spouses didn't have diabetes. Both groups underwent basic checkups including measuring their height, weight, body fat, waist hip circumference, the difference in weight change after getting married, blood pressure and pulse rates. We also measured fasting glucose levels, cholesterol levels, total daily calorie intake and physical activity. RESULTS: In the comparison of the two groups, the patient group had a higher calorie consumption than control group(patient group: 1859.04+/-269.46kcal, vs. the control group: 1605.95+/-301.34 kcal, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggest that high calorie consumption could be an important factor in the development of a couple's diabetes
- Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gamma Agonist, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and alpha-lipoic Acid on Renal VEGF Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy.
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Jang Hyun Koh, Yeon Lee, Mi Jin Kim, Young Goo Shin, Eun Young Lee, Choon Hee Chung
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Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(5):367-376. Published online October 1, 2004
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications in diabetes mellitus, and it is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. It has been reported that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) reduces the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and so it plays an important role in reducing the renal damage. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist is known to reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. In the previous study, PPAR-gamma agonist was shown to lower VEGF expression in the retina, but it increased the plasma VEGF level. Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA), which is an antioxidant, lowers the increased level of VEGF in retina as well. The precise role of PPAR-gamma agonist and alpha-LA on renal VEGF expression in diabetic nephropathy is still uncertain. We studied the effect of PPAR-gamma agonist, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ATIIRB) and alpha-LA on the renal VEGF expression in diabetic rats. METHODS: We used 60 Sprague-Dawley male rats, those were 8 weeks old and weighted about 300 g each as the study subjects. Among them, 48 rats were chosen and injected with streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) into peritoneal cavity to induce diabetes mellitus. The rast were than divided into 5 groups. Group I was a normal control group (n=12), group II was diabetic control group (n=12), group III was diabetic group that was given with PPAR-gamma agonist (n=12), group IV was the diabetic group that was given ATIIRB (n=12), and group V was the diabetic rats that were given alpha-LA (n=12). We measured their body weight, blood glucose levels, 24 hour urine protein and albumin levels at the baseline, the 8th and the 16th weeks of the experiment. On the 16th weeks of our experiment we extracted the kidneys to measure the glomerular volume, the optical density of the VEGF staining and VEGF mRNA expression. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, the 5 groups all showed similar 24 hour urine albumin levels. At the 8th week, group II showed an increased urine albumin level of 143.4 +/- 117.2 mg/day; this was greater than that of group IV (60.7+/-30.6 mg/day) (p<0.05). The glomerular volume and optical densities of VEGF expression were significantly reduced in group III, IV and V compared to group II. For group IV and V, the renal VEGF mRNA expression was significantly lower than that of group II, but group III showed no significant difference. from group II. CONCLUSION: Angiotensin II receptor blocker delayed the progression of diabetic nephropathy. PPAR-gamma agonist and alpha-lipoic acid did not have any protective effect against the progression of diabetic nephropathy in spite of the decreased VEGF expression noted in this study.
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