Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Real-World Treatment Patterns according to Clinical Practice Guidelines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study: Ye Seul Yang, Nam Hoon Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jang Won Son, Seung-Hwan Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Chong Hwa Kim, Keeho Song, Eun-Jung Rhee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):279-289. Published online January 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0225

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Background
Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD.
Methods
We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study.
Results
Overall, 2,050 patients were eligible for analysis among 2,107 enrolled patients. The mean patient age, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin level were 70.0 years, 12.0 years, and 7.5%, respectively. During the mean follow-up duration of 9.7 months, 25.7% of the patients were prescribed SGLT2is after CVD events. However, only 1.8% were prescribed GLP-1RAs. Compared with SGLT2i non-users, SGLT2i users were more frequently male and obese. Furthermore, they had a shorter diabetes duration but showed worse glycemic control and better renal function at the time of the event. GLP-1RA users had a longer duration of diabetes and worse glycemic control at the time of the event than GLP-1RA non-users.
Conclusion
The SGLT2i or GLP-1RA prescription rates were suboptimal in patients with T2DM and established CVD. Sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and renal function were associated with the use of these agents.

Citations

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Enhancing Patient Outcomes: Prioritizing SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in Diabetes with CVD
Gwanpyo Koh
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 208. CrossRef

Reviews

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association: Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae Jin Kim, Hyun Min Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Nam Hoon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Jeeyun Ahn, Tae Jung Oh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Kim, Eugene Han, Sang-Man Jin, Won Suk Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):575-594. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0282

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In May 2023, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association published the revised clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes. We incorporated the latest clinical research findings through a comprehensive systematic literature review and applied them in a manner suitable for the Korean population. These guidelines are designed for all healthcare providers nationwide, including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators who manage patients with diabetes or individuals at risk of developing diabetes. Based on recent changes in international guidelines and the results of a Korean epidemiological study, the recommended age for diabetes screening has been lowered. In collaboration with the relevant Korean medical societies, recently revised guidelines for managing hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes have been incorporated into this guideline. An abridgment containing practical information on patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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Mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Eugene Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yong-ho Lee, Seung Up Kim
Metabolism.2024; 152: 155789. CrossRef
Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study
In-Kyung Jeong
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Association between cardiovascular disease risk and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with prediabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Myung Jin Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 208: 111125. CrossRef
Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2023: analysis of nationwide population-based data with a particular focus on hypertension in special populations
Hyeon Chang Kim, Hokyou Lee, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Dasom Son, Minsung Cho, Sojung Shin, Yeeun Seo, Eun-Jin kim, Song Vogue Ahn, Sun Ha Jee, Sungha Park, Hae-Young Lee, Min Ho Shin, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Seung Won Lee, Jong Ku Park, Il Suh, Tae-Yong Lee
Clinical Hypertension.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetes Duration, Cholesterol Levels, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population
Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Metabolites.2024; 14(3): 169. CrossRef
A self-powered and supercapacitive microneedle continuous glucose monitoring system with a wide range of glucose detection capabilities
Hye-Jun Kil, Jang Hyeon Kim, Kanghae Lee, Tae-Uk Kang, Ju-Hyun Yoo, Yong-ho Lee, Jin-Woo Park
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2024; 257: 116297. CrossRef
Cardiorenal outcomes and mortality after sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor initiation in type 2 diabetes patients with percutaneous coronary intervention history
Jin Hwa Kim, Young Sang Lyu, BongSeong Kim, Mee Kyung Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Ki‐Hyun Baek, Ki‐Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Recommendations for Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Junghyun Noh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 127. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes
Min Kyong Moon
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Ye Seul Yang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 135. CrossRef
A 33-Year-Old Man Presented with Abdominal Pain and Vomiting Starting a Day Ago
Jong Han Choi
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(6): 289. CrossRef
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Guideline/Fact Sheet
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement: Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon, on Behalf of Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline, Korean Diabetes Association and Clinical Practice Guideline Committee, Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(1):1-9. Published online January 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0448

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Dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes is an important treatment target as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the primary treatment goal for dyslipidemia is to control low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), achieving this goal remains suboptimal according to recent studies. It is important to set the target goal for LDL-C control based on an accurate risk assessment for CVD. Here, we summarize the latest evidence on lipid management in patients with diabetes and present a consensus of the Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis on the treatment goals of LDL-C according to the duration of diabetes, presence of CVD, target organ damage, or major cardiovascular risk factors. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD, an LDL-C goal of <55 mg/dL and a reduction in LDL-C level by 50% or more from the baseline is recommended. For the primary prevention of CVD in patients with T2DM with a duration of diabetes ≥10 years, major cardiovascular risk factors, or target organ damage, an LDL-C goal of <70 mg/dL is recommended. In patients with T2DM with a duration of diabetes <10 years and no major cardiovascular risk factors, an LDL-C goal of <100 mg/dL is recommended.

