Table 1Baseline characteristics
Variable |
Control (n=109) |
T2DM (n=103) |
P value |
Age, yr |
48.9±14.7 |
52.2±12.4 |
0.070a
|
Sex, male |
42 (38.5) |
58 (56.3) |
0.010b
|
Height, cm |
162.5±9.6 |
164.3±9.0 |
0.168a
|
Body weight, kg |
65.2±5.1 |
70.0±13.6 |
0.016a
|
Waist circumference, cm |
84.4±11.0 |
88.7±11.6 |
0.049a
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
24.5±4.1 |
25.9±4.1 |
0.018a
|
Smoking status |
|
|
|
Current smoker |
8 (7.5) |
24 (24.2) |
0.001b
|
Former smoker |
11 (10.4) |
15 (15.2) |
0.321b
|
Never |
87 (82.1) |
60 (60.6) |
0.001b
|
Hypertension |
18 (16.5) |
35 (34.0) |
0.003b
|
Dyslipidemia |
19 (17.4) |
20 (19.4) |
0.709b
|
Coronary artery disease |
10 (9.2) |
6 (5.8) |
0.356b
|
Cerebrovascular disease |
1 (0.5) |
6 (5.8) |
0.059b
|
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
128.7±15.1 |
134.4±17.9 |
0.014a
|
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
76.5±11.0 |
80.1±10.1 |
0.015a
|
HbA1c, % |
5.5±0.4 |
8.2±2.2 |
<0.001a
|
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
99.2±14.5 |
169.7±59.6 |
<0.001a
|
PP2 glucose, mg/dL |
127.9±34.7 |
311.2±99.8 |
<0.001a
|
Fasting C-peptide, pmol/mL |
0.70±0.36 |
0.90±0.38 |
<0.001a
|
PP2 C-peptide, pmol/mL |
3.38±1.42 |
2.74±1.48 |
0.003a
|
Fasting insulin, µIU/mL |
9.39±5.21 |
11.79±6.72 |
0.005a
|
PP2 insulin, µIU/mL |
65.32±66.80 |
49.54±45.60 |
0.059a
|
HOMA-IR |
2.39±1.93 |
4.89±2.96 |
<0.001a
|
HOMA-β |
99.2±50.6 |
52.9±47.2 |
<0.001a
|
Apolipoprotein A, mg/dL |
131.7±29.8 |
121.7±28.7 |
0.089a
|
Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL |
91.7±25.5 |
104.1±30.0 |
0.025a
|
Triglyceride, mg/dL |
127.3±103.6 |
221.7±242.2 |
<0.001a
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
190.5±37.8 |
203.3±52.2 |
0.046a
|
Serum creatinine, mg/dL |
0.74±0.16 |
0.84±1.01 |
0.313a
|
Estimated GFR |
104.5±20.7 |
115.9±59.6 |
0.068a
|
HDL-C, mg/dL |
54.7±13.5 |
49.4±13.8 |
0.006a
|
LDL-C, mg/dL |
117.5±34.6 |
124.6±47.8 |
0.229a
|
sEGFR, ng/mL |
76.6±19.9 |
84.5±16.1 |
0.002a
|
Table 2Regression analysis between various clinical factors and the soluble epidermal growth factor receptor in T2DM group
Variable |
Univariate regression |
Multivariate regression |
R
|
R2
|
β±SE |
P value |
Partial R2
|
β±SE |
P value |
Male sex |
0.159 |
0.025 |
−5.112±3.166 |
0.110 |
|
|
|
Age |
0.276 |
0.076 |
−0.358±0.124 |
0.005 |
0.001 |
−0.053±0.161 |
0.744 |
Height |
0.211 |
0.044 |
0.376±0.175 |
0.034 |
0.001 |
−0.081±0.226 |
0.723 |
Body weight |
0.125 |
0.016 |
0.148±0.117 |
0.207 |
|
|
|
Waist circumference |
0.242 |
0.059 |
−0.337±0.172 |
0.054 |
|
|
|
Body mass index |
0.002 |
0.000 |
−0.007±0.394 |
0.986 |
|
|
|
Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current smoker |
0.163 |
0.026 |
6.153±3.712 |
0.101 |
|
|
|
Former smoker |
0.125 |
0.016 |
1.895±1.491 |
0.207 |
|
|
|
Never |
0.229 |
0.053 |
−3.716±1.570 |
0.020 |
0.060 |
−3.988±1.425 |
0.006 |
Hypertension |
0.108 |
0.012 |
−3.633±3.339 |
0.279 |
|
|
|
Dyslipidemia |
0.129 |
0.017 |
−5.199±3.988 |
0.195 |
|
|
|
Coronary artery disease |
0.110 |
0.012 |
−7.532±6.749 |
0.267 |
|
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease |
0.075 |
0.006 |
5.140±6.772 |
0.450 |
|
|
|
Systolic BP |
0.062 |
0.004 |
−0.056±0.089 |
0.535 |
|
|
|
Diastolic BP |
0.038 |
0.001 |
0.060±0.157 |
0.705 |
|
|
|
Hemoglobin |
0.162 |
0.026 |
1.602±1.002 |
0.113 |
|
|
|
HbA1c |
0.470 |
0.221 |
3.440±0.646 |
<0.001 |
0.166 |
3.143±0.675 |
<0.001 |
Fasting glucose |
0.407 |
0.166 |
0.110±0.024 |
<0.001 |
0.016 |
0.074±0.052 |
0.155 |
PP2 glucose |
0.469 |
0.220 |
0.075±0.015 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
−0.002±0.029 |
0.951 |
Fasting C-peptide |
0.160 |
0.026 |
−6.801±4.258 |
0.113 |
|
|
|
PP2 C-peptide |
0.450 |
0.202 |
−4.770±1.034 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
0.685±2.491 |
0.784 |
Fasting insulin |
0.256 |
0.066 |
−0.620±0.238 |
0.011 |
0.037 |
−0.785±0.359 |
0.032 |
PP2 insulin |
0.410 |
0.168 |
−0.142±0.034 |
<0.001 |
0.005 |
−0.080±0.092 |
0.388 |
HOMA-IR |
0.056 |
0.003 |
−0.310±0.558 |
0.579 |
|
|
|
HOMA-β |
0.296 |
0.087 |
−0.102±0.033 |
0.003 |
0.028 |
0.141±0.075 |
0.065 |
Apolipoprotein A |
0.072 |
0.005 |
−0.044±0.084 |
0.603 |
|
|
|
Apolipoprotein B |
0.226 |
0.051 |
0.131±0.077 |
0.094 |
|
|
|
Triglyceride |
0.198 |
0.039 |
0.013±0.006 |
0.045 |
0.004 |
−0.007±0.010 |
0.497 |
Total cholesterol |
0.366 |
0.134 |
0.113±0.029 |
<0.001 |
0.081 |
0.107±0.033 |
0.002 |
Serum creatinine |
0.274 |
0.075 |
4.337±1.517 |
0.005 |
0.014 |
1.976±1.451 |
0.178 |
Estimated GFR |
0.012 |
0.001 |
−0.003±0.027 |
0.907 |
|
|
|
HDL-C |
0.064 |
0.004 |
−0.075±0.118 |
0.527 |
|
|
|
LDL-C |
0.272 |
0.074 |
0.092±0.033 |
0.006 |
0.001 |
−0.011±0.106 |
0.921 |