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Associations of omega-3 fatty acids vs. fenofibrate with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome: propensity matched cohort study
Nam Hoon Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, Jimi Choi, Sin Gon Kim
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Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Statin Discontinuation in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2024; 13(1): 41. CrossRef
Role of Fenofibrate Use in Dyslipidemia and Related Comorbidities in the Asian Population: A Narrative Review
Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Sin Gon Kim, Yu-Cheng Chang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 184. CrossRef
Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022
Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 632. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes
Min Kyong Moon
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 120. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae J
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 575. CrossRef
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes: Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Ye Seul Yang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 135. CrossRef
Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022
Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(3): 237. CrossRef

Original Article

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Current Status of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Achievement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Compared with Recent Guidelines: Soo Jin Yun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jin-Hye Cha, Juneyoung Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sung Hee Choi, SungWan Chun, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Gwanpyo Koh, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Sungrae Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):464-475. Published online March 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0088

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Background
We evaluated the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to up-to-date Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), and American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study collected electronic medical record data from patients with T2DM (≥20 years) managed by endocrinologists from 15 hospitals in Korea (January to December 2019). Patients were categorized according to guidelines to assess LDL-C target achievement. KDA (2019): Very High-I (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD]) <70 mg/dL; Very High-II (target organ damage [TOD], or cardiovascular risk factors [CVRFs]) <70 mg/dL; high (others) <100 mg/dL. ESC/EAS (2019): Very High-I (ASCVD): <55 mg/dL; Very High-II (TOD or ≥3-CVRF) <55 mg/dL; high (diabetes ≥10 years without TOD plus any CVRF) <70 mg/dL; moderate (diabetes <10 years without CVRF) <100 mg/dL. ADA (2019): Very High-I (ASCVD); Very High-II (age ≥40+ TOD, or any CVRF), for high intensity statin or statin combined with ezetimibe.
Results
Among 2,000 T2DM patients (mean age 62.6 years; male 55.9%; mean glycosylated hemoglobin 7.2%) ASCVD prevalence was 24.7%. Of 1,455 (72.8%) patients treated with statins, 73.9% received monotherapy. According to KDA guidelines, LDL-C target achievement rates were 55.2% in Very High-I and 34.9% in Very High-II patients. With ESC/EAS guidelines, target attainment rates were 26.6% in Very High-I, 15.7% in Very High-II, and 25.9% in high risk patients. Based on ADA guidelines, most patients (78.9%) were very-high risk; however, only 15.5% received high-intensity statin or combination therapy.
Conclusion
According to current dyslipidemia management guidelines, LDL-C goal achievement remains suboptimal in Korean patients with T2DM.

Citations

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Risk factor control and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Do Kyeong Song, Young Sun Hong, Yeon-Ah Sung, Hyejin Lee, Hidetaka Hamasaki
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(1): 12. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 1. CrossRef
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
Association between carotid atherosclerosis and presence of intracranial atherosclerosis using three-dimensional high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes
Ji Eun Jun, You-Cheol Hwang, Kyu Jeong Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Geon-Ho Jahng, Soonchan Park, In-Kyung Jeong, Chang-Woo Ryu
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 191: 110067. CrossRef

Review

Guideline/Fact Sheet
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):461-481. Published online July 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156

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The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.

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젊은 2형 당뇨병 환자의 관리
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Original Article

Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Appraisal of Guidelines for the Management of Blood Pressure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: The Consensuses, Controversies and Gaps: Menghui Liu, Shaozhao Zhang, Xiaohong Chen, Yue Guo, Xiangbin Zhong, Zhenyu Xiong, Yifen Lin, Huimin Zhou, Yiquan Huang, Zhengzhipeng Zhang, Lichun Wang, Xiaodong Zhuang, Xinxue Liao; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):753-764. Published online April 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0134

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Currently available guidelines contain conflicting recommendations on the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, it is necessary to appraise the guidelines and summarize the agreements and differences among recommendations.
Methods
Four databases and the websites of guideline organizations were searched for guidelines regarding BP targets and thresholds for pharmacologic therapy in DM patients, and the included guidelines were appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.
Results
In 6,498 records identified, 20 guidelines met our inclusion criteria with 64.0% AGREE II scores (interquartile range, 48.5% to 72.0%). The scores of the European and American guidelines were superior to those of the Asian guidelines (both adjusted P<0.001). Most of the guidelines advocated systolic BP targets <130 mm Hg (12 guidelines, 60%) and diastolic BP targets <80 mm Hg (14 guidelines, 70%) in DM patients. Approximately half of the guidelines supported systolic BP thresholds >140 mm Hg (10 guidelines, 50%) and diastolic BP thresholds >90 mm Hg (nine guidelines, 45%). The tiny minority of the guidelines provided the relevant recommendations regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)/home BP monitoring (HBPM) targets and thresholds in DM patients.
Conclusion
The lower official BP targets (<130/80 mm Hg) in patients with DM are advocated by most of the guidelines, but they contain conflicting recommendations on the official BP thresholds. Moreover, the gaps regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ABPM/HBPM targets and thresholds need to be considered by future study.

Reviews

Clinical Care/Education
2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo-Yeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Junghyun Noh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seok-O Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Suk Chon, Min Kyong Moon, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Kang-Woo Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Rhee, SungWan Chun, Sung Hoon Yu, Dae Jung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyong Soo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):398-406. Published online August 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0137

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477 Download
160 Web of Science
171 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the 6th Clinical Practice Guidelines in 2019. Targets of glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were updated. The obese and overweight population is increasing steadily in Korea, and half of the Koreans with diabetes are obese. Evidence-based recommendations for weight-loss therapy for obesity management as treatment for hyperglycemia in T2DM were provided. In addition, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations.

Citations

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association: Hyun Jin Kim, Seok O Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sang Youl Rhee, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Kyung Mook Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(6):423-429. Published online December 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.423

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The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were recommended as a monotherapy or combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents or basal insulin in the position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association 2017 for pharmacological therapy. Many randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews report that GLP-1RAs have considerable glucose-lowering effect and lead to weight reduction and low risk of hypoglycemia when used as a monotherapy or combination therapy. The cardiovascular safety of GLP-1RAs has been assessed in several randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials of long-acting GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide) demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The GLP-1RA may be a choice of therapy when weight control and avoidance of hypoglycemia are important, and patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease might also favor choosing GLP-1RA.

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Irene Romera, Ana Cebrián-Cuenca, Fernando Álvarez-Guisasola, Fernando Gomez-Peralta, Jesús Reviriego
Diabetes Therapy.2019; 10(1): 5. CrossRef
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
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The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(1): 35. CrossRef

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017: Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):367-373. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.367

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The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) has regularly updated its Clinical Practice Guidelines. In 2017, the KDA published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Growing evidence from new multinational clinical trials using novel and traditional insulin analogues has also been accumulated. Following global trends, many results of clinical trials, especially concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin therapy, have been published about Korean patients with T2DM. After a systematic search of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the initiation, choice, and intensification of insulin and created an insulin treatment algorithm for the first time to guide physicians caring for adult Korean patients with T2DM.

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Real-World Outcomes of Individualized Targeted Therapy with Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Insulin-Naïve Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes: TOBE Study
Eun-Gyoung Hong, Kyung-Wan Min, Jung Soo Lim, Kyu-Jeung Ahn, Chul Woo Ahn, Jae-Myung Yu, Hye Soon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Won Kim, Dong Han Kim, Hak Chul Jang
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Tolerability and Effectiveness of Switching to Dulaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Insulin Therapy
Youngsook Kim, Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Increasing Individual Target Glucose Levels to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes
Juyoung Shin, Hyunah Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Churlmin Kim, Whan-Seok Choi
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Effects of an actual insulin injection demonstration on insulin acceptance among patients with T2DM: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Atthayaporn Choomai, Apichai Wattanapisit, Orathai Tiangtam
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Favorable Glycemic Control with Once-Daily Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart after Changing from Basal Insulin in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Han Na Jang, Ye Seul Yang, Seong Ok Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Bo Kyung Koo, Hye Seung Jung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(4): 382. CrossRef
Capacity and confidence building for general practitioners on optimum insulin use
Sanjay Kalra, Prasun Deb, KalyanK Gangopadhyay, Sunil Gupta, Abhay Ahluwalia
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Educational Strategies for Insulin Injection Therapy in Elderly Diabetic Patients
Eun Chong Shin
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(2): 101. CrossRef
Summary of Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee
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New anti-diabetic agents
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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Combination Therapy of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Min Kyong Moon, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Seung-Hyun Ko, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan-Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):357-366. Published online October 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.357

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The Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) recently updated the Clinical Practice Guidelines on antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), general recommendations were not changed from those of the 2015 KDA guidelines. The Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines of the KDA has extensively reviewed and discussed the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of effectiveness and safety of OHAs and many clinical trials on Korean patients with T2DM for the update of guidelines. All OHAs were effective when added to metformin or metformin and sulfonylurea, although the effects of each agent on body weight and hypoglycemia were different. Therefore, selection of a second agent as a metformin add-on therapy or third agent as a metformin and sulfonylurea add-on therapy should be based on the patient's clinical characteristics and the efficacy, side effects, mechanism of action, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on body weight, patient preference, and combined comorbidity. In this review, we address the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, comparing the effectiveness and safety among OHAs. It will help to choose the appropriate drug for an individual patient with T2DM.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):349-356. Published online October 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.349

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In order to improve the quality of life and to prevent chronic complications related to diabetes mellitus, intensive lifestyle modification and proper medication are needed from the early stage of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When using the first medication for diabetic patients, the appropriate treatment should be selected considering the clinical characteristics of the patient, efficacy of the drug, side effects, and cost. In general, the use of metformin as the first treatment for oral hypoglycemic monotherapy is recommended because of its excellent blood glucose-lowering effect, relatively low side effects, long-term proven safety, low risk of hypoglycemia, and low weight gain. If metformin is difficult to use as a first-line treatment, other appropriate medications should be selected in view of the clinical situation. If the goal of achieving glycemic control is not achieved by monotherapy, a combination therapy with different mechanisms of action should be initiated promptly.

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Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association: Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(5):337-348. Published online October 17, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.337

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64 Download
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In 2017, the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) published a position statement on the use of antihyperglycemic agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The KDA regularly updates its Clinical Practice Guidelines, but since the last update in 2015, many results from clinical trials have been introduced, and domestic data from studies performed in Korean patients with T2DM have been published. Recently, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations. Additionally, new data from clinical trials using dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones in Korean patients with T2DM were added. Following a systematic review and assessment of recent evidence, the KDA updated and modified its clinical practice recommendations regarding the use of antihyperglycemic agents and revised the treatment algorithm for Korean adult patients with T2DM.

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Clinical Care/Education
A Clinical Practice Guideline to Guide a System Approach to Diabetes Care in Hong Kong: Ip Tim Lau; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(2):81-88. Published online April 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.81

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The Hospital Authority of Hong Kong is a statutory body that manages all the public medical care institutions in Hong Kong. There are currently around 400,000 diabetic patients under its care at 17 hospitals (providing secondary care for 40%) and 73 General Outpatient Clinics (providing primary care for 60%). The patient population has been growing at 6% to 8% per year over the past 5 years, estimated to include over 95% of all diagnosed patients in Hong Kong. In order to provide equitable and a minimal level of care within resources and local system factors constraints, a Clinical Practice Guideline on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus was drawn in 2013 to guide a system approach to providing diabetes care. There is an algorithm for the use of various hypoglycemic agents. An organizational drug formulary governs that less expansive options have to be used first. A number of clinical care and patient empowerment programs have been set up to support structured and systematic diabetes care. With such a system approach, there have been overall improvements in diabetes care with the percentage of patients with glycosylated hemoglobin <7% rising from 40% in 2010 to 52% in 2015.

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Original Article

Epidemiology
Application of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guideline to the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1998 to 2012: Young Shin Song, Tae Jung Oh, Kyoung Min Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Soo Lim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(1):38-50. Published online December 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.1.38

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Background

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline for the treatment of blood cholesterol recommends statin therapy for individuals at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The aim of this study was to investigate serial trends in the percentages of Korean adults considered eligible for statin therapy according to the new ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline.

Methods

Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) I (1998, n=7,698), II (2001, n=5,654), III (2005, n=5,269), IV (2007 to 2009, n=15,727), and V (2010 to 2012, n=16,304), which used a stratified, multistage, probability sampling design, were used as representative of the entire Korean population.

Results

The percentage of adults eligible for statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline increased with time: 17.0%, 19.0%, 20.8%, 20.2%, and 22.0% in KNHANES I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively (P=0.022). The prevalence of ASCVD was 1.4% in KNHANES I and increased to 3.3% in KNHANES V. The percentage of diabetic patients aged 40 to 75 years with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 70 to 189 mg/dL increased from 4.8% in KNHANES I to 6.1% in KNHANES V. People with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% and aged 40 to 75 years accounted for the largest percentage among the four statin benefit groups: 9.1% in KNHANES I and 11.0% in KNHANES V.

Conclusion

Application of the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline has found that the percentage of Korean adults in the statin benefit groups has increased over the past 15 years.

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Review

2011 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Korea: Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung-Rea Kim, Dong-Joon Kim, Seung-Joon Oh, Hye-Jin Lee, Kang-Hee Shim, Mi-Hye Woo, Jun-Young Kim, Nan-Hee Kim, Jae-Taik Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Hae Jin Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, Eun-Kyung Hong, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Ji-Oh Mok, Kun-Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):431-436. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.431

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As in other countries, type 2 diabetes is major health concern in Korea. A dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens. Early detection of high risk individuals, hidden diabetic patients, and improvement in the quality of care for the disease are the first steps to mitigate the increase in prevalence. The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In the guidelines, the committee recommended active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added the hemoglobin A1c level to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, the committee members emphasized that integrating patient education and self-management is an essential part of care. The drug treatment algorithm based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics were also updated.

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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(2): 137. CrossRef
Distribution of glycated haemoglobin and its determinants in Korean youth and young adults: a nationwide population-based study
Ji-Young Seo, Seung-sik Hwang, Jae Hyun Kim, Young Ah Lee, Seong Yong Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between age of onset and risk factors including family history and life style in Korean population with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Jin-Won Noh, Jin Hee Jung, Jeong Eun Park, Jung Hwa Lee, Kang Hee Sim, Jumin Park, Min Hee Kim, Ki-Bong Yoo
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2018; 30(2): 201. CrossRef
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 2016: An Appraisal of Current Status
Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(5): 415. CrossRef
Features of Long-Standing Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study Based on Standardized Clinical Data
Sejeong Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Su Jin Jeong, Kiyoung Kim, Suk Chon, Seung-Young Yu, Jeong-Taek Woo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 393. CrossRef
Letter: Comparison of Age of Onset and Frequency of Diabetic Complications in the Very Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab2016;31:416-23, Bong-Ki Lee et al.)
Mee Kyoung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 140. CrossRef
The Cutoff Value of HbA1c in Predicting Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose
Seyoung Kwon, Youngak Na
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(2): 114. CrossRef
Changes in HbA 1c levels and body mass index after successful decompression surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lumbar spinal stenosis: results of a 2-year follow-up study
Kyoung-Tae Kim, Dae-Chul Cho, Joo-Kyung Sung, Chi Heon Kim, Hyun Kang, Du Hwan Kim
The Spine Journal.2017; 17(2): 203. CrossRef
Validation of a Newly Developed Equation for Estimating Serum Apolipoprotein B: Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Surrogate Markers in Koreans
Jong-Dai Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Hong-Yup Ahn, Cheol-Young Park
Yonsei Medical Journal.2017; 58(5): 975. CrossRef
Antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2017: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(6): 947. CrossRef
Diagnostic criteria for diabetes in China: are we pushing too much beyond evidence?
X Ma, Y-L Zhang, Q Ji, Y Xing, H Pan, S Chen, J-L Tang, S Zhu
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2017; 71(7): 812. CrossRef
Patterns, control and complications of diabetes from a hospital based registry established in a low income country
Jaweed Akhter, Asma Ahmed, Minaz Mawani, Laila Lakhani, Ayaz Kalsekar, Shehla Tabassum, Najmul Islam
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Analyses of gut microbiota and plasma bile acids enable stratification of patients for antidiabetic treatment
Yanyun Gu, Xiaokai Wang, Junhua Li, Yifei Zhang, Huanzi Zhong, Ruixin Liu, Dongya Zhang, Qiang Feng, Xiaoyan Xie, Jie Hong, Huahui Ren, Wei Liu, Jing Ma, Qing Su, Hongmei Zhang, Jialin Yang, Xiaoling Wang, Xinjie Zhao, Weiqiong Gu, Yufang Bi, Yongde Peng,
Nature Communications.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association
Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Sang Youl Rhee, Nan-Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Byung-Wan Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Hwa Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(5): 337. CrossRef
Regional variations in frequency of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring in Korea: A multilevel analysis of nationwide data
Kyoung-Hun Yoo, Dong-Wook Shin, Mi-Hee Cho, Sang-Hyuck Kim, Hyun-Jung Bahk, Shin-Hye Kim, Su-Min Jeong, Jae-Moon Yun, Jin-Ho Park, Heesun Kim, BeLong Cho
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2017; 131: 61. CrossRef
Fasting plasma glucose concentrations for specified HbA1c goals in Korean populations: data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011)
Sangmo Hong, Jun Goo Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Chang Beom Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabolic syndrome independently predicts future diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Nam H. Cho, Chang Ho Ahn, Joon Ho Moon, Soo Heon Kwak, Sung Hee Choi, Soo Lim, Kyong Soo Park, Boyd E. Metzger, Hak C. Jang
Medicine.2016; 95(35): e4582. CrossRef
Feasibility of a Patient-Centered, Smartphone-Based, Diabetes Care System: A Pilot Study
Eun Ky Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Seungsu Baek, Seung Lyeol Lee, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 192. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions for Managing Diabetes in Korea
Jee Young Joo
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2016; 34(12): 587. CrossRef
Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seawon Hwang, Eun-Jung Yim, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(3): 202. CrossRef
A Potential Issue with Screening Prediabetes or Diabetes Using Serum Glucose: A Delay in Diagnosis
Jun Goo Kang, Cheol-Young Park, Sung-Hee Ihm, Sung Woo Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(5): 414. CrossRef
Experiences of Diabetes Education among Educators of Diabetes : a content analysis approach
Soo Jin Kang, Soo Jung Chang
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(2): 221. CrossRef
Efficient Strategy to Identify Gene-Gene Interactions and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes
Donghe Li, Sungho Won
Genomics & Informatics.2016; 14(4): 160. CrossRef
A patient-centric approach to optimise insulin therapy in Asia
Su Yen Goh, Ernesto Ang, Shailendra Bajpai, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Zanariah Hussein, Shashank Joshi, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Sjoberg Kho, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Chang Yu Pan, Riccardo Perfetti, Apichati Vichayanrat, Aleksandra Vlajnic, Juli
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2016; 30(6): 973. CrossRef
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Threshold for Predicting Diabetes and Prediabetes from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sangmo Hong, Jun Goo Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Cheol-Young Park, Chang Beom Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(2): 167. CrossRef
Retrospective Observational Dose-Titration Study of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Inadequate Glycemic Control on 15 mg of Pioglitazone
So Young Ha, Hae Won Jung, Yong Jun Choi, Hyun Kyo Lee, Jong Wook Choi, Ji Hoon Choi, Jung Hyun Noh, Jae Won Hong, Dong-Jun Kim
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(1): 51. CrossRef
Upper-normal waist circumference is a risk marker for metabolic syndrome in normal-weight subjects
R. Okada, Y. Yasuda, K. Tsushita, K. Wakai, N. Hamajima, S. Matsuo
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2016; 26(1): 67. CrossRef
Optimal Glycemic and Hemoglobin A1c Thresholds for Diagnosing Diabetes Based on Prevalence of Retinopathy in an Iranian Population
Naser Samadi Aidenloo, Alireza Mehdizadeh, Neda Valizadeh, Mohammad Abbaszadeh, Siavash Qarequran, Hamidreza Khalkhali
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Trends of antidiabetic drug use in adult type 2 diabetes in Korea in 2002–2013
Seung-Hyun Ko, Dae-Jung Kim, Jong-Heon Park, Cheol-Young Park, Chang Hee Jung, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Joong-Yeol Park, Kee-Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Ki-Up Lee, Kyung-Soo Ko
Medicine.2016; 95(27): e4018. CrossRef
Association between estimated blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin levels
Seon-Ah Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 31(3): 457. CrossRef
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan
Fahad Javaid Siddiqui, Bilal Iqbal Avan, Sadia Mahmud, Debra J. Nanan, Abdul Jabbar, Pryseley Nkouibert Assam
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2015; 107(1): 148. CrossRef
Assessment of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin–sulfonylurea combination: Results of a multicenter, cross‐sectional, observational study in Korea
Sin Gon Kim, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Duk Kyu Kim, Sung Rae Cho, Dong Seop Choi
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2015; 6(3): 317. CrossRef
Avoiding or coping with severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2015; 30(1): 6. CrossRef
The Correlation between Hemoglobin A1c and Common Carotid Artery Intima Medial Thickness of Both Genders with Less Than 6.5% HbA1c Based on Ultrasound Measurement
Yeongju Ryu, Youngjin Park, Byeong Jin Ye
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015; 15(2): 47. CrossRef
Increased prevalence of albuminuria in individuals with higher range of impaired fasting glucose: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jong Chul Won, Jae Won Hong, Jung Min Kim, Tae Nyun Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Dong-Jun Kim
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2015; 29(1): 50. CrossRef
The Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010
Young-Hoon Park, Jeong Ah Shin, Jae-Hyung Han, Yong-Moon Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Harald Mischak
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0125338. CrossRef
Efficacy of a New Medical Information system, Ubiquitous Healthcare Service with Voice Inception Technique in Elderly Diabetic Patients
Kyoung Min Kim, Kyeong Seon Park, Hyun Ju Lee, Yun Hee Lee, Ji Seon Bae, Young Joon Lee, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang, Soo Lim
Scientific Reports.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Intensive Individualized Reinforcement Education Is Important for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Yun-Mi Yong, Kyung-Mi Shin, Kang-Min Lee, Jae-Young Cho, Sun-Hye Ko, Min-Hyang Yoon, Tae-Won Kim, Jong-Hyun Jeong, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(2): 154. CrossRef
The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: Understanding How Data Can Inform Clinical Practice in Korea
Seungjoon Oh, Suk Chon, Kyu Jeong Ahn, In-Kyung Jeong, Byung-Joon Kim, Jun Goo Kang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(3): 177. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics of Subjects with Sulfonylurea-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes
Se Hee Min, Soo Heon Kwak, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Hye Seung Jung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(4): 509. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sun-Hye Ko, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(6): 498. CrossRef
Association between flavonoid intake and diabetes risk among the Koreans
Jee-Young Yeon, Yun Jung Bae, Eun-Young Kim, Eun-Ju Lee
Clinica Chimica Acta.2015; 439: 225. CrossRef
Association between Self-Reported Smoking and Hemoglobin A1c in a Korean Population without Diabetes: The 2011–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jae Won Hong, Cheol Ryong Ku, Jung Hyun Noh, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Dong-Jun Kim, Barbara Fuhrman
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(5): e0126746. CrossRef
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodules in healthy Koreans
Juyoung Shin, Min-Hee Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Bong-Yun Cha, Dong-Jun Lim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2015; 31(1): 98. CrossRef
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Chun-Ja Kim, Hee Sun Kang, Elizabeth A. Schlenk, Sun-Mi Chae
The Diabetes Educator.2015; 41(2): 203. CrossRef
Current Status of Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at General Hospitals in South Korea
Jin-Hee Jung, Jung-Hwa Lee, Jin-Won Noh, Jeong-Eun Park, Hee-Sook Kim, Joo-Wha Yoo, Bok-Rye Song, Jeong-rim Lee, Myeong-Hee Hong, Hyang-Mi Jang, Young Na, Hyun-Joo Lee, Jeong-Mi Lee, Yang-Gyo Kang, Sun-Young Kim, Kang-Hee Sim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(4): 307. CrossRef
The number of metabolic syndrome components is a good risk indicator for both early- and late-stage kidney damage
R. Okada, Y. Yasuda, K. Tsushita, K. Wakai, N. Hamajima, S. Matsuo
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2014; 24(3): 277. CrossRef
Internet-Based Mentoring Program for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Sun-Hye Ko, Seung-Hyun Ko
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(2): 107. CrossRef
Association of Vitamin B12Deficiency and Metformin Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Sun-Hye Ko, Sun-Hee Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ki-Ho Song, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hye-Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(7): 965. CrossRef
Plasma Glucose Regulation and Mortality in Korea: A Pooled Analysis of Three Community-Based Cohort Studies
Nan Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Kim, Seok Won Park, Jee-Young Oh, Joong-Yeol Park, Chol Shin, Hong Kyu Lee, Yongsoo Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(1): 44. CrossRef
The glycemic efficacies of insulin analogue regimens according to baseline glycemic status in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes: sub‐analysis from the A 1 chieve ® study
Y.‐C. Hwang, J. G. Kang, K. J. Ahn, B. S. Cha, S.‐H. Ihm, S. Lee, M. Kim, B.‐W. Lee
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2014; 68(11): 1338. CrossRef
Higher Prevalence and Awareness, but Lower Control Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes than General Population: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011
Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(1): 51. CrossRef
Comparison between the Therapeutic Effect of Metformin, Glimepiride and Their Combination as an Add-On Treatment to Insulin Glargine in Uncontrolled Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Cheol-Young Park, Jun Goo Kang, Suk Chon, Junghyun Noh, Seung Joon Oh, Chang Beom Lee, Sung Woo Park, T. Mark Doherty
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(3): e87799. CrossRef
Glycaemic and haemoglobin A1c thresholds for detecting diabetic retinopathy: The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011)
Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Lee, Dae-Jung Kim, Dong-Joon Kim, Kyungdo Han, Julie K. Bower, Yu-Bae Ahn
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2014; 104(3): 435. CrossRef
Development of an HbA1c-Based Conversion Equation for Estimating Glycated Albumin in a Korean Population with a Wide Range of Glucose Intolerance
Chang Hee Jung, You-Cheol Hwang, Kwang Joon Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Cheol-Young Park, Won Seon Jeon, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong-taek Woo, Byung-Wan Lee, Sompop Bencharit
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(4): e95729. CrossRef
Risk of suicidal ideation in diabetes varies by diabetes regimen, diabetes duration, and HbA1c level
Hoo-Yeon Lee, Myung-Il Hahm, Sang Gyu Lee
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2014; 76(4): 275. CrossRef
Non-HDL cholesterol is an independent risk factor for aspirin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Jong Dai Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Kue Jeong Ahn, Jae Hyoung Cho, Kyung Mook Choi, Jun Goo Kang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ki Young Lee, Byung Wan Lee, Ji Oh Mok, Min Kyong Moon, Joong Yeol Park, Sung Woo Park
Atherosclerosis.2014; 234(1): 146. CrossRef
Optimal glycated albumin cutoff value to diagnose diabetes in Korean adults: A retrospective study based on the oral glucose tolerance test
You-Cheol Hwang, Chang Hee Jung, Hong-Yup Ahn, Won Seon Jeon, Sang-Man Jin, Jeong-taek Woo, Bong Soo Cha, Jae Hyeon Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Byung-Wan Lee
Clinica Chimica Acta.2014; 437: 1. CrossRef
Higher Prevalence of Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Sulfonylurea Combination Compared with Insulin Combination in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Donghoon Kang, Jae-Seung Yun, Sun-Hye Ko, Tae-Seok Lim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu Wang
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(10): e109878. CrossRef
The Relationship between BMI and Glycated Albumin to Glycated Hemoglobin (GA/A1c) Ratio According to Glucose Tolerance Status
Ji Hye Huh, Kwang Joon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Marta Letizia Hribal
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(2): e89478. CrossRef
Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes according to Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c
Ja Young Jeon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Myoung-jin Jang, Yuna Kim, Kyungwon Oh, Dae Jung Kim, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(5): 349. CrossRef
Metformin Based Dual-Combination Therapies in Drug Naïve Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Dong-Lim Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(6): 429. CrossRef
Glycemic Effectiveness of Metformin-Based Dual-Combination Therapies with Sulphonylurea, Pioglitazone, or DPP4-Inhibitor in Drug-Naïve Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Young Ki Lee, Sun Ok Song, Kwang Joon Kim, Yongin Cho, Younjeong Choi, Yujung Yun, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun-Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(6): 465. CrossRef
Long-term changes of the prevalence and control rate of hypertension among Korean adults with diagnosed diabetes: 1998–2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Hyeon Woo Yim, Won-Chul Lee, Yong-Moon Park
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2012; 97(1): 151. CrossRef
Smoking and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sang Ah Chang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(6): 399. CrossRef
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference According to Glucose Tolerance Status in Korea: The 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hye Mi Kang, Dong-Jun Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(5): 518. CrossRef
Renal Hyperfiltration in Prediabetes Confirmed by Fasting Plasma Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c
Rieko Okada, Kenji Wakai, Mariko Naito, Emi Morita, Sayo Kawai, Guang Yin, Noriyo Ozawa, Masatoshi Furuta, Erina Koyama, Rumi Tsuchiya, Noriko Kouno, Nobuyuki Hamajima
Renal Failure.2012; 34(9): 1084. CrossRef
Higher Morning to Evening Ratio in Total Dose of Twice-Daily Biphasic Insulin Analog Might Be Effective in Achieving Glucose Control in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes
Yong-Ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Hea Jin Kwon, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2012; 14(6): 508. CrossRef
The Risk of Bladder Cancer in Korean Diabetic Subjects Treated with Pioglitazone
Sun Ok Song, Kwang Joon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(5): 371. CrossRef
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate and Physician Perceptions about Target Goal Achievement in Korean Patients with Diabetes
Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee, Cheol Young Park, Sung Rae Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moon Kyu Lee, Sung Woo Park, Joong-Yeol Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(6): 628. CrossRef
Letter: Diabetic Polyneuropathy and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:390-6)
Sun-Hye Ko, Seung-Hyun Ko
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(5): 558. CrossRef

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